Abstract:
Methods of increasing skeletal muscle protein synthesis in a subject are provided. Methods of increasing or maintaining mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation are also provided. Such methods include a step of administering at least one serving per day of a composition including 20 to 2,000 mg of a green tea extract per serving to the subject.
Abstract:
Methods of increasing muscle strength and mobility in a subject experiencing significant physical inactivity include administering gamma linolenic acid to the subject as part of a nutritional composition containing fat and at least one of protein and carbohydrate. Administration of the nutritional composition to the subject increases muscle strength and mobility of the subject by increasing levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in muscle of the subject.
Abstract:
Methods of preserving muscle strength in a subject during a period of muscle disuse are provided. Methods of preserving muscle strength in a subject during a period of muscle disuse and a subsequent period of muscle recovery are also provided. The methods include administering a composition including β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and green tea extract to the subject during at least a portion of the period of muscle disuse and, optionally, during at least a portion of the period of muscle recovery. The composition may also include leucine or another leucine metabolite, such as α-ketoisocaproic acid or α-hydroxyisocaproic acid.
Abstract:
A liquid nutritional composition includes a source of epigallocatechin gallate and at least one of a source of protein, a source of carbohydrate, and a source of fat. The liquid nutritional composition includes gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate in a ratio of about 1:20 to about 1:0.60. At least a portion of the gallocatechin gallate is formed by epimerization of the epigallocatechin gallate as a result of application of heat to the liquid nutritional composition. Methods of making the liquid nutritional composition are also provided.
Abstract:
Biomarkers and related methods of using the biomarkers to identify subjects at risk of losing lean body mass during a prolonged period of physical inactivity are provided. The biomarkers may be blood biomarkers and include Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1), Tenascin C (TNC), and Apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA-2). Also provided is a method of treating subjects at risk of losing lean body mass during a prolonged period of physical inactivity.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are methods for enhancing the efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate ("EGCg") in mitigating skeletal muscle loss in a subject. Providing EGCg to a subject in a nutritional composition reduces muscle protein degradation, thereby mitigating skeletal muscle loss in the subject. The combination of EGCg with zinc in a nutritional composition enhances the mitigating effect that EGCg has on muscle loss. Specifically, when used in combination, a nutritional composition containing both EGCg and zinc requires less EGCg to obtain the same mitigating effect that occurs in the same nutritional composition containing EGCg but no zinc.
Abstract:
A method of increasing or maintaining lean body mass in leucine conversion-compromised subjects and subjects undergoing treatment for diabetes is provided. The method includes administering an effective amount of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) to a subject with compromised leucine conversion efficiency or a subject undergoing treatment for insulin resistance associated with diabetes. Administration of HMB to a leucine conversion-compromised subject or a subject undergoing treatment for diabetes is effective to increase or maintain the human's lean body mass.
Abstract:
Methods for maintaining or increasing bodyweight in a subject susceptible to unintentional weight loss are provided. The methods include a step of administering at least one serving per day of a composition including 20 to 2000 mg of a decaffeinated green tea extract per serving to the subject.
Abstract:
Methods of decreasing muscle function decline and improving muscle function in a subject are provided. The methods utilize an effective amount of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) to increase the level of muscle vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), to decrease myostatin levels, or both, and thereby decrease muscle function decline or improve muscle function. The EGCg may be provided as part of a nutritional composition.
Abstract:
Methods for enhancing motor function, enhancing functional status, and mitigating muscle weakness in a subject are provided. The methods utilize the combination of administering to the subject a nutritional composition comprising at least one source of protein and applying a vibrational stimulus to the subject.