Abstract:
An agricultural implement has implement settings for soil engaging tools that are controlled based on measured temporal and long-term soil properties in a field. A controller receives data from various soil and optical sensors and provides decision support for adjusting the implement settings. The soil sensors include a square or modified square electrical array that includes two independent, isolated disk coulters running side-by-side followed by two independent, isolated soil engaging runners. One runner has an optical sensor for organic matter, and the other runner has a temperature and moisture sensor. Above-ground optical sensors can be used to measure soil and plant material ahead of and behind the soil engaging tool. The controller can provide real time alerts to an operator that adjustments to the implement settings are needed, or the adjustments can be made automatically based on operator set thresholds, factory settings, or historical individual or global grower adjustments.
Abstract:
A system for measuring temperature and dielectric properties of soil and other semi-solid materials on-the-go uses a long-wearing non-ferrous wear plate with two metal prongs supported by the wear plate to measure dielectric properties. The metal prongs each have a mounting end soldered to a printed circuit board containing a capacitance sensor circuit. The metal prongs have exposed ends arranged to contact the semi-solid material being measured. The sensor circuit has an oscillation frequency of 50 to 100 MHz to allow rapid dielectric measurements to be made as the sensor moves through the semi-solid material. In one embodiment, the system includes an implement for traversing a field, a shank with a leading edge for opening a furrow in soil, and a spring-loaded mounting system for biasing the wear plate downwardly relative to a shank to maintain a consistent pressure of the wear plate and metal prongs against the soil.
Abstract:
An agricultural implement with various sensors for measuring properties of soil while performing normal planting or other operations. The sensors include a plurality of flexible tine assemblies used as electrodes for measuring soil EC. The flexible tine assemblies each have a lower end arranged to contact soil, and an upper end with a coil spring configuration attached to an electrically isolated support structure. The coil spring configuration allows the flexible tine to flex rearwardly to shed residue and clear obstructions. The flexible tine is arranged behind a soil engaging tool, such as an opener assembly or a residue clearing device, with the lower end contacting soil exposed by the soil engaging tool. Other soil sensors on the implement include sensor modules positioned in furrows behind the opener assemblies, and non-contact optical sensors arranged to measure reflectance of soil exposed by the opener assemblies.
Abstract:
A system for measuring soil properties on-the-go using a narrow profile sensor unit is provided on an implement for traversing a field. The sensor unit includes a front disk/coulter arranged to open a slot in the soil, a runner assembly arranged to follow behind the front disk/coulter for sliding contact with the soil in the slot, and a rotating disk/spoked wheel arranged to follow behind the runner assembly to close the slot. The front disk or coulter serves as a first electrode of an electrode array, the runner assembly has second and third electrodes attached thereto, and the rotating disk/spoked wheel serves as a fourth electrode. The electrode array can be used to measure soil electrical conductivity at multiple depths and to measure soil moisture. An optical window and pH sensor can also be incorporated into the runner assembly to measure soil reflectance and soil pH.
Abstract:
An agricultural planter having sensors for measuring multiple soil properties adjusts planting depth and seeding rate in real time based on the measured soil properties. An optical module is carried by the planter for collecting soil reflectance data. A pair of soil contact blades protrude from or are embedded in the optical module for collecting soil EC data and soil moisture data. A switching circuit or phase lock loop allows the same soil contact blades to feed signals to both a soil EC signal conditioning circuit and a soil moisture signal conditioning circuit. The soil moisture data can be used to calibrate the soil EC data and the soil reflectance data to compensate for effects of changing soil moisture conditions across a field. The sensor module can be positioned behind a seed tube and used as a seed firmer, or incorporated into a seed tube guard.
Abstract:
An agricultural implement has implement settings for soil engaging tools that are controlled based on measured temporal and long-term soil properties in a field. A controller receives data from various soil and optical sensors and provides decision support for adjusting the implement settings. The soil sensors include a square or modified square electrical array that includes two independent, isolated disk coulters running side-by-side followed by two independent, isolated soil engaging runners. One runner has an optical sensor for organic matter, and the other runner has a temperature and moisture sensor. Above-ground optical sensors can be used to measure soil and plant material ahead of and behind the soil engaging tool. The controller can provide real time alerts to an operator that adjustments to the implement settings are needed, or the adjustments can be made automatically based on operator set thresholds, factory settings, or historical individual or global grower adjustments.
Abstract:
An agricultural planter having sensors for measuring multiple soil properties adjusts planting depth and seeding rate in real time based on the measured soil properties. An optical module is carried by the planter for collecting soil reflectance data. A pair of soil contact blades protrude from or are embedded in the optical module for collecting soil EC data and soil moisture data. A switching circuit or phase lock loop allows the same soil contact blades to feed signals to both a soil EC signal conditioning circuit and a soil moisture signal conditioning circuit. The soil moisture data can be used to calibrate the soil EC data and the soil reflectance data to compensate for effects of changing soil moisture conditions across a field. The sensor module can be positioned behind a seed tube and used as a seed firmer, or incorporated into a seed tube guard.
Abstract:
A soil mapping system for collecting and mapping soil reflectance data in a field includes an implement having a furrow opener for creating a furrow and an optical module. The optical module is arranged to collect soil reflectance data at a predetermined depth within the furrow as the implement traverses a field. The optical module includes two monochromatic light sources, a window arranged to press against the soil, and a photodiode for receiving light reflected back from the soil through the window. The two light sources have different wavelengths and are modulated at different frequencies. The photodiode provides a modulated voltage output signal that contains reflectance data from both of the light sources. Additional measurement devices are carried by the implement for collecting additional soil property data, such as electrical conductivity, pH, and elevation, which can be used together with the optical data to determine variations in soil organic matter.
Abstract:
A soil profile sensing and sampling device has a soil probe and a linear actuator for applying downforce to insert the soil probe into the soil. The soil probe can be a soil sensing probe or a soil coring probe. A shuttle system is configured to allow insertion of the soil probe into the soil to a depth that exceeds a stroke length of the linear actuator. The sensing probe can be equipped with a plurality of sensors for sensing soil EC, soil optical reflectance, soil capacitance, and soil compactness. The soil data collected by the sensors can be used in a pedotransfer function to estimate soil bulk density. The soil probe can be operated in an automatic probe sampling sequence to insert the soil probe into the soil when a sampling distance interval has been met and a horizontal speed of the soil probe is approximately zero.
Abstract:
A row crop implement with various sensors for measuring properties of soil while performing normal planting or other operations. The sensors include a plurality of flexible tine assemblies used as electrodes for measuring soil EC. The flexible tine assemblies each have a lower end arranged to contact soil, and an upper end with a coil spring configuration attached to an electrically isolated support structure. The coil spring configuration allows the flexible tine to flex rearwardly to shed residue and clear obstructions. The flexible tine is arranged behind a soil engaging tool, such as an opener assembly or a residue clearing device, with the lower end contacting soil exposed by the soil engaging tool. Other soil sensors on the implement include sensor modules positioned in furrows behind the opener assemblies, and non-contact optical sensors arranged to measure reflectance of soil exposed by the opener assemblies.