Abstract:
A process for making 6-aminocaproic acid by hydroformylating 3-pentenenitrile to produce 3-, 4-, and 5-formylvaleronitrile (FVN mixture), oxidizing the FVN mixture to produce 3-, 4-, and 5-cyanovaleric acid; hydrogenating the resulting product to produce 6-aminocaproic acid, 5-amino-4-methylvaleric acid, and 4-amino-3-ethylbutyric acid; and isolating 6-aminocaproic acid from the reaction product. The resulting 6-aminocaproic acid can be cyclized to produce caprolactam.
Abstract:
Battery has an electrolyte comprising a solvent and a salt (I) comprising a hydroxonium, nitrosonium, ammonium, metal, organic or organometallic cation and a 5-membered (hetero)cyclic anion. Battery has an electrolyte comprising a solvent and a salt (I) comprising a hydroxonium, nitrosonium, ammonium, metal, organic or organometallic cation and a 5-membered (hetero)cyclic anion with the following formula: [Image] X1-X5-N=, -N->-, -C(Y)=, -C->(Y)-, -S(O)(Q)=, -S(Q)= or -P(Q')(Q)=, provided that no more than four comprise N, no more than two comprise S (nonadjacent) and no more than one comprises P; Q', Q : 1-8C perhaloalkyl, perhaloalkenyl or optionally substituted 6-12C aryl or aralkyl, each optionally containing O, S or N heteroatoms; Q : an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, alkenylaryl, alicyclic or heterocyclic group optionally substituted with halogen and/or ether, thioether, amine, imine, amide, carboxy, carbonyl, isocyanate, isothiocyanate and hydroxy groups; an aromatic group with ring(s) and/or substituent(s) containing heteroatoms; a polymeric group; or a group having one or more cationic and/or anionic ionophore groups; Y : H, F, Cl, Br, CN, SCN, NCS, NCO, NO2, perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroalkoxy, perfluoroalkylmethyl, tetrafluoroethoxy, SCF3, perfluoroalkylthio, tetrafluoroethylthio, trifluorovinyloxy, trifluorovinylthio, SO2F, SO2Q, COOQ, Q-N-SO2- (sic) or COQ; a group comprising one or more aromatic rings that optionally contain N, O, S or P and are optionally substituted with halogen, CN, CO2, SCN, N3, trifluorovinyloxy, (1-12C perfluoroalkyl)methyl, fluoroalkoxy, fluoroalkylthioxy, alkyl, alkenyl, oxaalkyl, oxaalkenyl, azaalkyl, azaalkenyl, thiaalkyl, thiaalkenyl, polymeric groups and groups having one or more cationic and/or anionic ionophore groups; alternatively, two of Y, Q, Q' and Q can form a 4- to 8-membered ring, or one of Y and Q is a multivalent group attached to a second 5-membered (hetero)cyclic anion, or one of Y and Q is a repeat unit of a polymer; provided that at least one Y or Q comprises a dissociating dipole.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a proton conductor in liquid form, comprised of a mixture of the following components: (a) a salt combined with a nitrogenated base along with an acid, according to formula (I), wherein Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4, whether identical or different, represent a group -N= or -C(Zi)=, wherein Zi represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl radical with from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl radical with from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an oxoalkyl or azaalkyl radical with from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as long as at least one and at most two of the groups Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 represent -N=; two adjacent carbon atoms are possibly hydrogenated; the nitrogenated base possibly forms part of a polymeric matrix; and X represents an anion derivative of an acid selected from the group formed by the sulphonic acids of the formula R 3 F 2 F 2 F 2 F 2 2 F 2 F 2 F 2 F F F 2 n 1 2 3 4
Abstract translation:公开了液体形式的质子导体,其由以下组分的混合物组成:(a)根据式(I)的与氮化合的碱与盐结合的盐,其中Z1,Z2,Z3和Z4, 无论相同或不同,表示基团-N =或-C(Zi)=,其中Zi表示氢原子,具有1至20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,具有1至20个碳原子的氟代烷基 ,或具有1至20个碳原子的氧代烷基或氮杂烷基,只要基团Z1,Z2,Z3和Z4中的至少一个和至多两个表示-N =; 两个相邻的碳原子可能被氢化; 氮化碱可能形成聚合物基体的一部分; 并且X 1表示酸式的阴离子衍生物,其选自由式R fSO 3,H的磺酸形成的基团,式(R 1 F F 2 <)(R'> F 2 <)CH> 2或者R“F 2 < (R“> F 2 <)(R”> F 2 <)CH,其中R“F”,R“> F”或“独立地表示基团F(CF> 2 n < - ,n包含在0和6之间,而酸可能形成聚合物基体的一部分; 和(b)根据式(II)的氮化碱,其中Z> 1,Z 2,Z 3和Z 4具有上述含义,并且氮化碱可能是 聚合物基质。 组分(a)和(b)以允许形成熔点小于25℃的组合物的比例存在。本发明公开的质子导体可用作液体,凝胶或聚合物电解质 在各种电化学系统中。
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of a linear omega -formyl-carboxylic acid or a corresponding linear formyl-nitrile compound starting from an internally unsaturated C4-C12 carboxylic acid or a corresponding ester or nitrile by means of hydroformylation in the presence of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst system, wherein the hydroformylation is carried out in an aqueous medium and in that the catalyst system comprises platinum and a water-soluble organic bidentate ligand.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for producing 2-propionylalkanonitriles of the formula (I) wherein R is C 4 -C 16 -alkyl, in particular C 6 -C 10 -alkyl, especially n-octyl. The present invention relates in particular to the production of 2-propionyldecanonitrile, i.e. to a compound of formula (I), wherein R is n-octyl. The process comprises reacting an alkanonitrile of formula (II) with an C 1 -C 4 -alkylpropionate of the formula (III) wherein R' is C 1 -C 4 - alkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl, which process is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in a reaction vessel in the presence of 1.0 to 2.0 mol, in particular 1.1 to 1.8 mol, especially from 1.2 to 1.6 mol of potassium methoxide, based on 1 mol of the alkanonitrile of formula (II), wherein at least a portion of the low-boiling compounds contained in the reaction mix- ture is distilled off during or after the reaction of the alkanonitrile of the formula (II) and the C 1 -C 4 -alkyl propionate of the formula (III).
Abstract:
The invention relates to compounds for modulating the glycolysis enzyme complex and the transaminase complex, pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds, and to the uses of said compounds for the production of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of different illnesses.
Abstract:
Process for making 5FVN, comprising contacting in a reactor 3PN with CO and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst comprising recycled catalyst that is reactivated using hydrogen.
Abstract:
A polymeric, phosphorus-containing composition made by heating, in the presence of an initiator, preferably a free radical initiator, and optionally in the presence of one or more comonomers, at least one substituted phosphonylated 2,2'-dihydroxyl-1,1'-binaphthalene or at least one substituted 2,2'-dihydroxyl-1,1'-biphenylene.
Abstract:
A process for producing optically active 3−hydroxy− pentanenitrile in a high yield by reducing 3−ketopentanenitrile stereoselectively by the use of an enzyme capable of reducing 3−ketopentanenitrile asymmetrically into optically active 3−hydroxypentanenitrile. 3−Ketopentanenitrile alkali metal salts can be also obtained efficiently, which are stable compounds unproblematic in respect of storage.