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    PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HALOGENATED BUTYL RUBBER WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS
    1.
    发明申请
    PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HALOGENATED BUTYL RUBBER WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS 有权
    用于生产具有减少排放的氢化丁基橡胶的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US20140221576A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-08-07

    申请号：US14115477

    申请日：2012-05-18

    申请人： Tobias Groemping ,  Sven Bach ,  Baecker Werner ,  Wei Chen ,  Paul Nguyen ,  Kevin Alam ,  Robert Michael Wise ,  Thomas Mulder

    发明人： Tobias Groemping ,  Sven Bach ,  Baecker Werner ,  Wei Chen ,  Paul Nguyen ,  Kevin Alam ,  Robert Michael Wise ,  Thomas Mulder

    IPC分类号： C08C19/14

    CPC分类号： C08C19/14 ,  B01J19/006 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01J19/1862 ,  B01J2219/00768 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  C08F8/20 ,  C08F210/12

    摘要： The present invention relates to a process for the production of halogenated butyl rubber and an apparatus for the production of rubber cement for use in the production of halogenated butyl rubber. The process and apparatus permit direct mixing of aqueous rubber slurry with a non-halogenated organic solvent to make a rubber cement solution. The water layer is then separated from the partially dissolved rubber cement and the cement phase is sent for halogenation. The apparatus is an enclosed vessel comprised of at least one dissolving zone and at least one separator zone. The process and apparatus advantageously employ recycle of rubber cement in order to disrupt an interface layer that forms between the water and rubber cement, to thereby improve continuously operation of the process.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及生产卤化丁基橡胶的方法和用于生产用于生产卤化丁基橡胶的橡胶水泥的设备。 该方法和设备允许水性橡胶浆料与非卤化有机溶剂的直接混合以制备橡胶水泥溶液。 然后将水层与部分溶解的橡胶粘合剂分离，并将水泥相送入卤化。 该装置是由至少一个溶解区和至少一个分离区构成的封闭容器。 该方法和装置有利地使用橡胶粘结剂的再循环，以便破坏在水和橡胶水泥之间形成的界面层，从而改进该方法的连续操作。

    Electrochromic devices and fabrication methods
    5.
    发明授权
    Electrochromic devices and fabrication methods 有权
    电致变色器件和制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US07808693B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-10-05

    申请号：US11956238

    申请日：2007-12-13

    申请人： Paul Nguyen

    发明人： Paul Nguyen

    IPC分类号： G02F1/153

    CPC分类号： G02F1/1508 ,  G02F1/1525 ,  G02F2001/1536

    摘要： An electrochromic device includes a first conductive layer, a single-layer or dual-layer ion conductor layer, and a second conductive layer. The layers are deposited using PVD, CVD, PECVD, atomic layer deposition, pulsed laser deposition, plating, or sol-gel techniques.

    摘要翻译： 电致变色装置包括第一导电层，单层或双层离子导体层和第二导电层。 使用PVD，CVD，PECVD，原子层沉积，脉冲激光沉积，电镀或溶胶 - 凝胶技术沉积这些层。

    Electrochromic device and method of making the same
    6.
    发明授权
    Electrochromic device and method of making the same 有权
    电致变色装置及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US07609433B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-10-27

    申请号：US11778619

    申请日：2007-07-16

    申请人： Paul Nguyen

    发明人： Paul Nguyen

    IPC分类号： G02F1/15 ,  C09K19/02 ,  G09G3/19

    CPC分类号： G02F1/1525

    摘要： An electrochromic device includes a first conductive layer, a dual-layer ion conductor layer, and a second conductive layer. The first ion conductor layer and the second ion conductor layer are formed from different materials and/or by different processes. The layers are deposited using PVD, CVD, or plating techniques.

    摘要翻译： 电致变色装置包括第一导电层，双层离子导体层和第二导电层。 第一离子导体层和第二离子导体层由不同的材料和/或不同的工艺形成。 使用PVD，CVD或电镀技术沉积这些层。

    ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME
    7.
    发明申请
    ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME 有权
    电致发光器件及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080304130A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-12-11

    申请号：US11778619

    申请日：2007-07-16

    申请人： Paul Nguyen

    发明人： Paul Nguyen

    IPC分类号： G02F1/15

    CPC分类号： G02F1/1525

    摘要： An electrochromic device includes a first conductive layer, a dual-layer ion conductor layer, and a second conductive layer. The first ion conductor layer and the second ion conductor layer are formed from different materials and/or by different processes. The layers are deposited using PVD, CVD, or plating techniques.

    摘要翻译： 电致变色装置包括第一导电层，双层离子导体层和第二导电层。 第一离子导体层和第二离子导体层由不同的材料和/或不同的工艺形成。 使用PVD，CVD或电镀技术沉积这些层。

    Magnetic elements with spin engineered insertion layers and MRAM devices using the magnetic elements
    8.
    发明申请
    Magnetic elements with spin engineered insertion layers and MRAM devices using the magnetic elements 有权
    具有自旋工程插入层的磁性元件和使用磁性元件的MRAM器件

    公开(公告)号：US20060049472A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-03-09

    申请号：US10938219

    申请日：2004-09-09

    申请人： Zhitao Diao ,  Yiming Huai ,  Thierry Valet ,  Paul Nguyen ,  Mahendra Pakala

    发明人： Zhitao Diao ,  Yiming Huai ,  Thierry Valet ,  Paul Nguyen ,  Mahendra Pakala

    IPC分类号： H01L43/00 ,  H01L29/82

    CPC分类号： H01F10/3272 ,  B82Y25/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  H01F10/30 ,  H01F41/302 ,  H01L43/10

    摘要： A method and system for providing a magnetic element is disclosed. The method and system include providing a pinned layer, a free layer, and a spacer layer between the pinned and free layers. The spacer layer is nonmagnetic. The magnetic element is configured to allow the free layer to be switched due to spin transfer when a write current is passed through the magnetic element. In one aspect, the method and system include providing a spin engineered layer adjacent to the free layer. The spin engineered layer is configured to more strongly scatter majority electrons than minority electrons. In another aspect, at least one of the pinned, free, and spacer layers is a spin engineered layer having an internal spin engineered layer configured to more strongly scatter majority electrons than minority electrons. In this aspect, the magnetic element may include another pinned layer and a barrier layer between the free and pinned layers.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于提供磁性元件的方法和系统。 该方法和系统包括在被钉扎层和自由层之间提供钉扎层，自由层和间隔层。 间隔层是非磁性的。 磁性元件配置成当写入电流通过磁性元件时由于自旋转移而允许自由层被切换。 在一个方面，该方法和系统包括提供与自由层相邻的旋转工程化层。 旋转工程层被配置为比少数电子更强烈地散射多数电子。 在另一方面，被钉扎，自由和间隔层中的至少一个是具有内部自旋工程化层的纺丝工程层，其被配置成比少数电子更强烈地散射多数电子。 在这方面，磁性元件可以包括另一被钉扎层和位于游离层和钉扎层之间的阻挡层。

    Magnetic elements with spin engineered insertion layers and MRAM devices using the magnetic elements
    9.
    发明申请
    Magnetic elements with spin engineered insertion layers and MRAM devices using the magnetic elements 有权
    具有自旋工程插入层的磁性元件和使用磁性元件的MRAM器件

    公开(公告)号：US20070120211A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-31

    申请号：US11699160

    申请日：2007-01-29

    申请人： Zhitao Diao ,  Yiming Huai ,  Thierry Valet ,  Paul Nguyen ,  Mahendra Pakala

    发明人： Zhitao Diao ,  Yiming Huai ,  Thierry Valet ,  Paul Nguyen ,  Mahendra Pakala

    IPC分类号： H01L29/82

    CPC分类号： H01F10/3272 ,  B82Y25/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  H01F10/30 ,  H01F41/302 ,  H01L43/10

    摘要： A method and system for providing a magnetic element are described. The method and system include providing a single pinned layer, a free layer, and a spacer layer between the pinned and free layers. The spacer layer is nonmagnetic. The magnetic element is configured to allow the free layer to be switched due to spin transfer when a write current is passed through the magnetic element. The free layer is a simple free layer. In one aspect, the method and system include providing a spin engineered layer adjacent to the free layer. The spin engineered layer is configured to more strongly scatter majority electrons than minority electrons. In another aspect, at least one of the pinned, free, and spacer layers is a spin engineered layer having an internal spin engineered layer configured to more strongly scatter majority electrons than minority electrons. In this aspect, the magnetic element may include another pinned layer and a barrier layer between the free and pinned layers.

    摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于提供磁性元件的方法和系统。 该方法和系统包括在被钉扎层和自由层之间提供单个钉扎层，自由层和间隔层。 间隔层是非磁性的。 磁性元件配置成当写入电流通过磁性元件时由于自旋转移而允许自由层被切换。 自由层是一个简单的自由层。 在一个方面，该方法和系统包括提供与自由层相邻的旋转工程化层。 旋转工程层被配置为比少数电子更强烈地散射多数电子。 在另一方面，被钉扎，自由和间隔层中的至少一个是具有内部自旋工程化层的纺丝工程层，其被配置成比少数电子更强烈地散射多数电子。 在这方面，磁性元件可以包括另一被钉扎层和位于游离层和钉扎层之间的阻挡层。