摘要:
An arithmetic manipulation unit (AMU) (Fig. 6) performs arithmetic operations on N-bit words in a single precision mode and on 2N-bit words in a double precision mode. Preferably, the AMU performs a double precision operation in only two pipelined cycles: a first cycle generating a first 2N-bit operand by concatenating two N-bit parts by means of a sign extension unit (42) and multiplexer (MY) (Fig. 7) and loading the operand to an output register (46); and a second cycle in which a second 2N-bit operand is generated (from a second pair of N-bit parts), the first operand is fed back from the output register, and an arithmetic operation is performed on the two operands by an arithmetic logic unit (ALU 44). A system (Fig. 1) including such an AMU circuit preferably also includes a multi-port memory (6) and a memory management unit (MMU 3; Fig. 8) using address pointers (r0-r7) to fetch two N-bit words from the memory in a single cycle.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for determining the product of a plurality of numbers are disclosed. The preferred embodiment of the method comprises the steps of : (1) determining a plurality of respective partial products for each pair-combination of a first number's digits and a second number's digits ; (2) providing a register having a plurality of register cells, each having a hierarchical significance; (3) accumulating selected of the respective partial products to produce accumulated values in specified of the register cells according to the following relationships: P m,n ―[accumulates in]→ r x ; x=(m+n)-1, where "P m,n " represents the respective partial product ; "m" represents the first number's significance (m = 1, 2, ...); "n" represents the second number's significance (n = 1, 2, ...); and "r x " represents a specified register cell having significance "x" ; (4) sequentially effecting a shifting accumulation operation comprising shifting specific digits of the accumulated value stored in a lesser-significant register cell to the next-higher-significant register cell containing an accumulated value, and adding the specific digits to the accumulated value stored in the next-higher-significant register cell as least-significant digits between significance-adjacent register cells from the least-significant register cell to the most-significant register cell ; (5) iteratively applying the contents of the register to repeat steps (1) through (4) with a succeeding next number until all of the plurality of new numbers have been employed by the method and (6) shifting the contents of the register from the register.
摘要:
An apparatus for multiplication, division and extraction of the square root which determines the value of a function of multiplication, division or extraction of the square root by iterated approximation includes a multiplier, adder/subtracter and shifter each having a predetermined bit width and connected to a bus. The output of the multiplier is inputted to the adder/subtractor or to the shifter and the result is again inputted to the multiplier through the bus. This operation is repeated. A shifter and a calculator connected to a second bus through a switch have a bit width greater than the predetermined bit width, are used for large-scale calculation and prevent a drop in calculation speed.
摘要:
An ALU and a plurality of operand registers wherein each of the operand registers includes a tag cell for storing a bit identifying the precision of the operand stored therewith. In operation operands are transferred to and from the ALU together with their precision tag to facilitate processing of the operands in the ALU without the need for special software to keep track of the precision of the individual operands.
摘要:
A serial-bit digital processing system uses registers and latches to synchronize samples and justify sign-bits. Nominally each processing block in the system includes a sign extend register (16) preceding an arithmetic element (18) and an output register (20) following the arithmetic element. Input registers of one arithmetic element may merge with output registers of the preceding arithmetic element. The sign extend registers include a serially coupled latch which is selectively controlled to pass serial sample bits or to replicate the sign bit. The respective registers are clocked with one of two clock signals (CLOCKN, CLOCKP) having different numbers of pulses per sample period and the length of the respective registers are selected so that at the terminus of each sample period the bits of each sample in the processing system are appropriately justified.
摘要:
Embodiments of a processor are disclosed for performing arithmetic operations on a machine independent number format. The processor may include a floating point unit, and a number unit. The number format may include a sign/exponent block, a length block, and multiple mantissa digits. The number unit may be configured to perform an operation on two operands by converting the digit format of each mantissa digit of each operand, to perform the operation using the converted mantissa digits, and then to convert each mantissa digit of the result of the operation back into the original digit format.
摘要:
Methods and systems for multiplying varying cast numbers are described herein. By using information related to the inputs to be multiplied, a single multiplier module may be used to multiply many different type cast numbers. These systems and methods may reduce hardware costs and complexity, reduce size of the circuitry, and/or reduce the complexity of the logic, among many other benefits. These systems and methods may be used with in industrial controllers in and industrial environment.
摘要:
In a programmable logic device having dedicated multiplier circuitry, some of the scan chain registers normally used for testing the device are located adjacent input registers of the multipliers. Those scan chain registers are ANDed with the input registers, and can be loaded with templates of ones and zeroes. This allows, e.g., subset multiplication if the least significant bits are loaded with zeroes and the remaining bits are loaded with ones. The multipliers preferably are arranged in blocks with other components, such as adders, that allow them to be configured as finite impulse response (FIR) filters. In such configurations, the scan chain registers can be used to load filter coefficients, avoiding the use of scarce logic and routing resources of the device.