公开(公告)号：US4162404A

公开(公告)日：1979-07-24

申请号：US930361

申请日：1978-08-02

申请人： Wade L. Fite ,  Richard L. Myers ,  Richard T. Brackmann

发明人： Wade L. Fite ,  Richard L. Myers ,  Richard T. Brackmann

IPC分类号： G01N27/62 ,  H01J49/02 ,  H01J27/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/626 ,  H01J49/025

摘要： A method and apparatus for monitoring particulates which are borne by a surrounding gaseous medium, such as found in smokestacks or the like, through interception of the particulates by a hot filament having a bias potential in the range of about 100 to 1000 volts whereupon each particulate decomposes into a burst of ions which is collected by a nearby electrode at ground potential, by counting those bursts which produce a predetermined total charge and, at the same time, measuring the DC electric current produced by the bursts and other ion exchange between the hot filament and the electrode. The filament operates at a temperature level wherein infrared and visible radiations are emitted, such radiations being monitored by a phototransistor which receives the radiations. The electrical signal from the phototransistor is employed in a feedback loop whereby the power to the filament is automatically either increased or decreased, and manually regulated within limits to maintain the detected radiation level and therefore the filament temperature at a prescribed value.

摘要翻译： 一种用于监测由周围的气体介质承载的颗粒的方法和装置，例如在烟囱等中发现的，通过具有约100至1000伏范围内的偏置电位的热丝截留微粒，由此每个颗粒 通过对产生预定总电荷的脉冲串进行计数，同时测量由脉冲和其他离子交换产生的直流电流，分解成由接地电位附近的电极收集的离子脉冲 灯丝和电极。 灯丝在其中发射红外线和可见光辐射的温度水平下工作，这样的辐射由接受辐射的光电晶体管监控。 来自光电晶体管的电信号用于反馈回路，由此对灯丝的功率自动地增加或减小，并且在极限内手动调节以保持检测到的辐射水平，并且因此将灯丝温度保持在规定值。

公开(公告)号：US4814613A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-21

申请号：US22647

申请日：1987-03-06

申请人： Wade L. Fite ,  Suhas N. Ketkar

发明人： Wade L. Fite ,  Suhas N. Ketkar

IPC分类号： H01J49/42 ,  H01J49/36

CPC分类号： H01J49/005 ,  H01J49/067 ,  H01J49/421

摘要： Methods and apparatus for improving the performance of triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometers consisting of constructing the collision cell surrounding the second quadrupole structure, into which collision gas is admitted, with end plates composed of leaky dielectric material which appear to radio-frequency electric fields as a dielectric and to dc electric fields as a conductor. The result is that the rf fringe fields extend farther away from the ends of the poles of the first and third analyzing quadrupole mass filter than do the dc fringe fields, thus keeping the ions on stable trajectories in the regions between the analyzing quadrupoles and the end plates of the collision cell, and improving the transmission of ions. The effect is enhanced by applying the same frequency and phase of the ac voltages applied to all three quadrupole structures.

摘要翻译： 用于提高三重四极串联质谱仪性能的方法和装置，包括构成碰撞气体的第二四极结构周围的碰撞气室，其中由作为射频电场的泄漏介电材料构成的端板由作为 电介质和直流电场作为导体。 结果是，与直流条纹场相比，射频边缘场距离第一和第三分析四极杆质量过滤器的极点的端部更远，从而将离子保持在分析四极杆和末端之间的区域中的稳定轨迹上 碰撞池的板，并改善离子的透过率。 通过施加施加到所有三个四极结构的交流电压的相同频率和相位来增强效果。

公开(公告)号：US4093855A

公开(公告)日：1978-06-06

申请号：US711231

申请日：1976-08-03

申请人： Wade L. Fite ,  Richard L. Myers

发明人： Wade L. Fite ,  Richard L. Myers

IPC分类号： G01N27/62 ,  H01J49/02 ,  H01J39/34

CPC分类号： H01J49/025 ,  G01N27/626

摘要： A hot surface detector for heavy ions following their separation on the basis of charge-to-mass ratio. Upon striking the hot surface, the heavy ions decompose and give up their lighter constituent and/or impurity atoms and molecules to the surface. Those constituent and/or impurity atoms and molecules with ionization potentials or electron affinities comparable to the work function of the hot surface become surface ionized and are emitted from the surface as a burst of either positive or negative ions which are then detected by conventional means, including detection at an electrode, by an electron multiplier or by a mass spectrometric detector for light ions. Where negative ions are to be detected, a magnetic field is applied to prevent electrons from the hot surface from reaching the detector.

摘要翻译： 基于电荷与质量比分离后的重离子热表面检测器。 在撞击热表面时，重离子分解并将其较轻的成分和/或杂质原子和分子放弃到表面。 具有与热表面的功函数相当的电离电位或电子亲和力的那些成分和/或杂质原子和分子变得表面电离，并且从表面发射为正或负离子的脉冲，然后通过常规方法检测， 包括通过电子倍增器或用于轻离子的质谱检测器在电极处的检测。 当要检测负离子时，施加磁场以防止来自热表面的电子到达检测器。

公开(公告)号：US4013887A

公开(公告)日：1977-03-22

申请号：US539587

申请日：1975-01-08

申请人： Wade L. Fite

发明人： Wade L. Fite

IPC分类号： H01J1/52 ,  H01J49/42 ,  H01J1/00 ,  H01J39/34

CPC分类号： H01J49/4215 ,  H01J1/52 ,  H01J49/06

摘要： Methods for spatially separating ac and dc electric fields in which materials are used having characteristics as dielectrics to the ac fields and as conductors to the dc fields. The apparatus for separating the fields utilizes homogeneous materials of moderate to high resistivity. The method is applied to the separation of fringe fields near the ends of quadrupole mass filters for the purpose of improving the efficiency of ejection and transmission of ions in mass filter devices.

公开(公告)号：US3936634A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-03

申请号：US531375

申请日：1974-12-10

申请人： Wade L. Fite

发明人： Wade L. Fite

IPC分类号： H01J49/42 ,  H01J39/34

CPC分类号： H01J49/4215 ,  H01J49/06

摘要： Application of dc potentials of values other than ground to materials which appear as conductors to dc and low frequency ac electric fields and as dielectrics to high frequency ac electric fields in order to compensate for changes of potential due to ion and electron currents reaching the material and/or to provide for improved focusing of the ions, particularly with large ion currents, into a quadrupole mass filter.

摘要翻译： 将直流电压作为直流和低频交流电场的导体应用于直流和低频交流电场的导体，以及作为高频交流电场的电介质，以补偿由于到达材料的离子和电子电流引起的电位变化， /或提供改进的离子聚焦，特别是大的离子电流聚焦到四极质量过滤器中。

公开(公告)号：US4209693A

公开(公告)日：1980-06-24

申请号：US930360

申请日：1978-08-02

申请人： Wade L. Fite ,  Richard L. Myers

发明人： Wade L. Fite ,  Richard L. Myers

IPC分类号： G01N27/62 ,  H01J49/02 ,  G01N27/78

CPC分类号： H01J49/025 ,  G01N27/626

摘要： A method and apparatus for monitoring particulates which are borne by a surrounding gaseous medium, such as found in smokestack or the like, through interception of the particulates by a hot filament having a bias potential in the range of about 100 to 1000 volts whereupon each particulate decomposes into a burst of ions which is collected by a nearby electrode at ground potential, by counting those bursts which produce a predetermined total charge and, at the same time, measuring the DC electric current produced by the bursts and other ion exchange between the hot filament and the electrode. The filament operates at a temperature level wherein infrared and visible radiations are emitted, such radiations being monitored by a phototransistor which receives the radiations. The electrical signal from the phototransistor is employed in a feedback loop whereby the power to the filament is either increased or decreased to maintain the detected radiation level and therefore the filament temperature at a prescribed value.

摘要翻译： 用于监测由周围气体介质承载的颗粒的方法和装置，例如在烟囱等中发现的，通过具有约100至1000伏特范围内的偏置电位的热丝截留微粒，因此每个颗粒 通过对产生预定总电荷的脉冲串进行计数，同时测量由脉冲和其他离子交换产生的直流电流，分解成由接地电位附近的电极收集的离子脉冲 灯丝和电极。 灯丝在其中发射红外线和可见光辐射的温度水平下工作，这样的辐射由接受辐射的光电晶体管监控。 来自光电晶体管的电信号用于反馈回路，由此对灯丝的功率增加或减小，以保持检测到的辐射水平，从而将灯丝温度保持在规定值。

公开(公告)号：US4146787A

公开(公告)日：1979-03-27

申请号：US769696

申请日：1977-02-17

申请人： Wade L. Fite

发明人： Wade L. Fite

IPC分类号： H01J49/48 ,  H01J39/00

CPC分类号： H01J49/48

摘要： The selection of charged particles having a narrow band of kinetic energies from emitted charged particles having a wider band of kinetic energies by repulsing those particles having energies less than the lower energy in the transmitted energy band through means of a similarly charged barrier and in the same device insufficiently deflecting the higher energy particles which pass the barrier by a field provided beyond the barrier whereby they fail to pass through an exit aperture. Thus only particles having energies within the desired band pass through an exit aperture which is disposed on the opposite side of the barrier. The pass band of energies is variable in width and location, and the width of the band may be independent or a function of the energy in the band depending on the potentials applied to the barrier and the strength of the field beyond the barrier. When used as an anaylzer for secondary ions which are to be mass analyzed, a thermionic electron source within the analyzer provides a source of ions representative of the residual gas in the vacuum for the purposes of residual gas analysis.

公开(公告)号：US3973121A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-03

申请号：US465163

申请日：1974-04-29

申请人： Wade L. Fite ,  Richard L. Myers

发明人： Wade L. Fite ,  Richard L. Myers

IPC分类号： G01N27/62 ,  H01J49/02 ,  H01J39/34

CPC分类号： G01N27/626 ,  H01J49/025

摘要： A hot surface detector for heavy ions following their separation on the basis of charge-to-mass ratio. Upon striking the hot surface, the heavy ions decompose and give up their lighter constituent and/or impurity atoms and molecules to the surface. Those constituent and/or impurity atoms and molecules with ionization potentials or electron affinities comparable to the work function of the hot surface become surface ionized and are emitted from the surface as a burst of either positive or negative ions which are then detected by conventional means, including detection at an electrode, by an electron multiplier or by a mass spectrometric detector for light ions. Where negative ions are to be detected, a magnetic field is applied to prevent electrons from the hot surface from reaching the detector.

公开(公告)号：US5142143A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-25

申请号：US784068

申请日：1991-10-30

申请人： Wade L. Fite ,  Stephen M. Penn

发明人： Wade L. Fite ,  Stephen M. Penn

IPC分类号： G01M3/20 ,  G01N1/34 ,  G01N33/00

CPC分类号： G01N1/405 ,  G01M3/202 ,  G01N33/0049 ,  Y10T436/24 ,  Y10T436/255

摘要： A preconcentrator for analyzing trace constituents in gases wherein a sample gas is introduced to a confined sorbent which thereafter is evacuated by a vacuum pump and a low-pressure carrier gas passes through the sorbent while it is desorbing, wherein the desorbed trace constituents are carried by the carrier gas to a detector that operates at low pressure such as a mass spectrometer. Because the mass of the carrier gas which carries the desorbed trace consituents to the detector is at a lower pressure and therefore has less density than the sample gas, the relative mass of trace constituents in the carrier gas is much greater than in the sample gas. The sample gas can be hot to assist desorption or a gas which reacts with trace constituents of interest to improve their detection. Valves located in the system between the sample gas intake, the carrier gas supply, the vacuum pump for the system and the detector operate to admit the sample gas, isolate the system, create a vacuum in the system, establish the sample gas flow, and to carry the trace consituents to the detector. Preconcentrators can be placed in parallel, whereby when one is desorbing and analyzing trace elements, the other is receiving the sample gas.

摘要翻译： 用于分析气体中的微量成分的预浓缩器，其中将样品气体引入限制吸附剂，其后由真空泵抽真空，并且低压载气在解吸时通过吸附剂，其中解吸的痕量组分由 将载气输送到在低压下操作的检测器，例如质谱仪。 由于携带检测器的解吸痕迹的载气的质量处于较低的压力，因此具有比样品气体更小的密度，所以载气中微量成分的相对质量远远大于样品气体中的相对质量。 样品气体可以是热的以辅助解吸，或与感兴趣的微量成分反应​​的气体以改善其检测。 位于系统中的样品气体入口，载气供应，系统真空泵和检测器之间的阀操作以允许样品气体，隔离系统，在系统中产生真空，建立样气流，以及 将跟踪成分携带到检测器。 预浓缩器可以平行放置，当一个解析和分析微量元素时，另一个是接收样品气体。

公开(公告)号：US4209696A

公开(公告)日：1980-06-24

申请号：US14948

申请日：1979-02-26

申请人： Wade L. Fite

发明人： Wade L. Fite

IPC分类号： H01J49/04 ,  B01D59/44

CPC分类号： H01J49/04 ,  H01J49/165 ,  G01N30/7266

摘要： Methods and apparatus for mass analysis of molecular constituents of liquids, including minor constituents, in which an electrospray technique produces electrically charged droplets which divide and evaporate to form gaseous ions of the molecular constituents. The ions are then drawn through suitable differential pumping and focusing arrangements into a mass-to-charge analyzer. A charged capillary tube extending into a small chamber couples a liquid chromatograph or other source of liquid with a mass spectrometer, the electrospray technique being applied in the small chamber as a result of a charged liquid discharged from the capillary tube.

摘要翻译： 用于质量分析液体的分子成分的方法和装置，包括次要组分，其中电喷雾技术产生分离和蒸发以形成分子组分的气态离子的带电液滴。 然后通过合适的差分泵浦和聚焦装置将离子吸入质量到电荷分析仪中。 延伸到小室中的带电毛细管将液相色谱仪或其它液体源与质谱仪耦合，由于从毛细管排出的带电液体，电喷雾技术被施加在小室中。