Abstract:
A sensing apparatus consisting of more than one diode laser having select lasing frequencies, a multiplexer optically coupled to the outputs of the diode lasers with the multiplexer being further optically coupled to a pitch side optical fiber. Multiplexed laser light is transmitted through the pitch side optical fiber to a pitch optic operatively associated with a process chamber which may be a combustion chamber or the boiler of a coal or gas fired power plant. The pitch optic is oriented to project multiplexed laser output through the process chamber. Also operatively oriented with the process chamber is a catch optic in optical communication with the pitch optic to receive the multiplexed laser output projected through the process chamber. The catch optic is optically coupled to an optical fiber which transmits the multiplexed laser output to a demultiplexer. The demultiplexer demultiplexes the laser light and optically couples the select lasing frequencies of light to a detector with the detector being sensitive to one of the select lasing frequencies.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a spectrometer arrangement (10) comprising a spectrometer (14) for producing a spectrum of a first wavelength range of radiation from a radiation source on a detector (42). Said arrangement also comprises: an Echelle grating (36) for the spectral decomposition of the radiation penetrating the spectrometer arrangement (10) in a main dispersion direction (46); a dispersing element (34) for separating the degrees by means of spectral decomposition of the radiation in a transversal dispersion direction (48) which forms an angle with the main dispersion direction of the Echelle grating (36), in such a way that a two-dimensional spectrum (50) can be produced with a plurality of separated degrees (52); an imaging optical element (24, 38) for imaging the radiation penetrating through an inlet gap (20) into the spectrometer arrangement (10), in an image plane (40); and a surface detector (42) comprising a two-dimensional arrangement of a plurality of detector elements in the image plane (40). The inventive arrangement is characterised in that another spectrometer (12) comprising at least one other dispersing element (64) and another imaging optical element (60, 66) is provided in order to produce a spectrum (68) of a second wavelength range of radiation, which is different from the first wavelength range, from a radiation source on the same detector (42). The spectra can be spatially or temporally separated on the detector.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a spectrometer assembly (10) containing: a radiation source (11) with a continuous spectrum; a pre-monochromator (2) for generating a spectrum with relatively little linear dispersion, from which a spectral segment can be selected, whose spectral bandwidth is less than or equal to the bandwidth of the free spectral range of the order in the echelle spectrum, for which the mean wavelength of the selected spectral segment can be measured with a maximum blaze efficiency; an echelle spectrometer (4) comprising means for wavelength calibration; an entry slit (21) on the pre-monochromator (2) and an intermediate slit assembly (3) comprising an intermediate slit and a local resolution radiation receiver (5) on the exit plane of the spectrometer for detecting wavelength spectra. The assembly is characterised in that the width of the intermediate slit (3) is greater than the monochromatic image of the entry slit generated by the pre-monochromator at the location of the intermediate slit and that means are provided for calibrating the pre-monochromator, by means of which the radiation that is reproduced in the detector of the radiation source with a continuous spectrum can be calibrated to a reference position.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a measuring device for reading out measuring sensors disposed in a fiber optical waveguide. The measuring device comprises a grid array which distributes an input signal generated by the measuring sensors to different outputs. The transmission characteristics (12) associated with the outputs have as large an overlap region as possible so as to increase the measuring range of the measuring device.
Abstract:
Ein Verfahren zur Untergrundbestimmung und- Korrektur von breitbandigem Untergrund, ist gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte: Glätten der aufgenommenen Spektralkurve; Bestimmen aller Werte der ursprünglichen Kurve, deren Wert über dem Wert der geglätteten Kurve liegt, und Reduzierung dieser Werte auf den Wert der geglätteten Kurve; wenigstens zweifaches Wiederholen der Schritte und Subtraktion der auf diese Weise erhaltenen Untergrundkurve von der ursprünglichen Kurve. Das Glätten der Kurve kann mittels Moving Average erfolgen. Die Breite des Moving Average kann das Doppelte einer durchschnittlichen Linienbreite einer Referenzlinie betragen.
Abstract:
Ein Verfahren zur Wellenlängenkalibrierung von Echellespektren, bei denen sich die Wellenlängen auf eine Mehrzahl von Ordnungen verteilen, ist gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte: Aufnehmen eines linienreichen Referenzspektrums mit bekannten Wellenlängen für eine Vielzahl der Linien, Bestimmen der Lage einer Vielzahl von Peaks des Referenzspektrums in dem aufgenommenen Spektrum, Auswählen von wenigstens zwei ersten Linien mit bekannter Ordnung, Lage und Wellenlänge, Bestimmen einer Wellenlängenskala für die Ordnung, in welcher die bekannten Linien liegen, durch eine Fitfunktion λ m (x), Bestimmen einer vorläufigen Wellenlängenskala λ m±1 (x) für wenigstens eine benachbarte Ordnung m±1 durch Addition/Subtraktion einer Wellenlängendifferenz Δλ FSR , die einem freien Spektralbereich entspricht nach λ m±1 (x) = λ m (x) ± Δλ FSR , mit Δλ FSR =λ m (x)/m, Bestimmen der Wellenlängen von Linien in dieser benachbarten Ordnung m±1 mittels der vorläufigen Wellenlängenskala λ m±1 (x), Ersetzen der vorläufigen Wellenlänge von wenigstens zwei Linien durch die nach Schritt (a) vorgegebene Referenzwellenlänge dieser Linien, und Wiederholen der Schritte (d) bis (g) für wenigstens eine weitere benachbarte Ordnung.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a spectrometer arrangement (10) comprising a spectrometer (14) for producing a spectrum of a first wavelength range of radiation from a radiation source on a detector (42). Said arrangement also comprises: an Echelle grating (36) for the spectral decomposition of the radiation penetrating the spectrometer arrangement (10) in a main dispersion direction (46); a dispersing element (34) for separating the degrees by means of spectral decomposition of the radiation in a transversal dispersion direction (48) which forms an angle with the main dispersion direction of the Echelle grating (36), in such a way that a two-dimensional spectrum (50) can be produced with a plurality of separated degrees (52); an imaging optical element (24, 38) for imaging the radiation penetrating through an inlet gap (20) into the spectrometer arrangement (10), in an image plane (40); and a surface detector (42) comprising a two-dimensional arrangement of a plurality of detector elements in the image plane (40). The inventive arrangement is characterised in that another spectrometer (12) comprising at least one other dispersing element (64) and another imaging optical element (60, 66) is provided in order to produce a spectrum (68) of a second wavelength range of radiation, which is different from the first wavelength range, from a radiation source on the same detector (42). The spectra can be spatially or temporally separated on the detector.
Abstract:
A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system using a cross-dispersed spectrometer is disclosed. The interfered optical signal is dispersed by a grating into several orders of diffraction, and these orders of diffraction are separated by an additional dispersive optical element. The spectral interferogram is recorded by a set of linear detector arrays, or by a two-dimensional detector array.