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公开(公告)号：US08591777B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-26
申请号：US12316740
申请日：2008-12-15
IPC分类号： B29D11/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/02247 , C03C25/62
摘要： A method of creating optical fiber to exhibit predetermined length-dependent characteristics (e.g., chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, cutoff wavelength, birefringence) includes the steps of: characterizing the fiber's selected characteristic(s) as a function of length; and performing a “treatment” which modifies the refractive index over the given length to adjust the defined parameter to fall within a defined tolerance window. These steps may be repeated one or more times until the measure of the parameter falls with the defined tolerance limits. The treatment process may include, for example, a low energy actinic radiation exposure, anneal, mechanical strain, DC voltage, plasma application, etc. Indeed, if the treatment process is repeated, a different technique may be used to adjust the refractive index (“different” processes include, for example, modifying the strength/time of a UV exposure, temperatures for annealing, etc.).
摘要翻译： 产生光纤以呈现预定长度相关特性（例如，色散，偏振模色散，截止波长，双折射）的方法包括以下步骤：将光纤的选定特性表征为长度的函数; 并且执行修改在给定长度上的折射率的“处理”，以将限定的参数调整到落入限定的公差窗内。 这些步骤可以重复一次或多次，直到参数的测量值与定义的公差极限一致。 处理过程可以包括例如低能量光化辐射暴露，退火，机械应变，DC电压，等离子体施加等。实际上，如果重复处理过程，则可以使用不同的技术来调节折射率（ “不同”方法包括例如改变UV暴露的强度/时间，退火温度等）。
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公开(公告)号：US20100148383A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12316740
申请日：2008-12-15
CPC分类号： G02B6/02247 , C03C25/62
摘要： A method of creating optical fiber to exhibit predetermined length-dependent characteristics (e.g., chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, cutoff wavelength, birefringence) includes the steps of: characterizing the fiber's selected characteristic(s) as a function of length; and performing a “treatment” which modifies the refractive index over the given length to adjust the defined parameter to fall within a defined tolerance window. These steps may be repeated one or more times until the measure of the parameter falls with the defined tolerance limits. The treatment process may include, for example, a low energy actinic radiation exposure, anneal, mechanical strain, DC voltage, plasma application, etc. Indeed, if the treatment process is repeated, a different technique may be used to adjust the refractive index (“different” processes include, for example, modifying the strength/time of a UV exposure, temperatures for annealing, etc.).
摘要翻译： 产生光纤以呈现预定长度相关特性（例如，色散，偏振模色散，截止波长，双折射）的方法包括以下步骤：将光纤的选定特性表征为长度的函数; 并且执行修改在给定长度上的折射率的“处理”，以将限定的参数调整到落入限定的公差窗内。 这些步骤可以重复一次或多次，直到参数的测量值与定义的公差极限一致。 处理过程可以包括例如低能量光化辐射暴露，退火，机械应变，DC电压，等离子体施加等。实际上，如果重复处理过程，则可以使用不同的技术来调节折射率（ “不同”方法包括例如改变UV暴露的强度/时间，退火温度等）。
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公开(公告)号：US08351111B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-08
申请号：US12778012
申请日：2010-05-11
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , H01S3/0064 , H01S3/0078 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/06733 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/08086 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/094046 , H01S3/09408 , H01S3/094084 , H01S3/09415 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/2375 , H01S3/302
摘要： A light generation and amplification system includes a length of laser-active filter fiber having a refractive index profile that suppresses unwanted Stokes orders at wavelengths longer than a target wavelength and that has normal dispersion over its operating wavelength. A nested series of reflectors is provided at the fiber's input and output ends, and are configured to provide a nested series of Raman cavities, separated in wavelength by approximately the respective Stokes shifts. The first cavity in the series is a combined cavity that provides laser oscillation due to a combination of ionic gain and feedback at a selected first wavelength and that provides Raman gain to light at the first Stokes shift of the first wavelength when light at the first wavelength has an energy exceeding a Raman scattering threshold. The Raman cavities provide a stepwise transition between the first wavelength and the target wavelength.
摘要翻译： 光生成和放大系统包括一定长度的具有折射率分布的激光有源滤波器光纤，该折射率分布在比目标波长更长的波长处抑制不期望的斯托克斯阶数，并且在其工作波长上具有正常色散。 在光纤的输入和输出端提供嵌套系列的反射器，并且被配置成提供一个嵌套的拉曼腔系列，其波长分开大约相应的斯托克斯位移。 该系列中的第一个空腔是由于在所选择的第一波长处的离子增益和反馈的组合而提供激光振荡的组合腔，并且当第一波长的光在第一波长的第一斯托克斯位移时提供拉曼增益 具有超过拉曼散射阈值的能量。 拉曼腔提供第一波长和目标波长之间的逐步转变。
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公开(公告)号：US20100290106A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-18
申请号：US12778012
申请日：2010-05-11
IPC分类号： H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , H01S3/0064 , H01S3/0078 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/06733 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/08086 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/094046 , H01S3/09408 , H01S3/094084 , H01S3/09415 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/2375 , H01S3/302
摘要： A light generation and amplification system includes a length of laser-active filter fiber having a refractive index profile that suppresses unwanted Stokes orders at wavelengths longer than a target wavelength and that has normal dispersion over its operating wavelength. A nested series of reflectors is provided at the fiber's input and output ends, and are configured to provide a nested series of Raman cavities, separated in wavelength by approximately the respective Stokes shifts. The first cavity in the series is a combined cavity that provides laser oscillation due to a combination of ionic gain and feedback at a selected first wavelength and that provides Raman gain to light at the first Stokes shift of the first wavelength when light at the first wavelength has an energy exceeding a Raman scattering threshold. The Raman cavities provide a stepwise transition between the first wavelength and the target wavelength.
摘要翻译： 光生成和放大系统包括一定长度的具有折射率分布的激光有源滤波器光纤，该折射率分布在比目标波长更长的波长处抑制不期望的斯托克斯阶数，并且在其工作波长上具有正常色散。 在光纤的输入和输出端提供嵌套系列的反射器，并且被配置成提供一个嵌套的拉曼腔系列，其波长分开大约相应的斯托克斯位移。 该系列中的第一个空腔是由于在所选择的第一波长处的离子增益和反馈的组合而提供激光振荡的组合腔，并且当第一波长的光在第一波长的第一斯托克斯位移时提供拉曼增益 具有超过拉曼散射阈值的能量。 拉曼腔提供第一波长和目标波长之间的逐步转变。
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公开(公告)号：US07013678B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-21
申请号：US10247101
申请日：2002-09-19
IPC分类号： C03B37/018
CPC分类号： G02B6/0281 , C03B37/01228 , C03B2201/31 , C03B2203/14 , C03B2203/26 , C03B2203/42 , G02B6/32
摘要： A GRIN fiber lens is fabricated by the steps of providing a graded index glass preform, thinning the graded index preform to remove a sufficient thickness of the graded glass to establish a desired Δn, and drawing a graded index optical fiber from the thinned graded index preform. Thinning, in this context, refers to removal of graded index glass from the outside of the graded index preform so as to reduce its outer diameter. The thinning thus changes Δn which is the refractive index difference between the center of the preform and its outer surface. The graded index preform can be provided by MCVD deposition followed by removal of the starting tube glass, by OVD deposition, by VAD, or by ion exchange fabrication. The thinned graded index preform is advantageously annealed before drawing in order to minimize ripple. And, in a variation of the process, an overcladding can be applied over the thinned graded preform before draw for further adjustment or control of the Δn.
摘要翻译： 通过以下步骤制造GRIN纤维透镜：提供渐变折射率玻璃预成型件，使渐变折射率预成型件变薄以去除足够厚度的渐变玻璃以建立所需的Deltan，并从减薄的渐变折射率预成型件 。 在本文中，变薄是指从分级折射率预成型件的外部去除渐变的折射率玻璃，从而减小其外径。 变薄因此改变Deltan，Deltan是预成型件的中心与其外表面之间的折射率差。 分级折射率预成型件可以通过MCVD沉积提供，然后通过OVD沉积，VAD或通过离子交换制造去除起始管玻璃。 减薄的渐变折射率预成型件在拉伸之前有利地被退火，以使纹波最小化。 而且，在该过程的变化中，可以在拉伸之前在薄化的梯度预成型件上施加外包以进一步调节或控制Deltan。
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公开(公告)号：US06504973B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-07
申请号：US10099820
申请日：2002-03-16
申请人： David J. DiGiovanni , William Alfred Reed , Jeffrey W. Nicholson , Man Fei Yan , Bera Palsdottir
发明人： David J. DiGiovanni , William Alfred Reed , Jeffrey W. Nicholson , Man Fei Yan , Bera Palsdottir
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/29376 , H04B10/2525 , H04B10/2916 , H04B2210/003
摘要： A Raman amplified dispersion compensation module has a first dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) with an input end and an output end. The first DCF has a known Raman gain coefficient (gr(&lgr;)), Raman effective fiber area (AReff), and dispersion characteristic. An input end of a second DCF is arranged to receive light signals from the output end of the first DCF. The second DCF has a known gain coefficient and effective area, and a dispersion characteristic selected to cooperate with that of the first DCF to produce a desired total module dispersion. The lengths of the DCFs are selected in a manner that optimizes the overall module gain.
摘要翻译： 拉曼放大色散补偿模块具有带输入端和输出端的第一色散补偿光纤（DCF）。 第一个DCF具有已知的拉曼增益系数（gr（lambd）），拉曼有效光纤面积（AReff）和色散特性。 第二DCF的输入端布置成从第一DCF的输出端接收光信号。 第二DCF具有已知的增益系数和有效面积，以及选择与第一DCF的增益系数和有效面积配合的色散特性，以产生所需的总模块色散。 以优化总体模块增益的方式选择DCF的长度。
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公开(公告)号：US20090211303A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-27
申请号：US12072433
申请日：2008-02-26
申请人： David J. DiGiovanni , Michael LuValle , George E. Oulundsen , Durgesh Shivram Vaidya , Robert Lingle, JR.
发明人： David J. DiGiovanni , Michael LuValle , George E. Oulundsen , Durgesh Shivram Vaidya , Robert Lingle, JR.
IPC分类号： G02B6/00
CPC分类号： C03C13/047 , C03C25/607 , C03C25/6286
摘要： Adverse hydrogen aging limitations in multiply-doped optical fibers are overcome by passivating these optical fibers using a deuterium passivation process. This treatment essentially pre-reacts the glass with deuterium so that the most active glass sites are no longer available to react with hydrogen in service. Optical fibers of main interest are doped with mixtures of germanium and phosphorus. Optimum passivating process conditions are described.
摘要翻译： 通过使用氘钝化工艺钝化这些光纤来克服多掺杂光纤中的不利氢老化限制。 该处理基本上预先使氘与玻璃反应，使得最活泼的玻璃位置不再可用于在使用中与氢气反应。 主要兴趣的光纤掺杂有锗和磷的混合物。 描述了最佳钝化工艺条件。
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公开(公告)号：US5609665A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US521934
申请日：1995-08-31
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , C03B37/012 , C03B37/014 , C03C13/04
CPC分类号： C03B37/0124 , C03B37/01245 , C03B37/01274 , C03B2201/02 , C03B2201/31 , C03B2201/32 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2201/36 , C03B2201/50 , C03B2201/86
摘要： The disclosed method of making a mixed glass optical fiber exemplarily comprises providing a high-silica tube, and causing molten non-high silica glass to flow into the bore of the tube by application of a pressure differential. In order to prevent cracking, the tube desirably has an outer diameter/inner diameter ratio of at least 5, preferably about 10 or even more, and an inner diameter of at most 1 min. In a preferred embodiment, a conventional SiO.sub.2 tube is partially collapsed to an inner diameter less than 1 mm, a quantity of a non-high-silica glass is placed in a neck of the partially collapsed tube and heated such that molten glass communicates with the reduced-diameter portion of the bore and can be drawn into the reduced-diameter portion by means of a vacuum. The resulting mixed glass body is then further stretched to result in a core rod of core diameter at most 0.3 min. After overcladding the core rod with SiO.sub.2, fiber is drawn from the thus produced preform. A thus produced fiber with SiO.sub.2 cladding and SiO.sub.2 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -La.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Er.sub.2 O.sub.3 core was used as an optical fiber amplifier and provided high gain.
摘要翻译： 公开的制造混合玻璃光纤的方法示例性地包括提供高硅胶管，并且使熔融的非高硅石玻璃通过施加压差而流入管的孔中。 为了防止开裂，管理想地具有至少5，优选约10甚至更大，内径至多1分钟的外径/内径比。 在一个优选实施例中，常规的SiO 2管部分地塌陷到小于1mm的内径，将非高硅石玻璃的量放置在部分塌缩的管的颈部中并加热使得熔融玻璃与 孔的缩径部分并且可以通过真空被拉入缩径部分。 然后将得到的混合玻璃体进一步拉伸，得到芯直径至多0.3分钟的芯棒。 在用SiO 2包覆芯棒之后，从如此制备的预制件中拉出纤维。 将由此制得的具有SiO 2包层的纤维和SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -Sa 2 O 3 -Er 2 O 3核心用作光纤放大器并提供高增益。
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公开(公告)号：US5430572A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-04
申请号：US129825
申请日：1993-09-30
申请人： David J. DiGiovanni , Joseph D. Evankow , Jonathan A. Nagel , Richard G. Smart , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
发明人： David J. DiGiovanni , Joseph D. Evankow , Jonathan A. Nagel , Richard G. Smart , James W. Sulhoff , John L. Zyskind
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , C03C13/04 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/17 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S2301/02 , H01S3/0078 , H01S3/094061 , H01S3/09408 , H04B2210/003
摘要： High output power, high gain, and low noise are achieved in a two-stage optical amplifier, suitable for use as a repeater for a long haul lightwave communication system, in accordance with the principles of the invention, by employing a first amplifying stage having a signal gain sufficiently small to prevent self-saturation by amplified stimulated emission (ASE) that uses counter-propagating pump light to cause maximum inversion of the first stage amplifying medium. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, EDFAs are used in each of two amplifying stages. The length of the EDFA in the first stage is short enough to ensure nearly complete inversion of the EDFA from pump light that counter-propagates with the signal. The counter-propagating pump light allows the invention to advantageously avoid the significant noise figure penalty from the input loss associated with co-propagating pump light. And, noise figure is improved because complete inversion is achieved throughout the EDFA, and, at the input where the noise figure is most sensitive to inversion. The short length also eliminates self-saturation of the EDFA from ASE which degrades the noise figure. However, the length, and hence the gain, of the EDFA in the first stage is long enough to provide sufficient gain so that the noise figure of the two-stage amplifier, as a whole, is determined primarily by that of the first stage. A second EDFA in the second stage of the amplifier may then be configured using co-propagating or counter-propagating pump light for additional signal amplification to provide the required output power and gain for long haul lightwave systems. Other aspects of illustrative embodiments of the invention include the use of passive optical elements including filters, isolators, and attenuators.
摘要翻译： 在根据本发明的原理的适合用作长距离光波通信系统的中继器的两级光放大器中实现高输出功率，高增益和低噪声，通过采用第一放大级具有 信号增益足够小以通过使用反向传播的泵浦光来引起第一级放大介质的最大反转的放大的受激发射（ASE）来防止自饱和。 在本发明的说明性实施例中，EDFA用于两个放大级中的每一个。 EDFA在第一阶段的长度足够短，以确保EDFA与泵浦光几乎完全反转，该信号与信号反向传播。 反向传播的泵浦光允许本发明有利地避免与共同传播的泵浦光相关联的输入损耗的显着的噪声指数损失。 并且，噪声系数得到改善，因为在整个EDFA中完成了反演，并且在噪声系数对反演最敏感的输入处。 短的长度还消除了ASE中EDFA的自饱和度，降低了噪声系数。 然而，EDFA在第一级中的长度以及因此的增益足够长以提供足够的增益，使得两级放大器的噪声系数作为整体主要由第一级决定。 然后可以使用共同传播或反向传播的泵浦光来配置放大器的第二级中的第二EDFA，用于附加的信号放大，以为远距离的光波系统提供所需的输出功率和增益。 本发明的说明性实施例的其它方面包括使用包括滤波器，隔离器和衰减器的无源光学元件。
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公开(公告)号：US5237576A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-17
申请号：US878791
申请日：1992-05-05
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , G02B6/02057 , H01S3/106 , H01S3/0672 , H01S3/08031 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1693
摘要： An article, such as an optical communication system, which includes a laser formed in an optical waveguide or optical fiber having a rare-earth-doped core or core portion. In one embodiment, the optical resonant cavity of the laser is at least partially defined by a distributed Bragg reflector formed in a portion of the core. In contrast to the prior art, the length of the optical resonant cavity is about 5 cm or less.
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