公开(公告)号：US20050264823A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-01

申请号：US10856204

申请日：2004-05-28

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  John Bockman

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  John Bockman

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01V8/14 ,  G02B5/04

CPC分类号： G01B9/02019 ,  G01B9/02045 ,  G01B9/02059 ,  G01B2290/15 ,  G01B2290/70

摘要： Measurement systems that separate polarization components can use retroreflectors to preserve or transform polarization and avoid unwanted mixing of the polarization components. A suitable retroreflector can include a coated cube corner reflector with retardation plates having a slow axis set at a non-zero angle away from 45° with the directions of linearly polarized component beam. The non-zero angle can be set in situ to minimize polarization mixing in a measurement system. Alternatively, a cube corner reflector with one or more polarization manipulating elements controls the polarization of a reflected beam to preserve or transform the polarization of an incident beam.

摘要翻译： 分离偏振分量的测量系统可以使用后向反射器来保留或转换偏振，并避免偏振分量的不期望的混合。 合适的后向反射器可以包括具有延迟板的涂覆的立体角反射器，其具有以与线偏振分量光束的方向成45°的非零角度设定的慢轴。 可以在原位设置非零角度，以使测量系统中的极化混合最小化。 或者，具有一个或多个偏振操纵元件的立体角反射器控制反射光束的偏振，以保持或变换入射光束的偏振。

公开(公告)号：US20050264822A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-01

申请号：US10857053

申请日：2004-05-28

申请人： John Bockman ,  Ludmila Golyanskaya ,  Kenneth Wayne ,  Miao Zhu

发明人： John Bockman ,  Ludmila Golyanskaya ,  Kenneth Wayne ,  Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G02B7/00

CPC分类号： G01B9/02057 ,  G01B9/02003 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02049 ,  G01B9/02072 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J2009/0261 ,  G02B7/006

摘要： An interferometer system includes a plane mirror interferometer, a turning mirror, a retardation plate assembly having a retardation plate that can be adjusted and then fixed, and a retroreflector. A light beam travels in a path comprising the plane mirror interferometer, the turning mirror, the retardation plate assembly, and the retroreflector. The retardation plate assembly may include a plurality of bearings, a ring riding on the bearings, the retardation plate mounted to the ring, and a plunger pushing the ring against the bearings. The retardation plate may be fixed by adhesive after determining an orientation that produces little polarization leakage in the system.

摘要翻译： 干涉仪系统包括平面镜干涉仪，转向镜，具有能够被调整然后固定的延迟板的相位差板组件和后向反射器。 光束在包括平面镜干涉仪，转向镜，延迟板组件和后向反射器的路径中行进。 延迟板组件可以包括多个轴承，骑在轴承上的环，安装到环上的相位差板和将环推到轴承上的柱塞。 在确定在系统中几乎不产生极化泄漏的取向之后，可以通过粘合剂固定延迟板。

公开(公告)号：US20080304079A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-11

申请号：US12172810

申请日：2008-07-14

申请人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Gerry Owen ,  Carol Courville

发明人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Gerry Owen ,  Carol Courville

IPC分类号： G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02018 ,  G01B9/02003 ,  G01B9/02019 ,  G01B9/02022 ,  G01B2290/15 ,  G01B2290/30 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01D5/34715 ,  G01D5/38 ,  G03F7/70775 ,  G03F7/7085 ,  G03F9/7049 ,  G03F9/7088

摘要： A sensor head for use with a measurement grating is described. The sensor head comprises: a splitter grating configured to split a light beam into first and second measurement beams; a first retroreflector configured to retroreflect the first and second measurement beams toward the measurement grating; and a second retroreflector configured to retroreflect the first and second measurement beams toward the measurement grating. In one embodiment the second measurement beam is diffracted by the measurement grating to form first and second sub-beams and one of the first and second sub-beams comprises a zeroth order diffraction component and a first order diffraction component. In another embodiment, the first and second sub-beams each comprise a zeroth order diffraction component and a first order diffraction component.

摘要翻译： 描述了与测量光栅一起使用的传感器头。 传感器头包括：分束器光栅，被配置为将光束分成第一和第二测量光束; 第一后向反射器，被配置为将所述第一和第二测量光束向所述测量光栅反向反射; 以及第二后向反射器，被配置为将第一和第二测量光束向后向反射向测量光栅。 在一个实施例中，第二测量光束被测量光栅衍射以形成第一和第二子光束，并且第一和第二子光束中的一个包括零级衍射分量和一阶衍射分量。 在另一个实施例中，第一和第二子光束各自包括零级衍射分量和一阶衍射分量。

公开(公告)号：US20080225262A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-18

申请号：US11686855

申请日：2007-03-15

申请人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Carol J. Courville

发明人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Carol J. Courville

IPC分类号： G01C3/08 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G02B5/30

CPC分类号： G01D5/38 ,  G01D5/28 ,  G03F7/70775

摘要： A displacement measurement apparatus includes a light source, a splitter grating, a measurement grating, and first a second detector arrays. The splitter grating splits a light beam into first and second measurement channels that each illuminates the measurement grating. The first and second measurement channels split into 0th and 1st order diffraction products at the measurement grating in a first pass and recombine at the measurement grating in a second pass before being measured at the first and second detector arrays.

摘要翻译： 位移测量装置包括光源，分离器光栅，测量光栅以及第一检测器阵列。 分离器光栅将光束分成第一和第二测量通道，每个测量通道照亮测量光栅。 第一和第二测量通道在第一次通过时在测量光栅处分裂为0和/或1阶衍射产物，并在第二次通过期间在测量光栅处重新组合，之后为 在第一和第二检测器阵列处测量。

公开(公告)号：US07279337B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

申请号：US10797651

申请日：2004-03-10

申请人： Miao Zhu

发明人： Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： G01N35/00 ,  G01N33/48 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N15/06 ,  C12Q1/68

CPC分类号： G01N33/48721 ,  C12Q1/6825 ,  C12Q1/6869 ,  Y10T436/11 ,  C12Q2565/607 ,  C12Q2565/629

摘要： Systems and methods of identifying molecules of polymers such as, for example, a nucleic acid, are described. The method involves centering a bias voltage across a pair of nanoelectrodes separated by a channel that corresponds to one of any of the energy differences between any two internal energy levels of a molecule of interest, and modulating the bias voltage with a modulation waveform while the molecule of interest is in the channel. An electrical signal characteristic of the molecule of interest is derived from the tunneling current between the nanoelectrodes, and the characteristic electrical signal is compared with known values of the signal for chemically-known molecules in order to identify the molecule of interest. Multiple pairs of nano-electrodes may be employed to identify more reliably a single molecule or multiple molecules.

摘要翻译： 描述了鉴定聚合物分子例如核酸的系统和方法。 该方法包括将偏置电压对准通过对应于感兴趣的分子的任何两个内部能级之间的任何能量差中的任何一个的通道分开的一对纳米电极，并且利用调制波形调制偏置电压 感兴趣的是在渠道。 感兴趣的分子的电信号特征来源于纳米电极之间的隧道电流，并且将特征电信号与化学已知分子的信号的已知值进行比较，以便鉴定感兴趣的分子。 可以使用多对纳米电极来更可靠地识别单个分子或多个分子。

公开(公告)号：US20070097376A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-03

申请号：US11263691

申请日：2005-11-01

申请人： Carol Courville ,  Miao Zhu ,  Kerry Bagwell

发明人： Carol Courville ,  Miao Zhu ,  Kerry Bagwell

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G02F1/332 ,  G01B9/02003 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G02F2201/16

摘要： A light source system includes a beam source generating a first input beam of light. An anisotropic acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is positioned to receive the first input beam. The AOM includes a plurality of transducers for receiving control signals and generating corresponding acoustic waves that operate on the first input beam to generate first and second output beams with different frequencies and orthogonal linear polarizations. The first and second output beams have a combined optical power that is substantially the same as an optical power of the first input beam for a first input beam with one polarization and for a first input beam with two polarizations.

摘要翻译： 光源系统包括产生第一输入光束的光束源。 定位各向异性声光调制器（AOM）以接收第一输入光束。 AOM包括多个换能器，用于接收控制信号并产生在第一输入波束上操作的对应声波，以产生具有不同频率和正交线性偏振的第一和第二输出波束。 第一和第二输出光束具有与用于具有一个偏振的第一输入光束的第一输入光束的光功率和具有两个偏振的第一输入光束基本相同的组合光功率。

公开(公告)号：US20050207456A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-22

申请号：US10805005

申请日：2004-03-18

申请人： John Berberian ,  Leonard Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

发明人： John Berberian ,  Leonard Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： G01N21/39 ,  G04F5/14 ,  H03K17/945 ,  H03L7/26 ,  H01S3/113

CPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring CPT is disclosed. The apparatus includes a quantum absorber that is irradiated by radiation from an electromagnetic radiation source. The quantum absorber includes a material that exhibits CPT. The electromagnetic radiation source generates electromagnetic radiation having first and second CPT-generating frequency components. The first CPT-generating frequency component has a frequency νL−ν, and a first CPT component amplitude. The second CPT generating frequency component has a frequency νL+ν and a second CPT component amplitude. The apparatus also includes a detector for generating a detector signal related to the power of electromagnetic radiation that leaves the quantum absorber. The detector signal exhibits an asymmetry as a function of frequency ν in a frequency range about a frequency ν0. The apparatus includes an asymmetry servo loop that alters one of νL, the first CPT component amplitude, and the second CPT component amplitude to reduce the asymmetry.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量CPT的装置和方法。 该装置包括由来自电磁辐射源的辐射照射的量子吸收器。 量子吸收器包括展示CPT的材料。 电磁辐射源产生具有第一和第二CPT产生频率分量的电磁辐射。 第一CPT产生频率分量具有频率nuL-nu和第一CPT分量幅度。 第二CPT产生频率分量具有频率nuLL + nu和第二CPT分量振幅。 该装置还包括用于产生与离开量子吸收器的电磁辐射功率相关的检测器信号的检测器。 检测器信号表现出在频率nu <0> 0的频率范围内作为频率nu的函数的不对称性。 该装置包括不对称伺服环路，其改变第一CPT分量振幅和第二CPT分量振幅中的一个，以减小不对称性。

公开(公告)号：US20050202444A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-15

申请号：US10797651

申请日：2004-03-10

申请人： Miao Zhu

发明人： Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： G01N27/416 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01N33/48

CPC分类号： G01N33/48721 ,  C12Q1/6825 ,  C12Q1/6869 ,  Y10T436/11 ,  C12Q2565/607 ,  C12Q2565/629

摘要： Systems and methods of identifying molecules of polymers such as, for example, a nucleic acid, are described. The method involves centering a bias voltage across a pair of nano-electrodes separated by a channel that corresponds to one of any of the energy differences between any two internal energy levels of a molecule of interest, and modulating the bias voltage with a modulation waveform while the molecule of interest is in the channel. An electrical signal characteristic of the molecule of interest is derived from the tunneling current between the nano-electrodes, and the characteristic electrical signal is compared with known values of the signal for chemically-known molecules in order to identify the molecule of interest. Multiple pairs of nano-electrodes may be employed to identify more reliably a single molecule or multiple molecules.

摘要翻译： 描述了鉴定聚合物分子例如核酸的系统和方法。 该方法包括将通过对应于感兴趣的分子的任何两个内部能级之间的任何能量差中的任一个的通道分开的一对纳米电极对中的偏置电压，并且用调制波形调制偏置电压， 感兴趣的分子在通道中。 感兴趣的分子的电信号特征来源于纳米电极之间的隧道电流，并且将特征电信号与化学已知分子的信号的已知值进行比较，以便鉴定感兴趣的分子。 可以使用多对纳米电极来更可靠地识别单个分子或多个分子。

公开(公告)号：US06836357B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-28

申请号：US10006435

申请日：2001-12-04

申请人： Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Miao Zhu ,  Zuhua Zhu ,  Haiqing Wei ,  Saif M. Islam

发明人： Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Miao Zhu ,  Zuhua Zhu ,  Haiqing Wei ,  Saif M. Islam

IPC分类号： H01S300

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/3413 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S5/5027 ,  H01S5/5063 ,  H01S5/5072 ,  H01S2301/02

摘要： A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) apparatus and related methods are described. The SOA comprises a signal waveguide for guiding an optical signal along a signal path, and further comprises one or more laser cavities having a gain medium lying outside the signal waveguide, the gain medium being sufficiently close to the signal waveguide such that, when the gain medium is pumped with an excitation current, the optical signal traveling down the signal waveguide is amplified by an evanescent coupling effect with the laser cavity. When the gain medium is sufficiently pumped to cause lasing action in the laser cavity, gain-clamped amplification of the optical signal is achieved. Additional features relating to segmented laser cavities, separate pumping of laser cavity segments, DFB/DBR gratings, current profiling to improve ASE noise performance, coupled-cavity lasers, avoidance of injection locking effects, manipulation of gain curve peaks, integration with a tunable vertical cavity coupler, integration with a photodetector, integration with an RZ signal modulator, and other described features may be used with the evanescent coupling case or with an SOA having a laser cavity gain medium that is coextensive with the gain medium of the signal waveguide.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种半导体光放大器（SOA）装置及相关方法。 SOA包括用于沿着信号路径引导光信号的信号波导，并且还包括一个或多个具有位于信号波导外部的增益介质的激光腔，增益介质足够靠近信号波导，使得当增益 介质用激励电流泵浦，沿信号波导下行的光信号通过与激光腔的ev逝耦合效应放大。 当增益介质被充分泵送以在激光腔中引起激光作用时，实现光信号的增益钳位放大。 与分段激光腔相关的附加特征，激光腔段的独立泵浦，DFB / DBR光栅，电流分析以改善ASE噪声性能，耦合腔激光器，避免注入锁定效应，操纵增益曲线峰值，与可调谐垂直线 空腔耦合器，与光电检测器的集成，与RZ信号调制器的集成以及其它所描述的特征可以与ev逝耦合壳体或具有与信号波导的增益介质共同延伸的激光腔增益介质的SOA一起使用。

公开(公告)号：US06201821B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-13

申请号：US09587719

申请日：2000-06-05

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler

IPC分类号： H01S313

CPC分类号： G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： The frequency standard comprises a quantum absorber, a source of incident electro-magnetic radiation, a detector, a frequency difference controller, a spectrum controller and a frequency standard output. The quantum absorber has transitions including a first transition between a first lower quantum state and an upper quantum state, and a second transition between a second lower quantum state and the upper quantum state. The first transition and the second transition have energies that correspond to frequencies of &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively. The lower quantum states differ in energy by an energy difference subject to a total a.c. Stark shift. The source of incident electro-magnetic radiation is arranged to irradiate the quantum absorber. The incident electro-magnetic radiation includes main frequency components at frequencies of &OHgr;1 and &OHgr;2, equal to &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively, and additionally includes additional frequency components collectively having a spectrum. The detector is arranged to receive electro-magnetic radiation from the quantum absorber and generates a detection signal in response to the received electro-magnetic radiation. The frequency difference controller controls the source to generate the main frequency components with a difference in frequency that obtains an extremum in the detection signal. The extremum indicates that the difference in frequency corresponds to the energy difference. The spectrum controller sets the spectrum of the additional frequency components to reduce the magnitude of the total a.c. Stark shift. The frequency standard output a frequency standard signal related in frequency to the difference in frequency.

摘要翻译： 频率标准包括量子吸收器，入射电磁辐射源，检测器，频率差分控制器，频谱控制器和频率标准输出。 量子吸收器具有包括第一低量子态和上量子态之间的第一跃迁和第二较低量子态与上量子态之间的第二跃迁的跃迁。 第一转变和第二转换分别具有对应于ω1和ω2的频率的能量。 较低的量子状态在能量上不同，能量差异受到总的交流电压的影响。 斯塔克转变 入射电磁辐射源设置为照射量子吸收器。 入射的电磁辐射包括在OMEGA1和OMEGA2频率处的主要频率分量，分别等于ω1和ω2，并且还包括共同具有频谱的附加频率分量。 检测器被布置成接收来自量子吸收器的电磁辐射并且响应于接收到的电磁辐射产生检测信号。 频差控制器控制源以产生具有在检测信号中获得极值的频率差的主频率分量。 极值表示频率差异对应于能量差异。 频谱控制器设置附加频率分量的频谱，以减小总直流电平的幅度。 斯塔克转变 频率标准输出频率与频率差异相关的频率标准信号。