Abstract:
A power generation system comprising a LNT for exhaust aftertreatment. The LNT has an effective operating temperature range. When the LNT is near a limit of its effective operating temperature range, the transmission is used to select operating points that increase the LNT's effectiveness. Generally, these operating points reduce the exhaust flow rate, although other factors such as the exhaust temperature may also be taken into account in selecting the operating points. Preferably, the LNT's effective operating temperature range includes exhaust temperatures produced by the engine at its point of peak power output, whereby the LNT does not approach the limits of its effective operating temperature range except when the engine is at less than peak power. At lower power levels, it is generally possible to select operating points that provide lower exhaust flow rates than the flow rate occurring at the peak power level.
Abstract:
A power generation system comprising a LNT for exhaust aftertreatment. The LNT has an effective operating temperature range. When the LNT is near a limit of its effective operating temperature range, the transmission is used to select operating points that increase the LNT's effectiveness. Generally, these operating points reduce the exhaust flow rate, although other factors such as the exhaust temperature may also be taken into account in selecting the operating points. Preferably, the LNT's effective operating temperature range includes exhaust temperatures produced by the engine at its point of peak power output, whereby the LNT does not approach the limits of its effective operating temperature range except when the engine is at less than peak power. At lower power levels, it is generally possible to select operating points that provide lower exhaust flow rates than the flow rate occurring at the peak power level.
Abstract:
One aspect of the invention relates to a power generation system comprising an internal combustion engine that operates, generally by limiting the adiabatic flame temperature, to produce an engine exhaust that is low in NOx and particulate matter. The exhaust is treated by a fuel cell to remove organic compounds and CO while producing useful power. Another aspect of the invention relates to controlling the adiabatic flame temperature by EGR drawing from upstream of the fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to treating engine exhaust with a reducing catalyst and then with a fuel cell. A still further aspect of the invention relates to treating exhaust with an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to a system equipped with a valve allowing exhaust to selectively bypass a fuel cell.
Abstract:
A system and method for optimizing the systemic delivery of growth-arresting lipid-derived bioactive drugs or gene therapy agents to an animal or human in need of such agents utilizing nanoscale assembly systems, such as liposomes, resorbable and non-aggregating nanoparticle dispersions, metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, or polymeric materials such as dendrimers or hydrogels, each of which exhibit improved lipid solubility, cell permeability, an increased circulation half life and pharmacokinetic profile with improved tumor or vascular targeting.
Abstract:
A method is provided for reducing engine idling time in a hybrid vehicle that includes a vehicle accessory and a hybrid powertrain having an engine , a generator operatively coupled to the engine, and an energy source . The method includes selectively powering the vehicle accessory using the energy source while the engine is not running, monitoring the energy source state of charge, selectively starting the engine when the energy source state of charge is less than or equal to a predetermined minimum state of charge, operating the engine driven generator to recharge the energy source to a predetermined maximum state of charge, and turning off the engine when the energy source state of charge is greater than or equal to the predetermined maximum state of charge. A hybrid electric vehicle power delivery system is also provided.
Abstract:
One aspect of the invention relates to a clean power generation system in which an internal combustion engine is operated to produce shaft power and an exhaust stream. The exhaust stream is processed by a fuel cell. Fluctuations in power demand are met, at least in part, by increasing or decreasing power output from the fuel cell and/or power uptake or output from a power storage device. The engine can operate at a relatively constant rate, providing a steady exhaust stream, which facilitates pollution control and fuel cell operation. According to another aspect of the invention, the exhaust of an engine is treated with a fuel cell having an electrolyte that conducts protons. In addition to removing pollutants from the exhaust while generating useful power, the fuel cell can provide a supply of low acidity water. The water can be used in the fuel reformer.
Abstract:
One aspect of the invention relates to a power generation system comprising an internal combustion engine that operates, generally by limiting the adiabatic flame temperature, to produce an engine exhaust that is low in NOx and particulate matter. The exhaust is treated by a fuel cell to remove organic compounds and CO while producing useful power. Another aspect of the invention relates to controlling the adiabatic flame temperature by EGR drawing from upstream of the fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to treating engine exhaust with a reducing catalyst and then with a fuel cell. A still further aspect of the invention relates to treating exhaust with an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to a system equipped with a valve allowing exhaust to selectively bypass a fuel cell.
Abstract:
A trim base C-shaped channel having a front face, a bottom face, and a hanger face configured to form a trough or C-channel; one or more T-tracks and splice tracks positioned on the interior of the trough or C-channel for mounting a plurality of components of a cable tensioning system; a concave member positioned on the front face; a trim cap having a support extension and a contact extension configured to rotate about the concave member, wherein the trim cap is configured to cover the trough or open top of the C-channel; and a spring positioned between one hanger section and the support extension, wherein the spring is configured to rotate the trim cap about the concave member and, thus, functions to conceal the cable, pulleys, guides, and other individual components of a billboard cable tensioning system used to secure and stretch a printed display sheet.
Abstract:
A power generation system having a fuel reformer (12) positioned inline with an engine exhaust stream. A transmission controller (10) selects torque ratios and thereby operating points for the engine (9) in order to facilitate start-up or operation of the fuel reformer (12) . In one embodiment, the controller selects operating points to heat the exhaust and thus the reformer prior to starting the reformer. In another embodiment, the controller selects operating points to reduce or limit the oxygen concentration in the exhaust during denitration or desulfation of a LNT (14) . In a further embodiment, the controller selects operating points to reduce a fuel penalty for a regeneration. The fuel penalty includes at least a contribution associated with consuming excess oxygen in the exhaust .
Abstract:
One concept relates to a power generation system (5) comprising an engine (9) tuned to efficiently operate in a narrow speed range for all levels of positive power output. The narrow speed range facilitates the operation of an exhaust aftertreatment system (7) According to another concept, one or more parameters for denitration or desulfations of a LNT (13) is varied, whereby the saturation of NOx and/or SOx in the LNT (14) is reduced to a lower level when an operating state of the engine (9) makes the LNT (14) otherwise less effective or places a greater demand for conversion efficiency on the LNT (14). Selectively tolerating high degrees of sulfur poisoning or NOx saturation during periods of low exhaust flow allows the effieciency of denitrations and/or desulfations to be increased over a large portion of a vehicle's operating dycle, particularly when the engine (9) uses a CVT (8).