Abstract:
A method for manufacturing a membrane assembly for EUV lithography, the method comprising: providing a stack comprising: at least one membrane layer supported by a planar substrate, wherein the planar substrate comprises an inner region and a border region around the inner region; and a first sacrificial layer between the planar substrate and the membrane layer; selectively removing the inner region of the planar substrate, wherein the step of selectively removing the inner region of the planar substrate comprises using an etchant which has a similar etch rate for the membrane layer and its oxide and a substantially different etch rate for the first sacrificial layer; such that the membrane assembly comprises: a membrane formed from the at least one membrane layer; and a border holding the membrane, the border comprising the border region of the planar substrate and the first sacrificial layer situated between the border and the membrane layer.
Abstract:
A multilayer optics is configured for reflection of radiation having a wavelength λ, the multilayer optics comprising a multilayer stack (300) of alternating layer pairs, wherein each pair thereof comprises a first/second layer of thickness d1/d2, wherein a periodic length p=d1+d2 of each pair of alternating layers satisfies: m λ = 2 p sinΘ, wherein m = 1, 2, 3, etc. is an integer representing the order of the Bragg diffraction peak and Θ is the angle between an incident radiation and a scattering plane of the multilayer optics; a protective region (310) comprising pairs of alternating protective layers, each pair thereof comprising a first/second protective layer of thickness ds1/ds2, wherein a periodic length ps=ds1+ds2 of each pair of alternating protective layers satisfies: m λ = 2 ps sinΘ and ps = p N, wherein N is an integer equal or larger than 2. The multilayer mirror may optionally be provided with a capping layer (320). There is further disclosed an apparatus for extreme ultraviolet lithography comprising: a vacuum container comprising an optical element having an optically active surface, a gas supply system comprising a source of an anti-blistering gaseous mixture, an exhauster configured to exhaust gas in said vacuum container; wherein the gas supply system is arranged to provide the anti-blistering gaseous mixture at the optically active surface of the optical element, and wherein the anti-blistering gaseous mixture comprises an oxygen containing gas compound at a partial pressure ranging from 5e-8 to 1e-4 mbar.
Abstract:
Degradation of the reflectivity of one or more reflective optical elements in a system (SO) for generating EUV radiation is reduced by the controlled introduction of a gas into a vacuum chamber (26) containing the optical element. The gas may be added to the flow of another gas such as hydrogen or alternated with the introduction of hydrogen radicals.
Abstract:
A method of cleaning a surface to remove a contaminant therefrom, the method comprising the steps of oxidizing at least a portion of the contaminant and passing a stream of carbon dioxide snow over the contaminant. An apparatus for cleaning a surface, the apparatus comprising at least one carbon dioxide snow outlet, and at least one plasma outlet, and a cleaning head comprising at least one carbon dioxide snow outlet and at least one plasma outlet are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a membrane transmissive to EUV radiation, which may be used as a pellicle or spectral filter in a lithographic apparatus. The membrane comprises one or more high doped regions wherein said membrane is doped with a dopant concentration greater than 10 17 cm -3 , and one or more regions with low (or no) doping. The membrane may have a main substrate having low doping and one or more additional layers, wherein said high doped regions are comprised within some or all of said additional layers.