摘要:
Effluent from a carbon black reactor is directly discharged from the reactor to a quick cooling radiant heat exchanger before, or in some instances after, a reaction-stopping water quench. The cooled reaction quench is then supplied to an air preheater to preheat the carbonaceous feed stock that is supplied to the reactor. The heat exchanger includes a chamber having outside walls formed by heat exchanger tubes which are welded together. If desired, additional cooling capacity is provided by platens formed of heat exchanger tubes which are contained in the chamber to which the reactor effluent is supplied.
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes processing the acetylene to form a stream having acrylic acid. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream is be treated to convert acetylene to acrylic acid. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of carbon monoxide to prevent undesired reactions in downstream processing units.
摘要:
The invention relates to apparatus and associated methods for conversion of silicon tetrachloride (STC) to trichlorosilane (TCS). The converter features a relatively thin annular heating zone surrounding a reaction chamber. Within the annular heating zone is a heating element that has an annular conformation about the reaction chamber. The design allows high convective heat transfer, which facilitates the use of lower heating element surface temperatures, prolonging the life of the equipment, reducing capital cost by allowing use of a smaller reactor, and greatly improving heating efficiency. A heat exchanger with a plurality of heat exchanger blocks provides further efficiency.
摘要:
An apparatus for gasifying a solid fuel which is capable of reforming a thermal decomposition gas formed by the thermal decomposition of the solid fuel in a thermal decomposition furnace into a raw fuel gas.
摘要:
A burner apparatus for reducing carbon production, comprises a burner having a combustion chamber (280) and a heat exchanger (288) located within the combustion chamber (280). The heat exchanger has an inlet end (296, 298) where a mixture comprising air and fuel enters, a heat transfer section (288a, 288b), and an outlet end (304) from which a process mixture of air and fuel discharges into the combustion chamber (280) and is ignited to produce a product mixture. The inlet end and outlet end are located such that the general flow direction of the air and fuel within at least a portion of the heat transfer section is substantially parallel with flow direction of the product mixture in the combustion chamber (280). The heat transfer section is located within the combustion chamber so as to receive thermal input from the combusted product mixture therein to heat the process mixture to a temperature sufficiently high to substantially reduce the production of solid carbon therein. The invention is also for a method of reducing carbon production.
摘要:
A continuous process that produces nanoscale powders from different types of precursor material by evaporating the material and quenching the vaporized phase preferably in a converging diverging expansion nozzle. The precursor material suspended in a carrier gas is continuously vaporized at very high temperatures, preferably exceeding 2000 degrees C, and most preferably exceeding 5000 degrees K, in a thermal reaction chamber under conditions that favor nucleation of the resulting vapor. Immediately after the initial nucleation stages, the vapor stream is rapidly and uniformly quenched at rates of at least 1,000 K/sec, preferably above 1,000,000 K/sec, to block the continued growth of the nucleated particles and produce a nanosize powder suspension of narrow particle size distribution. The nanopowder is then harvested by filtration from the quenched vapor stream and the carrier medium is purified, compressed and recycled for mixing with new precursor material in the feed stream.
摘要:
In order to thermally decompose gaseous initial substances, in particular toxic substances, shapphire is used as wall lining material for the reaction chamber. In a decomposition process, the initial substances (2) flow through a heated reaction chamber (6) and the composition of the reaction gas from the initial substances (2) and from the final products (8) is monitored by spectral analysis through the optically transparent walls of the reaction chamber, so that operation parameters such as temperature and throughflow speed may be controlled in order to decompose the initial substances in a substantially total manner. A high temperature furnace has sapphire pipes (6/1, 6/2, 6/3, 6/4) in which gaseous initial substances are thermally decomposed at temperatures from 1200 DEG C to 2000 DEG C. Optical measurement devices (9/1, 9/2, 9/3, 9/4) are provided for monitoring the composition of the reaction gas.
摘要:
Described herein is an improved conversion of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) present as a by-product in a chemical process to NO x which can be further converted to a useful compound or material, such as nitric acid.