Foam bumper and radiator for a lightweight heat rejection system

    公开(公告)号:US07143813B2

    公开(公告)日:2006-12-05

    申请号:US10901837

    申请日:2004-07-28

    IPC分类号: B60H1/00

    CPC分类号: F28D15/0275

    摘要: Methods and apparatus are provided for a lightweight heat rejection system suitable for spacecraft applications. The apparatus comprises a manifold configured with an array of heat pipes in thermal contact with a manifold coolant. The heat pipes transfer the coolant heat to associated bumper/radiators external to the manifold. The bumper/radiators are fabricated from a lightweight thermally conductive foam material. The bumper portion protects the heat pipe from space debris and the radiator portion dissipates the heat transferred from the heat pipe through the bumper to the radiator portion. The foam bumper/radiator can be cast over the heat pipe in a relatively simple and economical manufacturing process.

    Systems and methods for generating electrical power from solar energy
    3.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for generating electrical power from solar energy 失效
    从太阳能产生电力的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号:US06957536B2

    公开(公告)日:2005-10-25

    申请号:US10453065

    申请日:2003-06-03

    IPC分类号: F03G6/06 B60K16/00

    摘要: Systems and methods capable of producing electrical power from solar energy through the use of air cycles without fossil fuel combustion. The system includes a solar receiver, a generator, a compressor, and an expander. The expander is coupled to the generator to drive the generator and coupled to the compressor to drive the compressor. The system uses solar generated heat from the solar receiver to heat compressed air from the compressor. The solar generated heat can be directly transferred from the solar receiver to the compressed air as the compressed air flows through receiver tubes of the solar receiver, or the solar receiver can transfer the solar generated heat to a liquid metal, with the liquid metal transferring thermal energy to the compressed air. The expander receives and expands the heated compressed air to drive the generator to produce electricity, and to drive the compressor to compress air.

    摘要翻译: 能够通过使用没有化石燃料燃烧的空气循环从太阳能产生电力的系统和方法。 该系统包括太阳能接收器,发电机,压缩机和膨胀机。 膨胀器联接到发电机以驱动发电机并且耦合到压缩机以驱动压缩机。 该系统使用来自太阳能接收器的太阳能发电热量来加热来自压缩机的压缩空气。 当压缩空气流过太阳能接收器的接收管时,太阳能发电的热量可以从太阳能接收器直接转移到压缩空气中,或者太阳能接收器可以将太阳能发电的热量转移到液态金属,液态金属转移热 对压缩空气的能量。 膨胀机接收和膨胀加热的压缩空气以驱动发电机产生电力,并驱动压缩机压缩空气。

    Efficient pixel packing
    4.
    发明授权

    公开(公告)号:US06538662B2

    公开(公告)日:2003-03-25

    申请号:US09862510

    申请日:2001-05-23

    IPC分类号: G06G536

    CPC分类号: G09G5/393 G09G5/399

    摘要: In storing data for display, traditionally twenty-four bit video pixels have required extra video memory to store the video pixels on double word boundaries or extensive hardware to fully utilize video memory. Eight twenty-four bit video pixels are stored within three quad words in a manner that reduces the required hardware from prior approaches and fully utilizes video memory.

    Method and system for allocating memory space using mapping controller, page table and frame numbers
    5.
    发明授权
    Method and system for allocating memory space using mapping controller, page table and frame numbers 失效
    使用映射控制器,页表和帧号分配存储空间的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号:US06308248B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-10-23

    申请号:US08777781

    申请日:1996-12-31

    IPC分类号: G06F1202

    摘要: A method and apparatus of allocating memory space in a main memory of a computer system to a unified memory architecture device. The main memory is associated with a physical address space. A required linear address range is determined for the video card, and the linear address range is mapped to scattered portions in the physical address space. A page table is created containing page frame numbers corresponding to page frames in the main memory, the page frames being allocated to the device. The page frames are non-contiguous blocks of the main memory. The device is associated with a linear address space. The frame numbers are loaded into a translation look-aside buffer (TLB) for converting a linear address in the linear address space to a physical address in the physical address space.

    摘要翻译: 一种将计算机系统的主存储器中的存储器空间分配给统一存储器架构设备的方法和装置。 主存储器与物理地址空间相关联。 为视频卡确定所需的线性地址范围,线性地址范围映射到物理地址空间中的分散部分。 创建一个页表,其中包含与主存储器中的页框相对应的页框号,页框被分配给该设备。 页面帧是主存储器的不连续块。 该设备与线性地址空间相关联。 帧号被加载到用于将线性地址空间中的线性地址转换为物理地址空间中的物理地址的转换后备缓冲器(TLB)。

    System having a plurality of posting queues associated with different
types of write operations for selectively checking one queue based upon
type of read operation
    6.
    发明授权
    System having a plurality of posting queues associated with different types of write operations for selectively checking one queue based upon type of read operation 失效
    具有与不同类型的写入操作相关联的多个发布队列的系统,用于基于读取操作的类型选择性地检查一个队列

    公开(公告)号:US5634073A

    公开(公告)日:1997-05-27

    申请号:US324246

    申请日:1994-10-14

    IPC分类号: G06F12/08 G06F13/16 G06F13/00

    摘要: A memory controller which provides a series of queues between the processor and the PCI bus and the memory system. Memory coherency is maintained in two different ways. Before any read operations are accepted from the PCI bus, both of the posting queues must be empty. A content addressable memory (CAM) is utilized as the PCI to memory queue. When the processor performs a read request, the CAM is checked to determine if one of the pending write operations in the PCI to memory queue is to the same address as the read operation of the processor. If so, the read operation is not executed until the PCI memory queue is cleared of the write. To resolve the problem of aborting a Memory Read Multiple operation, an abort signal from the PCI bus interface is received and as soon thereafter as can be done the read ahead cycle is terminated, even though the read ahead cycle has not fully completed. The memory controller has improved prediction rules based on whether the cycle is coming from the processor or is coming from the PCI bus to allow more efficient precharging when PCI bus cycles are used. The memory controller is highly programmable for multiple speeds and types of processors and several speeds of memory devices. The memory controller includes a plurality of registers that specify number of clock periods for the particular portions of a conventional DRAM cycle which are used to control state machine operations.

    摘要翻译: 存储器控制器,其在处理器和PCI总线与存储器系统之间提供一系列队列。 内存一致性以两种不同的方式保持。 在PCI总线接受任何读操作之前,两个发送队列都必须为空。 内容可寻址存储器(CAM)被用作PCI到存储器队列。 当处理器执行读取请求时,检查CAM以确定PCI到存储器队列中的待处理写入操作之一是否与处理器的读取操作相同。 如果是这样,则在PCI存储器队列清除写入之前,不执行读取操作。 为了解决中止“内存读取多个”操作的问题,接收到来自PCI总线接口的中断信号,并且尽快完成读取前一周期,即使前面的读取周期尚未完全完成。 存储器控制器基于该周期是来自处理器还是来自PCI总线来改进预测规则,以在使用PCI总线周期时允许更有效的预充电。 存储器控制器是高度可编程的,适用于多种速度和类型的处理器和几种存储器件的速度。 存储器控制器包括多个寄存器,其指定用于控制状态机操作的常规DRAM周期的特定部分的时钟周期数。

    Efficient pixel packing
    7.
    发明授权
    Efficient pixel packing 有权
    高效的像素包装

    公开(公告)号:US06271867B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-08-07

    申请号:US09183912

    申请日:1998-10-31

    IPC分类号: G09G536

    CPC分类号: G09G5/393 G09G5/399

    摘要: In storing data for display, traditionally twenty-four bit video pixels have required extra video memory to store the video pixels on double word boundaries or extensive hardware to fully utilize video memory. Eight twenty-four bit video pixels are stored within three quad words in a manner that reduces the required hardware from prior approaches and fully utilizes video memory.

    摘要翻译: 在存储用于显示的数据时,传统的二十四位视频像素需要额外的视频存储器以将视频像素存储在双字边界或广泛的硬件上以充分利用视频存储器。 八个二十四位视频像素以从现有方法减少所需硬件并充分利用视频存储器的方式存储在三个四字中。

    Multimedia computer architecture with multi-channel concurrent memory
access
    8.
    发明授权
    Multimedia computer architecture with multi-channel concurrent memory access 失效
    具有多通道并发存储器访问的多媒体计算机体系结构

    公开(公告)号:US6076139A

    公开(公告)日:2000-06-13

    申请号:US940914

    申请日:1997-09-30

    摘要: A computer system providing multiple processors or masters an architecture for highly concurrent processing and data throughput. A multiple channel memory architecture provides concurrent access to memory. Arbitration and snoop logic controls access to each memory channel and maintains cache coherency. A host CPU, multimedia processor, pipes processor and display controller may independently and concurrently access memory. The pipes processor provides a decoupled input/output processor for universal serial bus and firewire serial buses to free up the host CPU.

    摘要翻译: 提供多个处理器或主机的计算机系统,用于高度并发处理和数据吞吐量的架构。 多通道存储器架构提供对存储器的并发访问。 仲裁和侦听逻辑控制对每个内存通道的访问并维护高速缓存一致性。 主机CPU,多媒体处理器,管道处理器和显示控制器可以独立并且同时访问存储器。 管道处理器为通用串行总线和火线串行总线提供了一个去耦输入/输出处理器,以释放主机CPU。

    Packet protocol and distributed burst engine
    9.
    发明授权
    Packet protocol and distributed burst engine 失效
    分组协议和分布式突发引擎

    公开(公告)号:US5978858A

    公开(公告)日:1999-11-02

    申请号:US940911

    申请日:1997-09-30

    CPC分类号: H04L12/40123 G06F12/1081

    摘要: A method and apparatus for decoupling input/output (I/O) from host processing through main memory. A command packet architecture and distributed burst engine for communicating data to an I/O device without using memory mapped I/O or host processor synchronization. The packet architecture includes a header having fields for linking packets in a list with physical and virtual addresses, thereby eliminating address translations. The distributed burst engine includes buffers and controllers for bursting the linked lists of packets between main memory and the I/O device. Doorbell registers are included for the host processor to indicate to the DBE that an event has occurred. The distributed burst engine is versatile enough to be bus independent and located virtually anywhere between main memory and the I/O device.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于通过主存储器将输入/输出(I / O)与主机处理分离的方法和装置。 用于在不使用内存映射I / O或主机处理器同步的情况下将数据传送到I / O设备的命令分组架构和分布式突发引擎。 分组架构包括具有用于将列表中的分组链接到物理和虚拟地址的字段的报头,从而消除地址转换。 分布式突发引擎包括缓冲器和控制器,用于在主存储器和I / O设备之间突发分组的链表。 主机处理器包括门铃寄存器,以向DBE指示事件已发生。 分布式突发引擎通用性足以独立于总线,几乎位于主存储器和I / O设备之间的任何地方。

    Combustion method
    10.
    发明授权
    Combustion method 失效
    燃烧法

    公开(公告)号:US4523532A

    公开(公告)日:1985-06-18

    申请号:US571963

    申请日:1984-01-17

    IPC分类号: F23C6/04 F23D1/00

    CPC分类号: F23C6/04

    摘要: A method and apparatus for combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel which substantially reduces the amount of gaseous sulfur compounds which would otherwise be emitted.A source of oxygen, a sulfur-containing fuel, and an inorganic alkaline absorbent are reacted under controlled conditions of temperature, stoichiometry, and residence time whereby the inorganic alkaline absorbent reacts with the fuel sulfur to form a mixture of combustion products and desired solid sulfur compounds, the latter being readily removed utilizing conventional filtration equipment. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture of fuel and combustion products is passed into a nitrogenous compound destruction zone wherein, under controlled conditions, the concentration of nitrogenous compounds present are reduced to a desired level.

    摘要翻译: 用于燃烧含硫燃料的方法和装置,其基本上减少否则将被排放的气态硫化合物的量。 氧气源,含硫燃料和无机碱性吸收剂在温度,化学计量和停留时间的控制条件下反应,由此无机碱性吸收剂与燃料硫反应形成燃烧产物和所需固体硫的混合物 化合物,后者使用常规的过滤设备容易地除去。 在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,燃料和燃烧产物的混合物通入含氮化合物破坏区,其中在控制条件下,存在的含氮化合物的浓度降低到所需的水平。