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公开(公告)号：US06763705B1
公开(公告)日：2004-07-20
申请号：US10462249
申请日：2003-06-16
IPC分类号： G01N2700
CPC分类号： G01N33/54373 , G01N29/022 , G01N2291/012 , G01N2291/014 , G01N2291/0255 , G01N2291/0256 , G01N2291/106
摘要： In an improved uncoated microcantilever detector, the sample sites are placed on a separate semi-conducting substrate and the microcantilever element detects and measures the changes before and after a chemical interaction or hybridization of the sites by sensing differences of phase angle between an alternating voltage applied to the microcantilever element and vibration of the microcantilever element. In another embodiment of the invention, multiple sample sites are on a sample array wherein an array of microcantilever elements detect and measure the change before and after chemical interactions or hybridizations of the sample sites.
摘要翻译： 在改进的未涂覆微悬臂梁检测器中，将样品位置放置在单独的半导体衬底上，并且微悬臂元件通过感测所施加的交流电压之间的相位角的差异来检测并测量化学相互作用或场地杂交之前和之后的变化 到微型悬臂元件和微悬臂梁元件的振动。 在本发明的另一个实施方案中，多个样品位点在样品阵列上，其中微悬臂梁元件的阵列在样品位点的化学相互作用或杂化之前和之后检测和测量变化。
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公开(公告)号：US08110082B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-07
申请号：US11731952
申请日：2007-04-02
IPC分类号： G01N27/453 , H01L31/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/305
摘要： A method, system, and apparatus are provided for separating molecules, such as biomolecules. The method, system, and apparatus utilize an electrochemical cell having at least two electrodes, one electrode comprising a photo-sensitive material capable of generating a photopotential. Molecules are moved through an electrolyte medium between the at least two electrodes based upon localized photopotentials.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种分离分子的方法，系统和装置，例如生物分子。 该方法，系统和装置利用具有至少两个电极的电化学电池，一个电极包括能够产生光电势的光敏材料。 基于局部的光电势，分子在至少两个电极之间移动通过电解质介质。
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公开(公告)号：US07211181B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-01
申请号：US10365242
申请日：2003-02-12
IPC分类号： G01N27/447 , G01N27/453
CPC分类号： G01N27/305
摘要： A method, system, and apparatus are provided for separating molecules, such as biomolecules. The method, system, and apparatus utilize an electrochemical cell having at least to electrodes, one electrode comprising a photo-sensitive material capable of generating a photopotential. Molecules are moved through an electrolyte medium between the at least two electrodes based upon localized photopotentials.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种分离分子的方法，系统和装置，例如生物分子。 该方法，系统和装置利用至少具有电极的电化学电池，一个电极包括能够产生光致电位的光敏材料。 基于局部的光电势，分子在至少两个电极之间移动通过电解质介质。
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公开(公告)号：US06831747B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-14
申请号：US10338614
申请日：2003-01-08
IPC分类号： G01N2155
CPC分类号： G01N21/553
摘要： A microoptoelectromechanical integrated spectrometer with a photonic element assembly having metal foil removably disposed on a first transparent substrate surface, the substrate having no foil on any other surface. A means is provided for directing source photons that are reflected from or transmitted through a sample, over a range of angles of incidence, into the transparent substrate and onto the metal foil such that source photons are incident at the Brewsters angle. A means is also provided for detecting an induced exponential field in the metal foil. A means is also provided for relating the induced exponential field to a known exponential field for the sample and determining the identity of the sample. The spectrometer performs ultraviolet-to-visible-to-infrared spectroscopy using photon tunneling and surface plasmon excitation.
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公开(公告)号：US07090757B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-15
申请号：US10077633
申请日：2002-02-15
IPC分类号： G01N27/447 , G01N27/453
CPC分类号： G01N27/305
摘要： A method and apparatus for separating molecules. The apparatus includes a substrate having a surface. A film in contact with the surface defines a substrate/film interface. An electrode electrically connected to the film applies a voltage potential between the electrode and the substrate to form a depletion region in the substrate at the substrate/film interface. A photon energy source having an energy level greater than the potential is directed at the depletion region to form electron-hole pairs in the depletion region. At least one of the electron-hole pairs is separated by the potential into an independent electron and an independent hole having opposite charges and move in opposing directions. One of the electron and hole reach the substrate/film interface to create a photopotential in the film causing charged molecules in the film to move in response to the localized photovoltage.
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6.发明授权Electrochemical sensor having suspended element counter electrode and deflection method for current sensing 有权具有悬浮元件对电极的电化学传感器和电流检测的偏转方法公开(公告)号：US07716965B2
公开(公告)日：2010-05-18
申请号：US11588542
申请日：2006-10-27
IPC分类号： G01N27/00
CPC分类号： G01N29/036 , G01N2291/0256
摘要： An electrochemical suspended element-based sensor system includes a solution cell for holding an electrolyte comprising solution including at least one electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species. A working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE) and a counter electrode (CE) are disposed in the solution. The CE includes an asymmetric suspended element, wherein one side of the suspended element includes a metal or a highly doped semiconductor surface. The suspended element bends when current associated with reduction or oxidation of the electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species at the WE passes through the suspended element. At least one measurement system measures the bending of the suspended element or a parameter which is a function of the bending.
摘要翻译： 基于电化学悬浮元件的传感器系统包括用于保持电解质的溶液池，所述电解质包含至少一种电化学还原性或可氧化物质的溶液。 在该溶液中设置工作电极（WE），参比电极（RE）和对电极（CE）。 CE包括不对称悬置元件，其中悬浮元件的一侧包括金属或高度掺杂的半导体表面。 当与WE的电化学还原性或可氧化物质的还原或氧化相关的电流通过悬浮元件时，悬浮元件弯曲。 至少一个测量系统测量悬挂元件的弯曲或作为弯曲函数的参数。
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7.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20090020426A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-22
申请号：US11778162
申请日：2007-07-16
申请人： Thomas G. Thundat , Ali Passian , Rubye H. Farahi
发明人： Thomas G. Thundat , Ali Passian , Rubye H. Farahi
IPC分类号： G01N27/26
CPC分类号： B01L3/50273 , B01L3/502792 , B01L2200/0652 , B01L2200/10 , B01L2300/0663 , B01L2300/0819 , B01L2300/0851 , B01L2300/089 , B01L2300/165 , B01L2300/1861 , B01L2400/04 , B01L2400/0427 , B01L2400/0448 , B01L2400/0496
摘要： Low energy light illumination and either a doped semiconductor surface or a surface-plasmon supporting surface are used in combination for manipulating a fluid on the surface in the absence of any applied electric fields or flow channels. Precise control of fluid flow is achieved by applying focused or tightly collimated low energy light to the surface-fluid interface. In the first embodiment, with an appropriate dopant level in the semiconductor substrate, optically excited charge carriers are made to move to the surface when illuminated. In a second embodiment, with a thin-film noble metal surface on a dispersive substrate, optically excited surface plasmons are created for fluid manipulation. This electrode-less optical control of the Marangoni effect provides re-configurable manipulations of fluid flow, thereby paving the way for reprogrammable microfluidic devices.
摘要翻译： 组合使用低能量光照射和掺杂半导体表面或表面等离子体支撑表面，以在没有任何施加的电场或流动通道的情况下操纵表面上的流体。 通过将聚焦或紧密准直的低能量光施加到表面 - 流体界面来实现流体流动的精确控制。 在第一实施例中，在半导体衬底中具有适当的掺杂剂水平，使光激发的电荷载流子在被照射时移动到表面。 在第二实施例中，利用分散衬底上的薄膜贵金属表面，产生用于流体操纵的光激发的表面等离子体激元。 Marangoni效应的无电极光学控制提供了可重新配置的流体流动操作，从而为重新编程的微流体装置铺平了道路。
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公开(公告)号：US06289717B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-18
申请号：US09281032
申请日：1999-03-30
申请人： Thomas G. Thundat , K. Bruce Jacobson , Mitchel J. Doktycz , Stephen J. Kennel , Robert J. Warmack
发明人： Thomas G. Thundat , K. Bruce Jacobson , Mitchel J. Doktycz , Stephen J. Kennel , Robert J. Warmack
IPC分类号： G01N1910
CPC分类号： G01N33/54373
摘要： A sensor apparatus is provided using a microcantilevered spring element having a coating of a detector molecule such as an antibody or antigen. A sample containing a target molecule or substrate is provided to the coating. The spring element bends in response to the stress induced by the binding which occurs between the detector and target molecules. Deflections of the cantilever are detected by a variety of detection techniques. The microcantilever may be approximately 1 to 200 &mgr;m long, approximately 1 to 50 &mgr;m wide, and approximately 0.3 to 3.0 &mgr;m thick. A sensitivity for detection of deflections is in the range of 0.01 nanometers.
摘要翻译： 使用具有检测器分子如抗体或抗原的涂层的微悬臂弹簧元件提供传感器装置。 将包含靶分子或基底的样品提供给涂层。 弹簧元件响应于由检测器和靶分子之间发生的结合引起的应力而弯曲。 通过各种检测技术检测悬臂的偏转。 该微悬臂梁的长度可以为约1至200μm，宽度大约为1至50μm，厚度为0.3至3.0μm。 检测偏转的灵敏度在0.01纳米的范围内。
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9.发明授权Electrostatically tunable resonance frequency beam utilizing a stress-sensitive film 失效使用应力敏感膜的静电可调共振频率束公开(公告)号：US06263736B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-24
申请号：US09404954
申请日：1999-09-24
IPC分类号： G01P1500
摘要： Methods and apparatus for detecting particular frequencies of acoustic vibration utilize an electrostatically-tunable beam element having a stress-sensitive coating and means for providing electrostatic force to controllably deflect the beam element thereby changing its stiffness and its resonance frequency. It is then determined from the response of the electrostatically-tunable beam element to the acoustical vibration to which the beam is exposed whether or not a particular frequency or frequencies of acoustic vibration are detected.
摘要翻译： 用于检测声振动特定频率的方法和装置利用具有应力敏感涂层的静电可调波束元件，以及用于提供静电力以控制地偏转光束元件从而改变其刚度及其谐振频率的装置。 然后，从静电可调波束元件的响应确定到波束曝光的声振动，无论是否检测到特定频率或声频振动。
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公开(公告)号：US5445008A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-29
申请号：US217411
申请日：1994-03-24
申请人： Eric A. Wachter , Thomas G. Thundat
发明人： Eric A. Wachter , Thomas G. Thundat
CPC分类号： G01N29/036 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y35/00 , G01N2291/0257
摘要： A mass microsensor is fabricated with a microcantilever oscillated by a piezoelectric transducer. A chemical coating having absorptive or adsorptive affinity for a specifically targeted chemical or compound is applied to the microcantilever for oscillation in the monitored atmosphere. Molecules of the targeted chemical attach to the microcantilever coating resulting in an oscillating mass increase which influences the resonant frequency of the microcantilever oscillation. The rate at which the coated microcantilever accumulates the target chemical is functional of the target chemical concentration. Consequently, the extent of microcantilever oscillation frequency change is related to the concentration of the target chemical within the monitored atmosphere. Such oscillation frequency changes are detected by a center-crossing photodiode which responds to a laser diode beam reflected from the microcantilever surface resulting in an output frequency from the photodiode that is synchronous with the microcantilever frequency.
摘要翻译： 质量微传感器由具有由压电传感器振荡的微悬臂梁制造。 将具有吸收或吸附亲和力的化学涂层施加到微悬臂梁上以在监测的气氛中振荡。 目标化学物质的分子附着在微悬臂梁涂层上，导致振荡质量增加，影响微悬臂梁振荡的共振频率。 涂覆的微悬臂梁累积目标化学物质的速率是目标化学物质浓度的函数。 因此，微悬臂梁振荡频率变化的程度与被监测气氛中目标化学物质的浓度有关。 这种振荡频率变化由中心交叉光电二极管检测，该中心交叉光电二极管响应于从微悬臂梁表面反射的激光二极管光束，导致来自与微悬臂梁频率同步的光电二极管的输出频率。
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