RECHARGEABLE BATTERY AND CATALYST MATERIALS AND THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION THEREOF

    公开(公告)号:US20230299257A1

    公开(公告)日:2023-09-21

    申请号:US18200057

    申请日:2023-05-22

    Applicant: CALIX LTD

    Abstract: A process for producing a cathode or anode material adapted for use in the manufacture of fast rechargeable ion batteries. The process may include the steps of Selecting an precursor material that, upon heating in a gas stream, releases volatile compounds to create porous materials to generate a material compound suitable for an electrode in an ion battery. Grinding the precursor material to produce a powder of particles with a first predetermined particle size distribution to form a precursor powder. Calcining the precursor powder in a flash calciner reactor segment with a first process gas at a first temperature to produce a porous particle material suitable for an electrode in an ion battery, and having the pore properties, surface area and nanoscale structures for applications in such batteries. Processing the hot precursor powder in a second calciner reactor segment with a second process gas to complete the calcination reaction, to anneal the material to optimise the particle strength, and to modify the oxidation state of the product for maximising the charge density when the particle is activated in a battery cell to form a second precursor powder. Quenching the second precursor powder. Activating the particles of the second precursor powder in an electrolytic cell by the initial charging steps to intercalate electrolyte ions in the particles.

    Bioactive material
    3.
    发明授权

    公开(公告)号:US11026428B2

    公开(公告)日:2021-06-08

    申请号:US16309891

    申请日:2017-06-02

    Applicant: CALIX LTD

    Inventor: Mark Sceats

    Abstract: A process and apparatus for manufacture of biocide products are described. The biocide properties arise from the caustic calcined powder, from carbonates such as such as magnesite and dolomite, and from hydroxides such as brucite. The method of manufacture is based on the production of high surface area oxide particles using an indirectly heated counterflow reactors for specifically calcining the carbonates and the hydroxides without significant sintering. The biocide products may be a powder or a hydrated slurry. A hydrated slurry is preferred for agricultural applications as a spray. For aquaculture applications, the products have a preferred particle size distribution to impact the aquatic and benthic ecosystems, and a Ca/Mg ratio that promotes the growth of the cultivates species when applied as a powder or a slurry. For applications such as a marine paint, the powder product or the slurry product is mixed with various agents to form a setting coating, and is applied to the infrastructure that is otherwise subject to biofilm growth.

    Process and apparatus for manufacture of calcined compounds for the production of calcined products

    公开(公告)号:US10829413B2

    公开(公告)日:2020-11-10

    申请号:US15527478

    申请日:2015-11-11

    Applicant: Calix Ltd

    Inventor: Mark Sceats

    Abstract: A process for producing a highly calcined and uniformly calcined product from a feedstock. The process comprising the steps of grinding the feedstock to powder, preheating the powder, and calcining the powder in a reactor plant that comprises a number of reactor segments in which a flash calciner is used in each progressive reactor segment to incrementally react the powder by raising the temperature in each segment. The last segment may be a high-temperature reactor that has a controlled residence time and temperature that may allow controlled finishing of the calcination process to achieve a desired degree of calcination and sintering of the product; and cooling of the product.

    Process for manufacture of hydroxide slurry

    公开(公告)号:US10800683B2

    公开(公告)日:2020-10-13

    申请号:US16282094

    申请日:2019-02-21

    Applicant: Calix Ltd

    Abstract: A method of manufacture of high-solids hydroxide slurries from caustic calcined carbonate powder is described, whereby the properties of the slurry are its low resistance to shear thinning to facilitate transport, a high stability for transport and storage, ease of reconstitution after long periods of storage, and, as required, a high concentration of chemically reactive species at the particle surface. The method achieves these specifications by mixing caustic calcined carbonate or hydroxide powder with water in an insulated reactor vessel, and agitating the slurry sufficiently such that the hydration reaction causes the water to spontaneously boil, such that the remaining hydration proceeds spontaneously under the fixed conditions of boiling through the water loss. The mixing process is preferably carried out by a shear pump. A viscosity modifier, such as acetic acid, is used to thin the slurry to enable the mixing system to maintain uniform mixing. The reaction is terminated when the boiling has spontaneously ceased and the temperature has spontaneously dropped to a set point though the reactor heat losses, where the processing time is sufficiently long that the slurry meets the desired specifications.

    Process and apparatus for manufacture of hydroxide slurry

    公开(公告)号:US10358364B2

    公开(公告)日:2019-07-23

    申请号:US15030819

    申请日:2014-10-15

    Applicant: Calix Ltd

    Abstract: A method of manufacture of high-solids hydroxide slurries from caustic calcined carbonate powder is described, whereby the properties of the slurry are its low resistance to shear thinning to facilitate transport, a high stability for transport and storage, ease of reconstitution after long periods of storage, and, as required, a high concentration of chemically reactive species at the particle surface. The method achieves these specifications by mixing caustic calcined carbonate or hydroxide powder with water in an insulated reactor vessel, and agitating the slurry sufficiently such that the hydration reaction causes the water to spontaneously boil, such that the remaining hydration proceeds spontaneously under the fixed conditions of boiling through the water loss. The mixing process is preferably carried out by a shear pump. A viscosity modifier, such as acetic acid, is used to thin the slurry to enable the mixing system to maintain uniform mixing. The reaction is terminated when the boiling has spontaneously ceased and the temperature has spontaneously dropped to a set point though the reactor heat losses, where the processing time is sufficiently long that the slurry meets the desired specifications.

    IMPROVED PATHOGEN INHIBITOR
    7.
    发明申请

    公开(公告)号:US20180007913A1

    公开(公告)日:2018-01-11

    申请号:US15541447

    申请日:2015-12-03

    Applicant: Calix Ltd

    Abstract: A formulation of a pathogen inhibitor or probiotic as a slurry concentrate of a hydrated metal oxide for applications in agriculture, aquaculture, and as an anti antibiotic in which the bioactivity, when applied by dilution, is controlled by a precursor of Reactive Oxygen Species, and the release rate is controlled by the particle size. The invention may include a means whereby the precursor concentration may be controlled to meet the requirements of the ecosystem, from the maintenance of an aerobic system, to killing pathogenic, anaerobic microbes, or producing sterile ecosystems. In addition, the metal oxide may be selected to provide essential nutrients for growth of the agricultural or aquacultural products.

    PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OF HYDROXIDE SLURRY
    8.
    发明申请
    PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OF HYDROXIDE SLURRY 审中-公开
    用于制造氢氧化物浆料的工艺和装置

    公开(公告)号:US20160264435A1

    公开(公告)日:2016-09-15

    申请号:US15030819

    申请日:2014-10-15

    Applicant: CALIX LTD.

    Abstract: A method of manufacture of high-solids hydroxide slurries from caustic calcined carbonate powder is described, whereby the properties of the slurry are its low resistance to shear thinning to facilitate transport, a high stability for transport and storage, ease of reconstitution after long periods of storage, and, as required, a high concentration of chemically reactive species at the particle surface. The method achieves these specifications by mixing caustic calcined carbonate or hydroxide powder with water in an insulated reactor vessel, and agitating the slurry sufficiently such that the hydration reaction causes the water to spontaneously boil, such that the remaining hydration proceeds spontaneously under the fixed conditions of boiling through the water loss. The mixing process is preferably carried out by a shear pump. A viscosity modifier, such as acetic acid, is used to thin the slurry to enable the mixing system to maintain uniform mixing. The reaction is terminated when the boiling has spontaneously ceased and the temperature has spontaneously dropped to a set point though the reactor heat losses, where the processing time is sufficiently long that the slurry meets the desired specifications.

    Abstract translation: 描述了从苛性煅烧碳酸盐粉末制备高固含量氢氧化物浆料的方法,由此浆料的性质是其对剪切变稀的阻力低以便于运输,运输和储存的高稳定性,长时间 储存,并且根据需要在颗粒表面上具有高浓度的化学反应性物质。 该方法通过将苛性煅烧碳酸盐或氢氧化物粉末与水在绝缘反应器容器中混合,并充分搅拌浆料使得水合反应引起水自发沸腾,使得剩余水合物在固定条件下自发进行 沸水失水。 混合过程优选通过剪切泵进行。 使用粘度调节剂(如乙酸)来稀释浆料,使得混合系统能够保持均匀的混合。 当沸腾已经自动停止时,反应终止,并且温度已经通过反应器的热损失自发地下降到设定点,其中处理时间足够长以使浆料满足期望的规格。

    PROCESSES AND METHODS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL

    公开(公告)号:US20240327937A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-10-03

    申请号:US18701877

    申请日:2022-10-18

    Applicant: CALIX LTD

    Abstract: An externally heated vertical reactor for reduction of iron ore, the reactor including: (a) a reactor tube positioned vertically adjacent to a furnace; (b) an external furnace positioned vertically adjacent at least one wall of the reactor tube to provide heat to be conducted through the at least one wall; (c) an input port at a base of the reactor tube, wherein the reducing gases are heated and injected into the input port such that the reducing gases rise upward through the reactor tube; (d) a gas exhaust positioned adjacent a top surface of the reactor; (e) a gas filter positioned adjacent an entrance to the gas exhaust; and (f) a bed positioned at the base of the reactor tube, wherein the reduced iron powder product is collected in the bed at the base of the reactor tube.

    Rechargeable battery and catalyst materials and the means of production thereof

    公开(公告)号:US11695103B2

    公开(公告)日:2023-07-04

    申请号:US16476662

    申请日:2018-01-12

    Applicant: CALIX LTD

    Abstract: A process for producing a cathode or anode material adapted for use in the manufacture of fast rechargeable ion batteries. The process may include the steps of Selecting an precursor material that, upon heating in a gas stream, releases volatile compounds to create porous materials to generate a material compound suitable for an electrode in an ion battery. Grinding the precursor material to produce a powder of particles with a first predetermined particle size distribution to form a precursor powder. Calcining the precursor powder in a flash calciner reactor segment with a first process gas at a first temperature to produce a porous particle material suitable for an electrode in an ion battery, and having the pore properties, surface area and nanoscale structures for applications in such batteries. Processing the hot precursor powder in a second calciner reactor segment with a second process gas to complete the calcination reaction, to anneal the material to optimise the particle strength, and to modify the oxidation state of the product for maximising the charge density when the particle is activated in a battery cell to form a second precursor powder. Quenching the second precursor powder. Activating the particles of the second precursor powder in an electrolytic cell by the initial charging steps to intercalate electrolyte ions in the particles.

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