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公开(公告)号：US4382377A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-10
申请号：US261283
申请日：1981-05-05
IPC分类号： G01L23/22
CPC分类号： G01L23/222
摘要： A pressure sensor for an internal combustion engine has a piezoceramic transducer in an operating connection, by way of a plunger, with a membrane, the sensor being secured in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with the membrane located within a cylinder. The pressure sensor serves for detecting knock and ping.
摘要翻译： 用于内燃机的压力传感器具有通过柱塞与操作连接的压电陶瓷换能器，其具有膜，所述传感器固定在内燃机的气缸盖中，所述膜位于气缸内。 压力传感器用于检测敲击和平移。
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公开(公告)号：US4677337A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US926801
申请日：1986-10-29
摘要： A piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer for radiating ultrasonic energy in the medium of air has a number of piezoceramic ultrasonic radiators disposed in registry within a dimensionally stable carrier block which has an intrinsic acoustic impedance which is lower by a factor of at least eight than that of the piezoceramic material and which has a high mechanical attenuation 1/Q.sub.m greater than approximately 0.05. The carrier block is yieldable at at least one closed face thereof for emission and/or reception of ultrasonic energy. The piezoelectric transducer elements may be divided into a number of side-by-side elements which may be individually energized, or may have electrodes connected in series for energizing the individual transducer elements in common. The combined operation of the ultrasonic transducer elements within the carrier block results in an ultrasonic transducer having broadband characteristics matched for ultrasonic transmission in the medium of air of short ultrasonic waveforms and for receiving ultrasonic energy for near-distance detection.
摘要翻译： 用于在空气介质中辐射超声波能量的压电超声波换能器具有多个压电陶瓷超声波辐射器，其布置在尺寸稳定的载体块内，其内在的声阻抗比压电陶瓷的至少要低8倍 材料，其具有大于约0.05的高机械衰减1 / Qm。 载体块在其至少一个封闭面处是可屈服的，用于发射和/或接收超声波能量。 压电换能器元件可以被分成多个并排元件，这些元件可以单独激励，或者可以具有串联连接的电极，用于共同地激励各个换能器元件。 超声波换能器元件在载体块内的组合操作导致超声波换能器具有与超声波波形的空气介质中的超声波传输匹配的宽带特性，并且用于接收用于近距离检测的超声波能量。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4404502A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-13
申请号：US328481
申请日：1981-12-08
CPC分类号： H01L41/042 , B06B1/0215 , B06B1/06 , F02D41/2096 , B06B2201/55
摘要： A circuit arrangement for a piezoelectric positioning element is formed of a series connection of a capacitive element, an inductance, and first switch to be controlled, said series circuit being connected across at least one piezoelectric body of the positioning element. The capacitive element, which may be another piezoelectric body of the same positioning element but which is operated in reverse phase, has at least approximately the same capacitance value as a capacitance of the first piezo-electrical body. The inductance is dimensioned sufficiently large in order to magnetically intermediately store substantially an entire energy increment to be transferred between the positioning element and the capacitive element. The first switch is connected to permit termination of a charge transfer. A series circuit is formed of an electrical energy source for charging and recharging and a second switch, said series circuit being connected parallel to the positioning element or the capacitive element. A controllable short-circuit switch is connected parallel to the capacitive element or parallel to the positioning element. In this way, the activation energy of the piezoelectric body is recovered on de-activation, for re-use on the next cycle.
摘要翻译： 用于压电定位元件的电路装置由电容元件，电感和要控制的第一开关的串联连接形成，所述串联电路跨过定位元件的至少一个压电体连接。 可以是相同定位元件的另一个压电体，但是以相反的方式操作的电容元件具有与第一压电体的电容至少大致相同的电容值。 电感的尺寸足够大，以便磁性地中间存储基本上整个能量增量以在定位元件和电容元件之间传递。 第一个开关被连接以允许终止电荷转移。 串联电路由用于充电和再充电的电能源和第二开关形成，所述串联电路平行于定位元件或电容元件连接。 可控短路开关并联连接到电容元件或平行于定位元件。 以这种方式，在去激活时恢复压电体的活化能，以便在下一循环中重新使用。
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公开(公告)号：US4392074A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-05
申请号：US252298
申请日：1981-04-09
IPC分类号： H01L41/107 , H02M1/08 , H03K17/687 , H03K17/689 , H03K17/725 , H03K17/94 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： H03K17/6895 , H01L41/107 , H02M1/08 , H03K17/687 , H03K17/725 , H03K17/94
摘要： A trigger device for electronic switches operating according to piezo-electric principles and having galvanic decoupling between the input control electronics and the controlled electronics switch has a piezo-ignition coupler which is a lamina of piezo-ceramic material having at least two spaced electrodes on one surface thereof and at least two counter electrodes in registry therewith on an opposite side thereof. The respective electrodes in registry form electrode pairs and one pair of electrodes is connected to the control electronics and another pair of electrodes is connected to the trigger electrode of the electronic switch. The lamina has a shape displaying an axis with more than two-fold rotational symmetry and the dimensions of the lamina are selected such that the frequency of an alternating signal supplied to the lamina is matched to the resonant frequency of the lamina at a value between 20 kHz and 500 kHz for inducing a mode of vibration according to the principle of radial oscillation.
摘要翻译： 用于根据压电原理操作并且在输入控制电子器件和受控电子开关之间具有电流去耦的电子开关的触发装置具有压电点火耦合器，该压电点火耦合器是压电陶瓷材料层，在一个上具有至少两个间隔开的电极 表面和至少两个对置电极，与其相对的一侧对准。 注册形式的各电极对电极对和一对电极连接到控制电子器件，另一对电极连接到电子开关的触发电极。 薄片具有显示具有多于两个旋转对称性的轴的形状，并且选择薄片的尺寸使得提供给薄片的交变信号的频率与层间的谐振频率匹配在20° kHz和500 kHz，用于根据径向振荡原理诱发振动模式。
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公开(公告)号：US4423347A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-27
申请号：US328618
申请日：1981-12-08
CPC分类号： H02N2/02
摘要： An electrically actuated positioning element system utilizes a positioning element formed of piezo-electrical bodies each formed of a plurality of lamellae having electrodes. The lamellae have a length substantially greater than their thickness and upon application of an electrical voltage with a field direction which promotes a polarization of the material of the lamellae, the body is shortened. The two bodies are connected to one another at one end by a cross arm and at the other end the one body end is active and free to move relative to the other body end such that a resultant relative motion occurring between the two body ends may be utilized. Preferably a connection is provided for absorbing a lateral thrust of the bodies. The two piezo-electrical bodies are each electrically connected to one another for reverse-phase operation such that one contracts while the other is in a lengthened condition and vice versa.
摘要翻译： 电驱动的定位元件系统利用由压电体形成的定位元件，每个压电体由多个具有电极的片层形成。 薄片的长度显着大于其厚度，并且当施加具有促进薄片的材料的极化的场方向的电压时，主体被缩短。 两个主体在一端通过横臂彼此连接，而在另一端，一个主体端部是有效的并且相对于另一个主体端部自由移动，使得在两个主体端部之间产生的相应的相对运动可以是 利用。 优选地，提供用于吸收主体的横向推力的连接。 两个压电体各自彼此电连接以用于反相操作，使得一个压电电主体在另一个处于延长状态的同时收缩，反之亦然。
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6.发明授权Electronic calcification indicator for flow heaters heated by PTC resistors 失效用于PTC电阻加热的流量加热器的电子钙化指示器
公开(公告)号：US4292499A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-29
申请号：US59691
申请日：1979-07-23
CPC分类号： A47J31/545 , G01N25/18
摘要： A system is disclosed for indicating when a flow heater used for vaporization of water and heated by PTC resistors as heating elements therein must be decalcified. Within the flow heater a PTC resistor element is located at a water entry and also at a water exit region. A main PTC heater element is also provided between the entry and exit elements. Separate power supply lines are run to the exit and entry heating elements and an electronic circuit is provided which determines when a difference in current flow in the exit heating element compared to the entry heating element exceeds a given value indicative of the need for decalcification. The circuit connects with an indicator which is triggered when decalcification is required.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种系统，用于指示何时用于蒸发水的流动加热器并且由PTC电阻器加热的流动加热器作为其中的加热元件而被脱钙。 在流量加热器内，PTC电阻元件位于水入口处，也位于出水区域。 在入口和出口元件之间还提供主PTC加热器元件。 单独的电源线运行到出口和入口加热元件，并且提供电子电路，其确定出口加热元件中与入口加热元件相比的电流差异超过表示需要脱钙的给定值的时间。 该电路与需要脱钙时触发的指示器相连。
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公开(公告)号：US4359274A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-16
申请号：US253404
申请日：1981-04-13
摘要： A photographic or electronic camera is disclosed having an optoelectronic distance meter. Linear sensors are provided and by way of partial aperture diaphragms associated with a lens first and second images are created and projectd onto the image sensors. An evaluating circuit, in dependence upon varied position displacements of the sensor signals, determines a maximum correlation between the signals and an associated position displacement with a corresponding electrical value corresponding to distance. A stringing mirror deflects the path of rays either into the view finder or to an image plane for picture taking. The swinging mirror has apertures positioned to permit the first and second bundles of rays to pass therethrough. Deflection elements are attached to the swinging mirror and are positioned to direct the partial bundles of rays passing through the apertures such that the images are projected onto the image sensors.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有光电距离计的摄影或电子照相机。 提供线性传感器，并且通过与透镜相关联的部分孔径光阑，并且创建第二图像并投影到图像传感器上。 评估电路根据传感器信号的不同位置位移确定信号与相应位置之间的最大相关性以及对应于距离的对应电气值。 一根弯曲的镜子将光线的路径偏转到取景器或图像平面中进行拍摄。 摆动镜具有定位成允许第一束和第二束光线通过的孔。 偏转元件附接到摆动反射镜并且被定位成引导通过孔的部分光束束，使得图像被投影到图像传感器上。
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8.发明授权Process for the production of hydrophilic fibres and filaments of synthetic polymers 失效用于生产合成聚合物的亲水性纤维和长丝的方法
公开(公告)号：US4356134A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-26
申请号：US776966
申请日：1977-03-14
摘要： The invention relates to a process for the production of hydrophilic filaments and fibres from a filament-forming synthetic polymer by a wet- or dry-spinning process which comprises introducing into the spinning solvent from 5 to 50% by weight of a substance with special properties defined herein and from 0.05 to 5% by weight of at least one surface-active compound as well as to hydrophilic filaments and fibres produced by such process.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过湿式或干式纺丝方法从成丝合成聚合物生产亲水长丝和纤维的方法，该方法包括将5至50重量％的具有特殊性质的物质引入纺丝溶剂中 和0.05至5重量％的至少一种表面活性化合物以及通过该方法生产的亲水性长丝和纤维。
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公开(公告)号：US4275390A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-23
申请号：US780806
申请日：1977-03-24
CPC分类号： G08B13/1645 , G08B13/2494
摘要： Burglar alarm apparatus includes an ultrasonic transmitter and an electromagnetic radiation transmitter whose signals are Doppler frequency shifted by an object moving through the radiation fields, the signals being received by respective demodulating receivers which provide respective electrical signals corresponding to the Doppler frequency. Frequency conversion apparatus is connected to one of the receivers to convert the output frequency thereof by a predetermined ratio to normalize or equalize the frequencies and a signal comparison circuit is provided to produce a signal in response to a ratio of the Doppler shifted signals within a predetermined tolerance range.
摘要翻译： 防盗报警装置包括超声波发射器和电磁辐射发射器，其信号被移动通过辐射场的物体多普勒频移，该信号由相应的解调接收器接收，该解调接收器提供对应于多普勒频率的各个电信号。 频率转换装置连接到接收机之一以将其输出频率转换预定比例以使频率归一化或均衡，并且提供信号比较电路以响应于预定的多普勒频移信号的比率产生信号 公差范围。
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10.发明授权Circuit arrangement for the automatic frequency control of an ultrasonic transducer 失效用于超声波换能器的自动频率控制的电路装置
公开(公告)号：US4175242A
公开(公告)日：1979-11-20
申请号：US897901
申请日：1978-04-19
申请人： Peter Kleinschmidt
发明人： Peter Kleinschmidt
CPC分类号： H03L7/02 , B06B1/0253 , H04R3/00
摘要： Circuit arrangement for inducing oscillations in an ultrasonic transducer approximating its natural resonance frequency, and comprising an oscillator for generation of an excitation AC voltage. A pulse gate circuit is connected to supply pulse wise application of the AC voltage to the transducer. The oscillator frequency is controlled by an auxiliary pulse generator connected to the transducer in parallel with the oscillator. A gate circuit and a phase discriminator are employed to produce favorable excitation for the particular oscillation mode of the transducer. The transducer is made preferably from a piezo electric ceramic. The circuit includes means capable of automatically finding the resonance frequency of the transducer.
摘要翻译： 用于诱导超声换能器中的振荡近似其固有共振频率的电路装置，并且包括用于产生激励AC电压的振荡器。 脉冲门电路被连接以向交变电源脉冲地施加交流电压。 振荡器频率由与振荡器并联的传感器连接的辅助脉冲发生器控制。 采用门电路和相位鉴别器来为换能器的特定振荡模式产生有利的激励。 传感器优选地由压电陶瓷制成。 该电路包括能够自动找到换能器的共振频率的装置。
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