Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing ionic liquids consisting first in reacting an ionic liquid with an alkylate, a hydrogencarbonate, a carbonate, a carboxylate or a hydroxide and, afterwards in neutralising with an acid. The inventive ionic liquids contain a phoshonium and/ or ammonium cation and an anion selected from a group comprising halogenides, aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, sulphates, hydroxysulfats, alkylsulfates, hydrogencarbonates, carbonates, triflates and carboxylates. The inventive method makes it possible to introduce any desired anion into the ionic liquids.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for bleaching mixtures containing imidazolium salts or imidazoles. Said method is characterized in that the mixtures are treated with an oxidant.
Abstract:
The present invention is related to the use of specific cyclic and/or polymeric aryl-phosphines as flame retardants and to a method for reducing the flammability of organic material by incorporating into the material these specific cyclic and/or polymeric phosphines. Moreover, the invention is related to a polymeric composition containing a polymeric material and at least one of the specific cyclic and/or polymeric phosphines in an amount of from 1 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the polymeric material. The invention also relates to a composition comprising at least one of the specific cyclic and/or polymeric phosphines and at least one polymerizable monomer.
Abstract:
A solvent system for biopolymers in the form of carbohydrates which is based on a molten ionic liquid, with additives being present in the solvent system if appropriate, is described. This solvent system comprises a protic solvent or a mixture of a plurality of protic solvents, and if the protic solvent is water alone, this is present in the solvent system in an amount of more than about 5% by weight. Carbohydrates can be incorporated into the solvent system, in particular in the form of starch, cellulose and derivatives thereof, and the solvent system can then be employed for regenerating the carbohydrates dissolved therein. In addition, a particularly advantageous method of producing the solvent system containing the carbohydrates and for producing regenerated carbohydrates, in particular in the form of regenerated cellulose fibres, is described. The invention accordingly also provides such spinning fibres which are nonfibrillating. The invention offers, in particular, economic advantages over the systems of the prior art.
Abstract:
The present invention is related to the use of specific cyclic and/or polymeric aryl-phosphines as flame retardants and to a method for reducing the flammability of organic material by incorporating into the material these specific cyclic and/or polymeric phosphines. Moreover, the invention is related to a polymeric composition containing a polymeric material and at least one of the specific cyclic and/or polymeric phosphines in an amount of from 1 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the polymeric material. The invention also relates to a composition comprising at least one of the specific cyclic and/or polymeric phosphines and at least one polymerizable monomer.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of 1,3-substituted imidazolium salts of formula (I), wherein R1 and R3 independently represent an organic group with 1 to 20 C atoms, R2, R4, and R5 independently represent an H atom or an organic group with 1 to 20 C atoms, with R4 and R5 being capable of forming together an aliphatic or aromatic ring, X represents the anion of an oxygen acid of phosphorus, and n is 1, 2 or 3, as latent catalyst for curing compositions that contain epoxy compounds.