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    Focused droplet nebulizer for evaporative light scattering detector
    1.
    发明申请
    Focused droplet nebulizer for evaporative light scattering detector 有权
    用于蒸发光散射检测器的聚焦液滴雾化器

    公开(公告)号：US20070023037A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-02-01

    申请号：US11191272

    申请日：2005-07-27

    申请人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    发明人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    IPC分类号： A61M11/00

    CPC分类号： A61M11/005 ,  A61M11/001 ,  A61M16/1095 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N30/84 ,  G01N2030/847 ,  G01N21/47

    摘要： A focused droplet nebulizer of the invention produces substantially uniform droplets of a predetermined size. Droplets are pushed out through a small outlet orifice by the contraction of a chamber. The droplets can be carried on a substantially non-divergent path in a drift tube. A piezo membrane micro pump acts in response to an electrical control signal to force a droplet out of the outlet orifice. The nebulizer can operate at frequencies permitting a stream of individual droplets of the predetermined size to be sent along the substantially non-divergent path in the drift tube in a preferred embodiment ELSD device.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的聚焦液滴雾化器产生预定尺寸的基本均匀的液滴。 通过室的收缩将液滴从小出口孔推出。 液滴可以在漂移管中的基本上不发散的路径上承载。 压电膜微泵响应于电控制信号而起作用以迫使液滴离开出口孔。 在优选实施例的ELSD装置中，雾化器可以以允许预定尺寸的各个液滴流沿漂移管中的基本非发散路径发送的频率工作。

    Light scattering detector
    2.
    发明申请
    Light scattering detector 有权
    光散射检测器

    公开(公告)号：US20050179904A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-18

    申请号：US10780278

    申请日：2004-02-17

    申请人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    发明人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    IPC分类号： G01N21/00 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N30/84

    CPC分类号： G01N30/74 ,  G01N21/0303 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N2030/847 ,  G01N2030/8494 ,  G01N2201/0642 ,  G01N21/47

    摘要： The invention concerns high sensitivity light scattering detection and its application to evaporative light scattering detection in liquid chromatography. The exemplary embodiment includes a detection cell to accept particles suspended in a gas stream and permit a polarized light beam to pass through a trajectory of the particles and gas stream. A sample light detector is disposed to detect light scattered in the detection cell. A light trap accepts the polarized beam after it passes through the detection cell. The light trap includes an elongated housing through which the polarized beam passes, and light absorptive material within the elongated housing. An absorptive filter is aligned such that the angle of incidence of the light beam upon the filter approximates Brewster's angle and the electric field vector of the beam is aligned with the plane of incidence between the beam and the filter. Other embodiments of the invention provide increased light collection. Embodiments of the invention include temperature-controlled entrance and exit ports that control particle trajectory. Embodiments of the invention include a reference cell disposed between a detection cell and a light trap, and the reference cell includes lensing and a spherical mirror to direct light toward a reference light detector. The reference light detector provides a reference signal that may be used with noise cancellation circuitry, operating in either voltage or current mode, to reduce light source noise in the sample signal.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及高灵敏度光散射检测及其在液相色谱中的蒸发光散射检测中的应用。 该示例性实施例包括接收悬浮在气流中的颗粒并允许偏振光束通过颗粒和气流的轨迹的检测单元。 设置采样光检测器以检测在检测单元中散射的光。 光阱在其通过检测单元之后接受偏振光束。 光阱包括通过偏振光束通过的细长壳体和细长壳体内的光吸收材料。 对准吸收滤光器，使得光束在滤光片上的入射角近似于布鲁斯特角，并且光束的电场矢量与光束与滤光片之间的入射平面对准。 本发明的其它实施例提供增加的光收集。 本发明的实施例包括控制粒子轨迹的温度控制的入口和出口。 本发明的实施例包括设置在检测单元和光阱之间的参考单元，并且参考单元包括透镜和球面镜，以将光引向参考光检测器。 参考光检测器提供可用于噪声消除电路的参考信号，其以电压或电流模式工作，以减少采样信号中的光源噪声。

    NOISE CANCELLATION IN FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
    3.
    发明申请
    NOISE CANCELLATION IN FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 有权
    在FOURIER变换光谱测定中的噪声消除

    公开(公告)号：US20070291255A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-20

    申请号：US11845580

    申请日：2007-08-27

    申请人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    发明人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    IPC分类号： G01N21/00

    CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/0286 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2021/3137 ,  G01N2201/0227 ,  G01N2201/127

    摘要： Increasing signal to noise ratio in optical spectra obtained by spectrophotometers. An interferometer introduces interference effects into a source light beam. A dual beam configuration splits the source beam having the interference effects into a reference beam and a sample beam. The reference beam interacts with a reference substance and is detected by a reference detector. The sample beam interacts with a sample substance and is detected by a sample detector. An optical spectra of the sample is based on the difference between the detected reference beam and the detected sample beam.

    摘要翻译： 通过分光光度计获得的光谱增加信噪比。 干涉仪将干扰效应引入源光束。 双光束配置将具有干涉效应的源光束分解成参考光束和样本光束。 参考光束与参考物质相互作用，并由参考检测器检测。 样品束与样品物质相互作用，并由样品检测器检测。 样品的光谱基于检测到的参考光束和检测到的样品光束之间的差异。

    LIGHT SCATTERING DETECTOR
    4.
    发明申请
    LIGHT SCATTERING DETECTOR 失效
    光散射检测器

    公开(公告)号：US20070296971A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-27

    申请号：US11853682

    申请日：2007-09-11

    申请人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    发明人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    IPC分类号： G01N21/00

    CPC分类号： G01N30/74 ,  G01N21/0303 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N2030/847 ,  G01N2030/8494 ,  G01N2201/0642 ,  G01N21/47

    摘要： The invention concerns high sensitivity light scattering detection and its application to evaporative light scattering detection in liquid chromatography. The exemplary embodiment includes a detection cell to accept particles suspended in a gas stream and permit a polarized light beam to pass through a trajectory of the particles and gas stream. A sample light detector is disposed to detect light scattered in the detection cell. A light trap accepts the polarized beam after it passes through the detection cell. The light trap includes an elongated housing through which the polarized beam passes, and light absorptive material within the elongated housing. An absorptive filter is aligned such that the angle of incidence of the light beam upon the filter approximates Brewster's angle and the electric field vector of the beam is aligned with the plane of incidence between the beam and the filter. Other embodiments of the invention provide increased light collection. Embodiments of the invention include temperature-controlled entrance and exit ports that control particle trajectory. Embodiments of the invention include a reference cell disposed between a detection cell and a light trap, and the reference cell includes lensing and a spherical mirror to direct light toward a reference light detector. The reference light detector provides a reference signal that may be used with noise cancellation circuitry, operating in either voltage or current mode, to reduce light source noise in the sample signal.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及高灵敏度光散射检测及其在液相色谱中的蒸发光散射检测中的应用。 该示例性实施例包括接收悬浮在气流中的颗粒并允许偏振光束通过颗粒和气流的轨迹的检测单元。 设置采样光检测器以检测在检测单元中散射的光。 光阱在其通过检测单元之后接受偏振光束。 光阱包括通过偏振光束通过的细长壳体和细长壳体内的光吸收材料。 对准吸收滤光器，使得光束在滤光片上的入射角近似于布鲁斯特角，并且光束的电场矢量与光束与滤光片之间的入射平面对准。 本发明的其它实施例提供增加的光收集。 本发明的实施例包括控制粒子轨迹的温度控制的入口和出口。 本发明的实施例包括设置在检测单元和光阱之间的参考单元，并且参考单元包括透镜和球面镜，以将光引向参考光检测器。 参考光检测器提供可用于噪声消除电路的参考信号，其以电压或电流模式工作，以减少采样信号中的光源噪声。

    Ultrasensitive spectrophotometer
    5.
    发明申请
    Ultrasensitive spectrophotometer 有权
    超声分光光度计

    公开(公告)号：US20060152726A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-07-13

    申请号：US11035034

    申请日：2005-01-13

    申请人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    发明人： David Larsen ,  Zhi Xu

    IPC分类号： G01J3/51

    CPC分类号： G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0224 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/0286 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N2021/3137 ,  G01N2201/0227 ,  G01N2201/0642 ,  G01N2201/127

    摘要： The invention concerns measurements in which light interacts with matter giving rise to changes in light intensity, and preferred embodiment spectrophotometer devices of the invention provide for ultrasensitive measurements through a reflection interaction with matter. The level of light source noise in these measurements can be reduced in accordance with the invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention use sealed housings lacking an internal light source, and reflection based sample and reference cells. In some embodiments a substantially solid thermally conductive housing is used. Other features of preferred embodiments include particular reflection based sample and reference cells. A total internal reflection embodiment includes, for example, a prism including an interaction surface, a detector, a lens that focuses a beam output from the prism onto the detector, and a closed interaction volume having an inlet and an outlet for delivering gas or liquid to the interaction surface. In a specular reflection embodiment, a reflective surface is used instead of a prism. In a diffuse reflection embodiment a matte surface is used instead of a prism and the matte surface produces scattering. Aspects of the invention include identification of noise-contributing components in spectrophotometry and the select set of preferred features in a given embodiment, and noise levels very near the shot noise limit may be realized with application of preferred embodiment devices.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及测量光，其中光与引起光强变化的物质相互作用，并且本发明的优选实施方式的分光光度计装置通过与物质的反射相互作用来提供超灵敏测量。 根据本发明，可以减少这些测量中的光源噪声的水平。 本发明的优选实施例使用缺少内部光源的密封壳体，以及基于反射的样品和参考单元。 在一些实施例中，使用基本上固体的导热壳体。 优选实施方案的其它特征包括特定的基于反射的样品和参考细胞。 全内反射实施例包括例如包括相互作用表面的棱镜，检测器，将从棱镜输出的光束聚焦到检测器上的透镜以及具有用于输送气体或液体的入口和出口的封闭相互作用体积 到相互作用的表面。 在镜面反射实施例中，使用反射表面代替棱镜。 在漫反射实施例中，使用无光泽表面代替棱镜，并且无光泽表面产生散射。 本发明的方面包括在给定实施例中识别分光光度法中的噪声贡献成分以及在一特定实施例中选择的一组优选特征，并且通过应用优选实施例装置可以实现非常接近散粒噪声极限的噪声水平。

    Seed and plant growth medium module
    7.
    发明授权
    Seed and plant growth medium module 失效
    种子和植物生长培养基模块

    公开(公告)号：US08458955B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-06-11

    申请号：US12996615

    申请日：2009-10-30

    申请人： David Larsen

    发明人： David Larsen

    IPC分类号： A01G9/02

    CPC分类号： A01C1/04

    摘要： A seed and plant growth medium module includes a seed embedded in plant growth medium which is encapsulated in a biodegradable moisture retaining shell. The shell has a bottom with an upper covering. A root opening is provided in the bottom to allow egress of roots as the seed germinates. A plant egress opening is provided in the upper covering to allow upward growth of a plant resulting when the seed germinates. At least one water entry opening is provided in the shell to allow entry of moisture into the shell to wet the plant growth medium.

    摘要翻译： 种子和植物生长培养基模块包括嵌入植物生长培养基中的种子，其被包封在可生物降解的保湿壳中。 外壳有一个带上盖的底部。 底部提供根部开口以允许种子在种子发芽时排出根部。 在上盖中设置植物出口开口，以允许种子发芽时产生的植物向上生长。 在壳体中设置至少一个进水口，以允许水分进入壳体以润湿植物生长培养基。

    TRANSACTION BASED VERIFICATION OF A SYSTEM ON CHIP ON SYSTEM LEVEL BY TRANSLATING TRANSACTIONS INTO MACHINE CODE
    9.
    发明申请
    TRANSACTION BASED VERIFICATION OF A SYSTEM ON CHIP ON SYSTEM LEVEL BY TRANSLATING TRANSACTIONS INTO MACHINE CODE 审中-公开
    通过将交易转换为机器代码进行基于交易的系统验证系统级别

    公开(公告)号：US20090144012A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-06-04

    申请号：US12122017

    申请日：2008-05-16

    申请人： Christian Haufe ,  Ingo Kuehn ,  David Larsen

    发明人： Christian Haufe ,  Ingo Kuehn ,  David Larsen

    IPC分类号： G01R31/00

    CPC分类号： G06F11/263 ,  G06F11/2236

    摘要： In a transaction-based verification environment for complex semiconductor devices, enhanced verification efficiency may be achieved by providing a transaction to machine code translator and an appropriate interface that enables access of the translated machine code instruction by a CPU under test. In this manner, transaction-based test environments may have a high degree of reusability and may be used for verification on block level and system level.

    摘要翻译： 在用于复杂半导体器件的基于事务的验证环境中，可以通过向机器代码转换器提供交易来实现增强的验证效率，并且可以通过适当的接口来实现提高的验证效率，该接口使得被测试的CPU能够访问经翻译的机器代码 以这种方式，基于事务的测试环境可能具有高度的可重用性，并且可以用于块级和系统级的验证。