Abstract:
Silicon nitride coated crucibles for holding melted semiconductor material and for use in preparing multicrystalline silicon ingots by a directional solidification process; methods for coating crucibles; methods for preparing silicon ingots and wafers; compositions for coating crucibles and silicon ingots and wafers with a low oxygen content.
Abstract:
A sensing device is provided. The device comprises a gas permeable member, a sensing member and optical means. The gas permeable member is arranged to receive gas from a substance to be tested. The sensing member is located adjacent to the gas permeable member and comprises a sensing substance. A property of the sensing substance is modified when it is brought into contact with the gas received by the gas permeable member. The optical means comprises a light source which is arranged to irradiate the sensing substance together with a first sensor which is configured to detect a change in the aforementioned property of the sensing substance.
Abstract:
The presently disclosed subject matter related to methods of converting lignocellulosic materials to alcohol that include increasing the fiber consistency of enzymatic hydrolysis mixtures. More particularly, the methods involve contacting lignocellulosic biomass with an enzyme composition for a period of time, and then thickening the mixture and further hydrolyzing the thickened mixture. The thickening can be performed by filtration, optionally reusing the filtrate and/or any enzymes contained therein during the lignocellulose conversion process to increase the efficiency of the process. Hydrolysis of the thickened mixture provides a fermentable sugar mixture having a higher concentration of sugar than fermentable sugar mixtures provided from less concentrated biomass/enzyme mixtures. Compositions comprising alcohol prepared according to the presently disclosed methods are also provided.
Abstract:
A dry lubricant (50) for flexible traction members (10), in particular wire cables and/or stranded ropes for static and/or dynamic loads, is characterized in that a major percentage of the dry lubricant (50) consists of a polymer material. Furthermore, in a method for manufacturing a flexible traction member (12) made up of multiple tension-proof elements (1.1, 1.2,..., 1.7, 20), in particular wires and/or strands and/or ropes, a dry lubricant (50) is applied to the tension-proof elements (1.1, 1.2,..., 1.7, 20) before the latter are joined together, said dry lubricant (50) being sprayed onto the tension-proof elements (1.1, 1.2,..., 1.7, 20) in a fluid state.
Abstract:
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flexiblen Strangs (30.6), der mindestens zwei parallel zueinander verlaufende Transmissionselemente (1.22, 1.43, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35) zur Übertragung von Daten, elektrischen Strömen, Fluiden und/oder Zugkräften und einen Mantelbereich umfasst, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die individuell mit einem Mantel (2.11...2.14) versehenen Transmissionselemente als Module (10.11...10.14) zum Strang (30.6) verbunden werden. Damit lassen sich durch das Verfahren multifunktionale Stränge (30.6) mit unterschiedlichen Transmissionselementen (1.22, 1.43, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35) herstellen.
Abstract:
A process is provided wherein a metal powder of iron or low alloy steel is mixed with a lubricant having a characteristic of becoming liquid under pressure and of evaporating under a sintering temperature and at least one liquid phase former to form a mixture. The mixture is compressed at a pressure sufficient to liquefy and uniformly distribute the lubricant within the compressed mixture with the lubricant effecting a uniform distribution of the liquid phase former on the particles of the metal powder. Upon sintering, the lubricant is evaporated and driven off and a liquid phase sintering of the liquid phase former with the particles of the metal powder occurs to obtain a product having a density of 99+% of theoretical density.
Abstract:
An elevator load bearing member assembly includes at least one roughened surface (46) on a polyurethane jacket (44). In one example, mechanical roughening is used to roughen the surface (46) after the jacket has been extruded onto tension members (42). In another example, the temperatures used for molding a jacket (44) are controlled to induce melt fracture and roughen the surface (46) during the forming process. Other examples include chemically roughening the jacket surface and using localized heating to roughen the surface. The roughened jacket surface improves friction characteristics of a load bearing member assembly.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a flexible traction organ (38) that can be wound and unwound, in particular for passenger and/or goods lifts, said organ comprising at least one stranded cable (16) consisting of a tensile resistant material. The core strand (124) of each stranded cable (16) is surrounded by a flexible thermoplastic plastic layer (126). A production line (10) for embedding several stranded cables (16) in a flexible thermoplastic plastic (39) comprises a respective reel (14) for unwinding the stranded cable (16), a device (24) for accurately aligning the stranded cable (16), a heating element (26, 28, 30) for pre-heating the stranded cable (16), at least one extruder (32) for co-extruding the stranded cable (16) in a flexible plastic sheathing, a cooling vat (42), a reel storage unit (52), a cutting unit (66) and a reserve reel (18). The extruder (32), a wire guide (74) and at least one die (76) can be adjusted individually, conjointly and in relation to one another on a plane (P) that runs at an angle to the cable plane (E). The unwound stranded cables (16) are degreased and/or pre-treated to improve the adhesion of the plastic sheathing, are pre-heated to a temperature of approximately +/- 20 DEG C in relation to the melting temperature of the flexible, thermoplastic plastic that surrounds the core strand (124) and are sheathed with liquefied plastic (86) in the extruder (32).
Abstract:
An apparatus for producing ozone from oxygen comprises a high voltage electrode connectable to an electric current source; a ground electrode spaced from the high voltage electrode and having an upstream end and a downstream end; a dielectric element positioned between the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode; a path for air flow positioned between the dielectric element and the ground electrode; and, a current collector positioned downstream of the high voltage electrode and comprising an extension of the ground electrode.
Abstract:
A plate (10) supports a venturi (11) within a conduit (20) and divides the fluid flow stream into a first stream which flows through the venturi tube (11) and a second stream which bypasses the venturi tube (11). A variety of adjusting mechanisms are disclosed for varying the cross-sectional area of the bypass flow. The apparatus is adapted to allow the back pressure within the venturi tube (11) to force an increasing proportion of the flow stream to bypass the venturi tube (11) in order to maintain a relatively constant aspiration rate within the venturi tube. The adjustment mechanisms disclosed include a second plate (12), similar to the first plate (10), which is manually rotated and a blocking ring (60) which moves responsive to changes in rate of flow of the fluid flow stream. Helical passages (605) may also be provided at the outlet to promote mixing.