Abstract:
Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting boron nitride or amorphous carbon into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Exemplary new materials disclosed herein can be ferromagnetic and/or harder than diamond. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits. A novel phase of solid carbon has structure different than diamond and graphite.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for production of a doped feed rod comprising implanting a dopant (17) into or below the surface of a feed rod (1) by impacting an electrically accelerated atomic or molecular species (7) of said dopant on said feed rod; use of a doped feed rod for the production of a doped single crystal, in particular a doped silicon single crystal; methods and apparatus for production of a doped single crystal; a method of producing a doped feed rod having a non-natural abundance of dopant isotopes, and a doped single crystal obtainable therefrom.
Abstract:
Methods of forming and analyzing doped monocrystalline silicon each comprise the steps of providing: a vessel, particulate silicon, a dopant, and a float-zone apparatus. The vessel for each method comprises silicon and defines a cavity. The methods each further comprise the steps of combining the particulate silicon and the dopant to form treated particulate silicon, and disposing the treated particulate silicon into the cavity of the vessel. The methods yet further comprise the step of float-zone processing the vessel and the treated particulate silicon into doped monocrystalline silicon with the float-zone apparatus. The analytical method further comprises the step of providing an instrument. The analytical method yet further comprises the steps of removing a piece from the doped monocrystalline silicon, and determining the concentration of the dopant in the piece with the instrument. The methods are useful for forming and analyzing monocrystalline silicon having various types and/or concentrations of dopant(s).
Abstract:
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Einkristalls aus Silizium, umfassend das Bereitstellen einer ersten Schmelzen-Zone; das Schmelzen von Granulat aus Silizium und das Zuführen des geschmolzenen Granulats zur ersten Schmelzen-Zone; das Kristallisieren eines ersten Kristalls an der ersten Schmelzen-Zone; das Bereitstellen einer zweiten Schmelzen-Zone; das Schmelzen von Silizium vom ersten Kristall und das Zuführen des geschmolzenen Siliziums zur zweiten Schmelzen-Zone; und das Kristallisieren eines zweiten Kristalls an der zweiten Schmelzen-Zone, wobei der zweite Kristall ein Einkristall ist.
Abstract:
Techniques for the formation of silicon ingots and crystals using silicon feedstock of various grades are described. A common feature is adding a predetermined amount of germanium to the melt and performing a crystallization to incorporate germanium into the silicon lattice of respective crystalline silicon materials. Such incorporated germanium results in improvements of respective silicon material characteristics, including increased material strength and improved electrical properties. This leads to positive effects at applying such materials in solar cell manufacturing and at making modules from those solar cells.
Abstract:
Techniques for the formation of silicon ingots and crystals using silicon feedstock of various grades are described. Common feature is adding a predetermined amount of germanium to the melt and performing a crystallization to incorporate germanium into the silicon lattice of respective crystalline silicon materials. Such incorporated germanium results in improvements of respective silicon material characteristics, mainly increased material strength. This leads to positive effects at applying such materials in solar cell manufacturing and at making modules from those solar cells. A silicon material with a germanium concentration in the range (50-200) ppmw demonstrates an increased material strength, where best practical ranges depend on the material quality generated.
Abstract:
A lasing medium having a tailored dopant concentration and a method of fabrication thereof is disclosed. The lasing medium has a single crystal having a continuous body having a selected length, wherein the crystal comprises dopant distributed along the length of the body to define a dopant concentration profile. In one embodiment, the dopant concentration profile results in a uniform heating profile. A method of fabricating a laser crystal having a tailored dopant concentration profile includes arranging a plurality of polycrystalline segments (12) together to form an ingot (10), the polycrystalline segments each having dopant distributed, providing a crystal seed (14) at a first end of the ingot, and moving a heating element (20) along the ingot starting from the first end (16) to a second end (18) of the ingot, the moving heating element creating a moving molten region (22) within the ingot while passing therealong.