摘要:
The present invention provides a white glass container which does not contain a fluorine compound in a significant amount, which has a multi-layer structure derived from a phase separation phenomenon of a glass composition in part or the whole of the white glass container without depending on melting conditions or molding conditions of the glass composition, and which is excellent in mechanical strength or whiteness, and a method of efficiently manufacturing the white glass container.
摘要:
Inexpensive semiconductors are produced by depositing a single crystal or large grained silicon on an inexpensive substrate. These semiconductors are produced at low enough temperatures such as temperatures below the melting point of glass. Semiconductors produced are suitable for semiconductor devices such as photovoltaics or displays.
摘要:
The method for polishing glass products, comprises the following steps: specifying a contour or form or shape of the glass product; detecting the location or position of the glass product; calculating a path for a laser beam on the basis of the contour of the glass product and the location of the glass product; and scanning the path with the laser beam for polishing the glass product in order to fuse mold joints together or smoothen/polish them.
摘要:
In the process a glass tube line is drawn from a glass tube production plant and the glass tube is severed from the glass tube line. At the same time the still heated glass tube is subjected to a selective local heat treatment of the at least one tube end section prior to cooling down completely in order to reduce the stresses in the respective tube end section. Not the entire glass tube but instead only the respective tube end section is subjected to the selective local heat treatment. The heat treatment is performed in particular in such a manner that the mechanical tensile stress in the region between 7 mm and 20 mm from the tube end or ends is reduced to below 6.0 MPa, more preferably to below 4.5 MPa.
摘要:
An exhaust oven for heat treating and simultaneously evacuating cathode ray tubes includes a tunnel structure with a through passageway and temperature control apparatus for providing regulated heating and/or cooling of the atmosphere in one or more longitudinal zones of the passageway. The oven also includes apparatus for conveying the tubes along the passageway and exhaust ducts operatively connected to the necks of the tubes during conveyance to evacuate gases therefrom. Baffles within at least one of the zones of the passageway circulate the atmosphere about the exterior of the tubes. The baffles include at least one inlet directing a flow of atmosphere to impinge onto the face of the screen panel of each tube and one or more outlets in adjacent spaced relationship to side edges of said panel and/or to the neck of the tube for exit of the flow of atmosphere from the baffles.
摘要:
A method for heating a glass sheet includes the steps of heating a glass sheet to a first predetermined temperature and applying microwave energy to the glass sheet to heat the glass sheet to at least a second predetermined temperature to allow the glass sheet to be formed.
摘要:
A spout forming assembly for glassware and a method therefor in which the assembly includes a spout forming device for forming a pour spout on the edge of a piece of glassware, an actuation device for actuating the forming device, and a control device for controlling the actuation device. The method generally includes the steps of: (a) moving a piece of glassware having an edge along a predetermined path; (b) heating the edge; and (c) engaging the edge with forming means to form a spout on the edge of the glassware.
摘要:
Spin cycle apparatus employed in a glass article forming machine to drive article carrying chucks in rotation as the chucks are conveyed through burner sections of the machine. The spin cycle apparatus includes a spin cycle chain mounted on the machine frame to extend along a portion of the path followed by sprockets mounted on the individual chucks. As the chuck is carried along its conveying path, the sprocket engages the chain to cause the chuck to rotate as it is advanced. That section of the chain which is initially contacted by chuck sprockets is aligned at an angle convergent to the sprocket path and is resiliently maintained at a somewhat looser tension than is the main sprocket driving portion of the chain. This distributes the length of the chain over which the randomly oriented sprocket teeth initially engage the chain and cushions the impact between the sprocket teeth and the chain.Two embodiments are disclosed. In one embodiment, the chain is stationary and the rate of spinning rotation of the chuck is dependent upon the conveyor line speed. In the other embodiment, an endless chain having one run located to operatively engage the chuck sprockets is driven by a reversible variable speed motor so that the rate of chuck rotation can be adjusted independently of conveying line speed by appropriate selection of the direction and speed at which the endless spin cycle chain is driven.
摘要:
An apparatus for handling a hollow glass article and forming a finish thereon in a production line. Glass articles, such as containers, having an integrally formed moil portion on the upper end of the container body portion are loaded in sequence in an upright position into uniformly spaced chucks on the upper run of a continuously moving endless conveyor. The conveyor carries the container around a vertical end turn to enable the moil to drop freely upon severance by a burner assembly extending along the lower run of the conveyor. The conveyor is of the endless chain type with container chucks mounted upon transversely extending link pins of the chain, the chain being guided throughout its path by stationary track assemblies upon which chain carried rollers are supported. A main drive sprocket is drivingly engaged with both the upper and lower runs of the chain at a location between the end turns, while a second or slave drive sprocket engages the lower run of the chain only. Tension in that portion of the lower run of the chain between the points at which it is engaged by the main and slave sprockets is regulated by adjusting the speed of the slave drive sprocket motor relative to the main sprocket drive motor, this particular section of chain traversing the burner assembly through which a relatively high degree of chain tension is desired. Longitudinally adjustable end turn track sections, combined with the three point engagement between the sprockets and chain enable the tension in various sections of the chain to be regulated or adjusted independently of one another. Parabolic merging sections of the chain track are provided between the horizontal upper and lower runs and the curved end turn sections to minimize centripetal acceleration imparted to chucks carried by the chain as the chucks pass from the straight upper and lower runs to the curved end turn sections.
摘要:
A conveyor comprising a trackway including a pair of parallel, hollow rails, each presenting a horizontal surface and a vertical surface, the horizontal surfaces being disposed in a common plane and the vertical surfaces facing each other, an endless belt of the grid type having an upper run bridging and supported to travel on the horizontal rail surfaces and having depending elements, at intervals in its length, disposed between and guided by the facng rail surfaces, the interiors of the rails being blocked, at intervals in their lengths, to define longitudinally adjacent sections, valve-controlled conduits for supplying gaseous fluid to the interiors of the individual sections, and mechanism to drive the belt, each rail section being provided with one or more ports for directing such fluid through the grid of the belt. In some cases, the fluid is a combustible substance which ignites only after it has passed through the belt to bathe glassware supported upon the belt in flames. In other instances the fluid may be atmospheric or chilled or heated air. In a preferred embodiment, the belt may be flexible not only about transverse axes but also about perpendicular axes, in which case the trackway may include curves.