Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of determining a complex-valued field relating to a sample measured using an imaging system. The method comprises obtaining image data relating to a series of images of the sample, imaged at an image plane of the imaging system, and for which at least two different modulation functions are imposed in a Fourier plane of the imaging system; and determining the complex-valued field from the imaging data based on the imposed modulation functions.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of determining a complex-valued field relating to a structure, comprising: obtaining image data relating to a series of images of the structure, for which at least one measurement parameter is varied over the series and obtaining a trained network operable to map a series of images to a corresponding complex-valued field. The method comprises inputting the image data into said trained network and non-iteratively determining the complex-valued field relating to the structure as the output of the trained network. A method of training the trained network is also disclosed.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of inspection for defects on a substrate, such as a reflective reticle substrate, and associated apparatuses. The method comprises performing the inspection using first inspection radiation obtained from a high harmonic generation source and having one or more first wavelengths within a first wavelength range of between 20nm and 150nm. Also disclosed is a method comprising performing (310) a coarse inspection using first inspection radiation having one or more first wavelengths within a first wavelength range; and performing (320) a fine inspection using second inspection radiation having one or more second wavelengths within a second wavelength range, said second wavelength range comprising wavelengths shorter than said first wavelength range.
Abstract:
An optical system delivers illuminating radiation and collects radiation after interaction with a target structure on a substrate. A measurement intensity profile is used to calculate a measurement of the property of the structure. The optical system may include a solid immersion lens. In a calibration method, the optical system is controlled to obtain a first intensity profile using a first illumination profile and a second intensity profile using a second illumination profile. The profiles are used to derive a correction for mitigating the effect of ghost reflections. Using, e.g., half-moon illumination profiles in different orientations, the method can measure ghost reflections even where a SIL would cause total internal reflection. The optical system may include a contaminant detection system to control a movement based on received scattered detection radiation. The optical system may include an optical component having a dielectric coating to enhance evanescent wave interaction.
Abstract:
An alignment system, method and lithographic apparatus are provided for determining the position of an alignment mark, the alignment system comprising a first system configured to produce two overlapping images of the alignment mark that are rotated by around 180 degrees with respect to one another, and a second system configured to determine the position of the alignment mark from a spatial distribution of an intensity of the two overlapping images.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus of detection, registration and quantification of an image is described. The method may include obtaining an image of a lithographically created structure, and applying a level set method to an object, representing the structure, of the image to create a mathematical representation of the structure. The method may include obtaining a first dataset representative of a reference image object of a structure at a nominal condition of a parameter, and obtaining second dataset representative of a template image object of the structure at a non- nominal condition of the parameter. The method may further include obtaining a deformation field representative of changes between the first dataset and the second dataset. The deformation field may be generated by transforming the second dataset to project the template image object onto the reference image object. A dependence relationship between the deformation field and change in the parameter may be obtained.