摘要:
Processes and a catalyst for the cycloaddition of an olefin, such as C2 to C4 olefins like, ethylene, propylene and butylene, to a biomass derived compound, such as dimethylfuran, furan, methylfuran. The catalyst has a relatively low silica to alumina ratio of around 25 compared with conventional catalysts which have a ratio greater than 1000. The catalyst has phosphorus and may be a beta zeolite. Such a catalyst can be used to generate a high yield of bio-based para-xylene.
摘要:
Processes and apparatuses for degrading PFAS into calcium fluoride, carbon dioxide, and water. PFAS are heated and introduced to a calcium base which will degrade the PFAS. The PFAS may be in a stream that is a PFAS enriched stream formed by desorbing the PFAS from an adsorbent which removed the PFAS from a contaminant stream. The PFAS may be desorbed in the presence of the calcium base. The calcium base may be calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, or combinations thereof.
摘要:
Processes for increasing the viricidal activity of a fiber substrate. The fiber substrate is provided. An antiviral treatment containing a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound is introduced to the fiber substrate to form an antiviral substrate. The treated fiber substrate is washed and dried. The antiviral treatment may occur before or after the fiber substrate is incorporated into the HEPA filter media in a papermaking process. Also a filter made from treated fiber substrates.
摘要:
A process utilizing an ionic liquid is described. The process includes contacting a hydrocarbon feed with an ionic liquid component, the ionic liquid component comprising a mixture of a first ionic liquid and a viscosity modifier, wherein a viscosity of the ionic liquid component is at least about 10% less than a viscosity of the first ionic liquid.
摘要:
Lactamium based ionic liquids are described. They comprise at least one of: the reaction product of a lactam compound having a formula (IV) wherein n is 1, 2 or 4 to 8, and a Brøsted acid HX; or a Brøsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide; where the reaction product is p-toluenesulfonate, halide, or the halometallate; or the reaction product of a lactam compound having a formula (V) wherein the ring has at least C—C one double bond, and n is 1 to 8, and a Brøsted acid HX; or a Brøsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide; or the reaction product of a lactam compound having a formula (VI) wherein n is 1 to 8, m is 1 to 8, and the rings can be saturated or unsaturated; and a Brøsted acid HX; or a Brøsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide.
摘要:
Processes for removing sulfur and nitrogen contaminants from hydrocarbon streams are described. The processes include contacting the hydrocarbon stream comprising the contaminant with lean halometallate ionic liquid an organohalide resulting in a mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and rich halometallate ionic liquid comprising the contaminant. The mixture is separated to produce a hydrocarbon effluent and a rich halometallate ionic liquid effluent comprising the rich halometallate ionic liquid comprising the contaminant.
摘要:
Lactamium based ionic liquids are described. They comprise at least one of: the reaction product of a lactam compound having a general formula wherein n is 1 to 8, and a Brønsted acid HX; or a Brønsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide; where the reaction product is p-toluenesulfonate, halide, or the halometallate; or the reaction product of a lactam compound having a general formula wherein the ring has at least C—C one double bond, and n is 1 to 8, and a Brønsted acid HX; or a Brønsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide; or the reaction product of a lactam compound having a general formula wherein n is 1 to 8, m is 1 to 8, and the rings can be saturated or unsaturated; and a Brønsted acid HX; or a Brønsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide.
摘要:
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description of the invention, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
摘要:
Non-cyclic amide or thioamide based ionic liquids and methods of making them are disclosed. The non-cyclic amide or thioamide based ionic liquid comprises a cation and an anion and has the formula:
摘要:
Processes for removing sulfur and nitrogen contaminants from hydrocarbon streams are described. The processes include contacting the hydrocarbon stream comprising the contaminant with lean carbenium pseudo ionic liquid or a combination of carbenium pseudo ionic liquid and ionic liquid to produce a mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and rich carbenium pseudo ionic liquid or carbenium pseudo ionic liquid and ionic liquid comprising the contaminant. The mixture is separated to produce a hydrocarbon effluent and a rich carbenium pseudo ionic liquid or carbenium pseudo ionic liquid and ionic liquid effluent comprising the rich carbenium pseudo ionic liquid or carbenium pseudo ionic liquid and ionic liquid comprising the contaminant.