摘要:
An annular member is placed on a forming profile of a convex die without fixing the annular member to the convex die. Then, the convex die is moved toward a concave die which has an axis inclining with respect to an axis of the convex die. When the convex die is moved toward the concave die, the concave die is revolved around the axis of the convex die. The concave die does not revolve about its own axis. Revolving the concave die around the axis of the convex die may be replaced by forcibly rotating the convex die about its own axis. When a compression load is imposed on the annular member, opposed ends of the annular member are formed simultaneously.
摘要:
In an electricity storage system that has a plurality of secondary battery packs, at the time of switching the object that is to be charged from a first secondary battery pack to a second secondary battery pack that has voltage across terminals lower than that of the first secondary battery pack, by causing a current-limiting circuit of the second secondary battery pack to operate, forms a path for the flow of a charging current for charging secondary batteries that are provided in the second secondary battery pack, and starts charging of the second secondary battery pack while limiting the charging current to a fixed value or less by means of the current-limiting circuit.
摘要:
Remaining capacity calculation section (110) calculates remaining capacities for each of cells (300-1) and (300-2) connected in parallel with each other, and control section (130) stops, after starting discharge of cells (300-1) and (300-2), discharge of one of cells (300-1) and (300-2) whose remaining capacity calculated by remaining capacity calculation section (110) has become equal to a threshold value stored in storage section (120).
摘要:
A secondary battery voltage detecting system includes: a battery group in which lithium ion secondary batteries are connected in series; a charging and discharging switch that is connected between the battery group and an output terminal and performs charging and discharging; abnormality detectors that divide the batteries of the battery group into blocks and that detect battery voltages; a CPU that performs arithmetic processing of respective detection signals of protection elements including the abnormality detectors; first voltage level converters that make voltage references of the detection signals uniform between the protection elements and the CPU; and second voltage level converters connected between the abnormality detectors and the first voltage level converters. The CPU outputs, at a time interval set in advance, a signal for causing the second voltage level converters to operate and electrically isolates or connects paths between the detectors and the first voltage level converters.
摘要:
In a slave electromagnetic flow meter, the synchronization signal from a master electromagnetic flow meter (that is, a master electromagnetic signal) MPs is monitored, and if the master synchronization signal MPs ceases to be received, then the synchronization signal used for the flow rate measurement is switched to a synchronization signal Ps that is generated by the synchronization signal generating unit of the slave electromagnetic flow meter, and the switched synchronization signal Ps is defined as the master synchronization signal MPs′ for the slave electromagnetic flow meter in the next stage.
摘要:
A method for process control to minimize hunting using a controller wherein a PID arithmetic operation is performed with respect to a deviation of a setting parameter and a processed variable fed back from a process, and a resultant manipulation variable is applied to the process including the steps of monitoring the waveforms of the setting parameter and the processed variable from the process to obtain an oscillation period of the deviation, identifying process characteristics of the process, obtaining a phase angle of a frequency response of an open-loop transfer function of a system from the oscillation period and the process characteristics, and detecting a hunting of the process by the magnitude of the phase angle. A process control system includes a self-tuning controller having a control means for performing a PID arithmetic operation with respect to a deviation between a setting parameter and a processed variable fed back from a process, process identification means for identifying process characteristics and determining optimal PID parameters, monitoring means for monitoring the waveforms of the setting parameter and the processed variable from the process to obtain an oscillation period of the deviation, means for obtaining a phase angle of a frequency response of an open-loop transfer function of the process obtained from the oscillation period and process characteristics, means for detecting a hunting of the process by the magnitude of the phase angle, and means for performing a tuning operation of the controller in accordance with the detecting result by the means for detecting.
摘要:
A method of determining PID parameters for PID control by a PID controller having proportional, integral and derivative operating portions including the steps of monitoring a limit cycle generated in a controlled process to obtain characteristics of the process, continuing process control in a tuning mode where a nonlinear element is inserted preceding a proportional operation portion and at the same time an integral operation portion is connected in parallel to the series connection of the nonlinear element and the proportional operation portion and the derivative operation portion is removed from operation and determining optimum PID parameters to be used for succeeding process control on the basis of the results of the limit cycle monitoring. A controller utilizing the above method includes a nonlinear element, a switch for inserting the nonlinear element into a stage preceding the proportional operation portion and at the same time connecting the integral operation portion in parallel to the nonlinear element and the proportional operation portion so as to shift control into a tuning mode, a monitoring device for observing a limit cycle generated in the process in the tuning mode, an adjusting apparatus for determining, on the basis of the results of the observation by the monitoring means, optimum PID parameters to be used for process control and for transmitting the parameters to the operation portions, and a control element for actuating the switch to operate upon establishment of predetermined conditions for starting tuning in a normal operation mode and for returing the switch to effect a normal operation mode upon the determination of the PID parameters in the tuning mode.
摘要:
Remaining capacity calculation section (110) calculates remaining capacities for each of cells (300-1) and (300-2) connected in parallel with each other, and control section (130) discharges one of cells (300-1) and (300-2) having priority until the remaining capacity of that cell becomes equal to a second threshold value stored in storage section (120), if the remaining capacity of the one of the cells calculated by remaining capacity calculation section (110) is equal to a first threshold value stored in storage section (120).
摘要:
A power storage system includes a plurality of secondary battery packs and an upper controller. When causing an additional discharge secondary battery pack that is not being discharged to start being discharged by connecting the additional discharge secondary battery pack in parallel with a discharging secondary battery pack that is being discharged, in a state in which some of the secondary battery packs are being discharged, the upper controller predicts discharge start timing at which inter-terminal voltages of the additional discharge secondary battery pack and the discharging secondary battery pack correspond to each other. Subsequently, the upper controller causes the additional discharge secondary battery pack to start being discharged at the discharge start timing.
摘要:
Remaining capacity calculation section (110) calculates the remaining capacity for each of cells (300-1) and (300-2) connected in parallel with each other, and control section (130) stops discharge of the first cell from cells (300-1) and (300-2), whose remaining capacity calculated by remaining capacity calculation section (110), has become equal to a threshold value stored in storage section (120) after the start of discharge of cells (300-1) and (300-2).