Abstract:
A method and apparatus for measurement of mass of small sample sizes. The method and apparatus is particularly adapted for providing microbalance measurement of solid materials as part of a combinatorial research program. The method and apparatus contemplate a system (100) including one resonator, or a plurality of resonators in a resonator array (110), adapted to monitor the response of a sample to a change in environmental condition, and correlating the response with mass change in the samples.
Abstract:
New ligands, compositions, metal-ligand complexes and arrays with bridged bis-aromatic ligands are disclosed that catalyze the polymerization of monomers into polymers. These catalysts with metal centers have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene into isotactic polypropylene.
Abstract:
New ligands, compositions, metal-ligand complexes and arrays with pyridylamine ligands are disclosed that catalyze the polymerization of monomers into polymers. Processes for polymerisation and polymers are further illustrated. Certain of these catalysts with hafnium metal centers have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example 1-octene, isobutylene or styrene. Certain of the catalysts are particularly effective at polymerising propylene to high molecular weight isotactic polypropylene in a solution process at a variety of polymerisation conditions.
Abstract:
Disclosed are random radical (co)polymers containing -20 to 50 mol% of styrene as component A, -15 to 35 mol% of acrylic acid as component B, and -15 to 60 mol% of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAEM) or 4-vinyl pyridine as component C; and dispersion formulations containing said (co)polymer, a dye selected from the group consisting of a monoazo dye, a quinophtalone dye, an anthraquinone dye, optionally further assistants, and an aqueous system; solid solutions containing said (co)polmyer, a dye selected from the group consisting of a monoazo dye, a quinophthalone dye, an anthraquinone dye, optionally further assistants; and dyeing formulations and formulations of inks for ink-jets comprising said dispersion formulation and optionally conventional dyeing auxiliaries.
Abstract:
A parallel flow reaction system for effecting four or more simultaneous reactions in four or more reaction channels, the reaction system comprising four or more reactors, each of the four or more reactors comprising a surface defining a reaction cavity for carrying out a chemical reaction, an inlet port in fluid communication with the reaction cavity, and an outlet port in fluid communication with the reaction cavity, a fluid distribution system for simultaneously supplying one or more reactants from one or more reactant sources to the inlet port of the reaction cavity for each of the four or more reactors, and for discharging a reactor effluent from the outlet port of each such reaction cavity to one or more effluent sinks, the fluid distribution system comprising a feed-composition subsystem for providing a different feed composition to each of the four or more reactors, the feed-composition subsystem being configured for simultaneously supplying a feed composition comprising at least two feed components in varying relative amounts to the reaction cavity of each of the four or more reactors, the feed-composition subsystem comprising at least one set of four or more flow restrictors, each of the four or more flow restrictors having a flow resistance that varies relative to other flow restrictors in the set.
Abstract:
An apparatus for use in testing a plurality of compositions in parallel. The apparatus includes an upper plate having a plurality of openings extending therethrough to form upper fluid chambers and a lower plate having a plurality of openings extending at least partially therethrough to form cavities. A central plate having a plurality of openings extending therethrough to form central fluid chambers is positioned between the upper and lower plates with the central chambers in alignment with the upper chambers and the cavities. A porous sheet is interposed between the upper and central plates such that an upper surface of the sheet is in contact with fluid within the upper chamber and a lower surface of the sheet is in contact with fluid within the central chamber. The apparatus further includes a flexible membrane positioned between the lower and central plates such that changes in pressure within the cavities or fluid chambers cause deflection of the membrane to force fluid to pass through the porous sheet.
Abstract:
The inventions disclosed herein are new complexes and catalysts comprising metal-ligand complexes or compositions of metal precursors and ligands (and optionally activators) that catalyze polymerization and copolymerization reactions, particularly with monomers that are olefins, diolefins or acetylenically unsaturated monomers. These compositions can also polymerize monomers that have polar functionalities in homopolymerizations or copolymerizations. Also, diolefins in combination with ethylene or α-olefins or 1,1-disubstituted olefins may be co-polymerized. The new catalyst compositions can be prepared by combining a metal precursor with a suitable ligand and, optionally, an activator or combination of activators. The main feature of this invention is the use of new metal ligand complexes to provide the active polymerization catalysts.
Abstract:
A method of processing reaction mixtures in parallel, comprising: forming chemical reaction mixtures in a plurality of reactor vessels of a parallel reactor apparatus said apparatus comprising sensors for providing measured values relating to chemical reactions in said reactor vessels, and a processor for receiving data relating to said measured values; sealing the reaction mixture in each reactor vessel against fluid communication with the other vessels and at a pressure different than ambient pressure; injecting a fluid into at least one of the reactor vessels while the reaction mixture in said at least one vessel is sealed and at a pressure different than ambient pressure; agitating the reaction mixtures for at least a portion of the sealing step; and using the processor to receive said data relating to said measured values of the chemical reactions in said reactor vessels.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating catalytic performance of members of a catalytic library, the apparatus comprising a reaction vessel assembly comprising a plurality of reaction vessels adapted for receiving catalyst library members, each of the plurality of vessels having an inlet and an outlet; a fluid handling system for providing fluid flow simultaneously through the plurality of vessels; and a detector for simultaneously analyzing vessel effluents of at least two of the plurality of vessels, the fluid handling system comprising an entrance control volume in fluid communication with the inlet of each of the plurality of vessels, a plurality of flow restrictors, and an exit control volume in fluid communication with the outlet of each of the plurality of vessels, each of the plurality of flow restrictors being other than a flow controller and being arranged upstream or downstream of one of the plurality of vessels, and wherein each of the plurality of flow restrictors provides fluid communication between one of the plurality of vessels and the entrance control volume or the exit control volume, and wherein maintaining a pressure in the entrance control volume higher than in the exit control volume results in fluid flow through the vessels, the flow restrictors being adapted such that the resistance to fluid flow is greatest in the flow restrictors and the resistance to fluid flow in each of the flow restrictors is approximately the same so that fluid flow through the vessels is apportioned approximately equally between each of the plurality of vessels.