Abstract:
A fluorescent lamp and a process for the production thereof are provided whereby the consumption of mercury is prevented, sealed-in mercury is drastically reduced, and the lamp has high retention of luminous flux and achieves an expanded lifespan. The fluorescent lamp includes an arc tube and a protective layer on an inner surface of the arc tube, the protective layer including connected particles having a volume-average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm, the connected particles being composed of an oxide of a metal not forming an amalgam with mercury. The fluorescent lamp includes: an arc tube; and on an inner surface of the arc tube and in the order named: at least one of a UV absorbing layer and a UV reflecting layer; a protective layer including connected particles having a volume-average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm, the connected particles being composed of an oxide of a metal not forming an amalgam with mercury; and a fluorescent layer.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for manufacturing solid particles based on inert gas evaporation, where the method comprises forming a continuous gaseous feed flow comprising a saturated vapour of the material, and injecting the continuous gaseous feed flow through an inlet into a free-space region of a reactor chamber in the form of a feed jet flow protruding from the inlet, and forming at least one continuous jet flow of a cooling fluid and injecting the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid into the reaction chamber, wherein the feed jet flow is made by passing the feed flow at a pressure above the reactor chamber pressure in the range from 0.01 · 105 to 20 · 105 Pa through an injection nozzle functioning as the reactor inlet and which has a rectangular cross-sectional area of the nozzle opening with height Afeed and width Bfeed, where the aspect ratio Bfeed/Afeed is >= 2: 1, and the height A is in the range from 0.1 to 40 mm, and each of the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid is made by passing the cooling fluid through an injection nozzle which directs the jet flow of cooling fluid such that it intersects the feed jet flow with an intersection angle between 30 and 150°, and where each of the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid, either individually or combined, mixes with substantially all of the gas of the feed jet flow at an intended distance apart from the nozzle opening for injection of the feed jet flow.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for producing fine metal oxide particles efficiently and simply. The process for producing fine metal oxide particles of the present invention comprises subjecting a gaseous organometallic compound to combustion in a gas phase in the presence of an oxidizing substance; mixing a gaseous organometallic compound with an oxidizing substance to prepare a mixture and subjecting the mixture to combustion; mixing an organometallic compound solution with an oxidizing substance to prepare a mixture making the mixture into a gaseous state and then subjecting the gaseous mixture to combustion; or mixing an oxidizing substance with a gaseous organometallic compound prepared by vaporizing an organometallic compound solution to prepare a mixture and subjecting the mixture to combustion.
Abstract:
A process and apparatus for the synthesis of metal oxide nanopowder from a metal compound vapour is presented. In particular a process and apparatus for the synthesis of Ti02 nanopowder from TiCl4 is disclosed. The metal compound vapour is reacted with an oxidizing gas in electrically induced RF frequency plasma thus forming a metal oxide vapour. The metal oxide vapour is rapidly cooled using a highly turbulent gas quench zone which quickly halts the particle growth process, yielding a substantial reduction in the size of metal oxide particles formed compared with known processes. The metal compound vapour can also react with a doping agent to create a doped metal oxide nanopowder. Additionally, a process and apparatus for the inline synthesis of a coated metal oxide is disclosed wherein the metal oxide particles are coated with a surface agent after being cooled in a highly turbulent gas quench zone.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the production of porous inorganic materials or a matrix material containing nanoparticles with high uniformity of thickness and/or high effective surface area and to the materials obtainable by this process. By the abovementioned process materials with a defined thickness in the region of ± 10 %, preferably ± 5 %, of the average thickness are available.
Abstract:
The invention provides a process for producing fumed metal oxide particles comprising providing a stream of a liquid feedstock comprising a volatizable, non-halogenated metal oxide precursor, providing a stream of a combustion gas having a linear velocity sufficient to atomize and combust or pyrolyze the liquid feedstock, and injecting the stream of the liquid feedstock into the stream of combustion gas to form a reaction mixture such that the liquid feedstock is atomized and subjected to a sufficient temperature and residence time in the combination gas stream for fumed metal oxide particles to form before the combustion gas temperature is reduced below the solidifying temperature of the metal oxide particle. The invention further provides fumed silica particles having a relatively small aggregate size and/or narrow aggregate size distribution.
Abstract:
A method of producing very high purity fine powders (104) of oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, chalcogenides, metals, and alloys. The purity of powders (108) produced by the method exceeds 99.9 %, preferably 99.999 %, more preferably 99.99999 %, and most preferably 99.999999999 %. Fine powders produced are of size less than 100 microns, preferably less than 10 micron, more preferably less than 1 micron, and most preferably less than 100 nanometers. Methods for producing such powders in high volume, low-cost, and reproducible quality are also outlined. The very high purity, fine powders are envisioned to be useful in various applications such as biomedical, sensor, electronic, electrical, photonic, thermal, piezo, magnetic, catalytic and electrochemical products.
Abstract:
In the device for producing thin metal oxide films from organic metal compounds on a substrate, there is a truncated pyramidal hollow body (3) in an evacuatable housing (1). In the base (7) of the hollow body (3) and concentrically to its axis of symmetry (16) there are at least three furnaces (8) having reception devices (9) for the metal compounds (10) to be evaporated. The reception devices (9) have guide pipes (11) which project into the hollow body (3) and are inclined against its axis of symmetry (16). The casing (12) of the truncated pyramid becomes a pipe (13) with a heatable reception device (5) for the substrate (4) arranged above its end. A gas pipe (6) ends in the inside (7) of the hollow body (3) between the guide pipes (11) and the end of the pipe (13).
Abstract:
The present disclosure is directed to novel methods of oxidizing hydrocarbons, particularly terpenes, using ozone, compounds made according to said methods, and compositions comprising said compounds.