摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von (4-Halogen-2,6-dialkylphenyl)malononitrilen der Formel (I) durch Umsetzung von Bromaromaten der Formel (II) mit Malononitril in Gegenwart einer Base, einer Palladiumverbindung und eines Phosphinliganden, wobei in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt zunächst nur Malononitril und die Base miteinander umgesetzt werden und anschließend in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt gegebenenfalls entstandenes Reaktionswasser gemeinsam mit einem Teil des Lösungs- und Verdünnungsmittels abdestilliert wird, bevor im dritten Verfahrensschritt der Bromaromat der Formel (II), der Palladiumkatalysator und der Phosphinligand hinzugegeben werden. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung neue (4-Halogen-2,6-dialkylphenyl)malononitrile der Formel (I) und einen neuen Palladiumkomplex der Formel (III) und seine Verwendung als Katalysator.
摘要:
The present invention refers to processes for catalytic reversible alkene-nitrile interconversion through controllable HCN-free transfer hydrocyanation.
摘要:
The present invention discloses a cheaper and practical protocol for the construction of a wide variety of o-cyanocinnamonitrile and their structural analogues that proceeds with good yields in a single step using CuCN as the only reagent.
摘要:
The invention relates to substances which act as selective ligands of nuclear receptors of the PPAR beta/delta sub-type and can be used for treating PPAR beta/delta transmitted illnesses. The substances according to the invention act as inhibitors of the PPAR beta/delta receptor.
摘要:
In one aspect, the present invention provides a hyperpolarizable organic chromophore. The chromophore is a nonlinear optically active compound that includes a π-donor conjugated to a π-acceptor through a π-electron conjugated bridge. In other aspects of the invention, donor structures and acceptor structures are provided. In another aspect of the invention, a chromophore containing polymer is provided. In one embodiment, the chromophore is physically incorporated into the polymer to provide a composite. In another embodiment, the chromophore is covalently bonded to the polymer, either as a side chain polymer or through crosslinking into the polymer. In other aspects, the present invention also provides a method for making the chromophore, a method for making the chromophore-containing polymer, and methods for using the chromophore and chromophore-containing polymer.
摘要:
An improved process for he preparation of 2-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) comprising of the steps of: preparing malononitrile suspension by adding 5-20% (wt%) preferably 12-14% malononitrile to water while constantly stirring and then adding 0.05-0.5% (v/v) preferably 0.1-0 % of a catalyst like píperidine, pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline - or morpholine preferably piperidine piperidine with constant stirring at 20-30°C; condensing the malononitrile suspension prepared in step (a) with 2-chlorobenzaldehyde by adding 10-15% (w/v) preferably 25-30%, of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde cover a period at 30-45 minutes so that the temperature of the reaction mixture remains below 50°C, constantly stirring for 20-40 minutes, then filtering the CS and drying it at 20-30°C under water vacuum for 3-5 hrs.
摘要:
One aspect of the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-sulfur bond between the sulfur atom of a thiol moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper(II)-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-carbon bond between the carbon atom of cyanide ion and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a copper-catalyzed method of transforming and aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl iodide. Yet another embodiment of the present invention relates to a tandem method, which may be practiced in a single reaction vessel, wherein the first step of the method involves the copper-catalyzed formation of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl iodide from the corresponding aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl chloride or bromide; and the second step of the method involves the copper-catalyzed formation of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl nitrile, amide or sulfide from the aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl iodide formed in the first step.