Abstract:
An imprint lithography apparatus is disclosed that includes an imprint template holder arranged to hold an imprint template, and a plurality of position sensors configured to measure change of the size and/or shape of the imprint template, wherein the position sensors are mechanically isolated from the imprint template. Also disclosed is a lithography method that includes using an imprint template to imprint a pattern onto a substrate, and measuring changes of the size and/or shape of the imprint template while imprinting the pattern onto the substrate.
Abstract:
A reflector (2) comprising a plate (4) supported by a substrate (8), wherein the plate has a reflective surface (5) and is secured to the substrate by adhesive free bonding, and wherein a cooling channel array (10) is provided in the reflector. The channels (16) of the cooling channel array may be formed from open channels in a surface of the substrate, the open channels being closed by the plate to create the channels.
Abstract:
An adjustable diffraction grating includes: an optical element and a distortion mechanism. The optical element has an optical surface to receive an input radiation beam. The optical element is provided with a plurality of closed channels below the optical surface, above each closed channel the optical surface being formed from a membrane of material. The distortion mechanism includes one or more actuators that are operable to distort the membranes over the closed channels so as to control the shape of the optical surface and to form a periodic structure on the optical surface which acts as a diffraction grating such that the input radiation beam is diffracted from the optical element to form a plurality of angularly separated sub-beams.
Abstract:
A method for calibrating an encoder scale having an array of marks in a first direction, includes moving the encoder scale in the first direction relative to a first encoder-type sensor, a second encoder-type sensor and a third encoder-type sensor, wherein the first encoder-type sensor and the second encoder-type sensor are fixedly spaced in the first direction at a first distance relative to each other, wherein the second encoder-type sensor and the third encoder-type sensor are fixedly spaced in the first direction at a second distance relative to each other.
Abstract:
An imprint lithography apparatus having a first frame to be mounted on a floor, a second frame mounted on the first frame via a kinematic coupling, an alignment sensor mounted on the second frame, to align an imprint lithography template arrangement with a target portion of a substrate, and a position sensor to measure a position of the imprint lithography template arrangement and/or a substrate stage relative to the second frame.
Abstract:
An imprint lithography apparatus having a first frame to be mounted on a floor, a second frame mounted on the first frame via a kinematic coupling, an alignment sensor mounted on the second frame, to align an imprint lithography template arrangement with a target portion of a substrate, and a position sensor to measure a position of the imprint lithography template arrangement and/or a substrate stage relative to the second frame.
Abstract:
An imprint lithography apparatus is disclosed that includes an imprint template holder arranged to hold an imprint template, and a plurality of position sensors configured to measure change of the size and/or shape of the imprint template, wherein the position sensors are mechanically isolated from the imprint template. Also disclosed is a lithography method that includes using an imprint template to imprint a pattern onto a substrate, and measuring changes of the size and/or shape of the imprint template while imprinting the pattern onto the substrate.
Abstract:
An undulator for a free electron laser includes a pipe for an electron beam and one or more periodic magnetic structures extending axially along the pipe. Each periodic magnetic structure includes a plurality of magnets and a plurality of passive ferromagnetic elements, the plurality of magnets being arranged alternately with the plurality of passive ferromagnetic elements in a line extending in an axial direction. Each of the plurality of magnets is spatially separated from the pipe, and each of the passive ferromagnetic elements extends radially from an adjacent magnet towards the pipe. A spacer element may be provided between the magnets and the pipe to provide radiation shielding for the magnets and/or cooling for the pipe.
Abstract:
A method for calibrating an encoder scale having an array of marks in a first direction, includes moving the encoder scale in the first direction relative to a first encoder-type sensor, a second encoder-type sensor and a third encoder-type sensor, wherein the first encoder-type sensor and the second encoder-type sensor are fixedly spaced in the first direction at a first distance relative to each other, wherein the second encoder-type sensor and the third encoder-type sensor are fixedly spaced in the first direction at a second distance relative to each other.
Abstract:
An imprint lithography apparatus having a first frame to be mounted on a floor, a second frame mounted on the first frame via a kinematic coupling, an alignment sensor mounted on the second frame, to align an imprint lithography template arrangement with a target portion of a substrate, and a position sensor to measure a position of the imprint lithography template arrangement and/or a substrate stage relative to the second frame.