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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4339573A
公开(公告)日：1982-07-13
申请号：US165868
申请日：1980-07-07
IPC分类号： C08B11/02 , C08B1/08 , C08B1/06 , C08B11/193
CPC分类号： C08B1/08
摘要： This invention relates to an improved process for preparing cellulose derivatives by alkalizing cellulose to form alkali cellulose, alkylating the alkali cellulose to form alkylated alkali cellulose, and recovering the alkylated alkali cellulose. According to the process of the invention, finely-divided, preferably powdered, cellulose is reacted with an aqueous-alcoholic alkali metal hydroxide solution at a temperature of from about 20.degree. to 120.degree. C., to form alkali cellulose, oxygen is removed, and the water content is reduced to from about 2.5 to 6.0 moles per anhydroglucose unit, prior to alkylization.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过碱化纤维素来形成碱纤维素，烷基化碱性纤维素以形成烷基化碱纤维素并回收烷基化碱纤维素来制备纤维素衍生物的改进方法。 根据本发明的方法，将微细的，优选粉末状的纤维素与约20-120℃的水性醇碱金属氢氧化物溶液反应，形成碱性纤维素，除去氧气， 并且在烷基化之前将水含量降低至约2.5至6.0摩尔/脱水葡萄糖单元。
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公开(公告)号：US4339574A
公开(公告)日：1982-07-13
申请号：US165869
申请日：1980-07-07
IPC分类号： C08B11/02 , C08B11/193 , C08B17/06 , C08B11/08
CPC分类号： C08B17/06 , C08B11/02 , C08B11/193
摘要： This invention is directed to a method for the continuous production of alkyl cellulose by reacting alkali cellulose with alkylating agents in the presence of inert liquids, wherein:(a) powdered cellulose is reacted with aqueous-alcoholic alkali metal hydroxide solution at temperatures of from about 20.degree. to 80.degree. C. to form alkali cellulose;(b) oxygen is completely removed from the alkali cellulose reaction mixture of step (a) and the water content is reduced to about 2.5 to 6.0 moles per anhydroglucose unit; and(c) the reaction mixture from step (b) is reacted with at least a stoichiometric amount, but not more than with a molar excess of up to about 50%, based on the alkali metal hydroxide, of an alkylating agent in an inert liquid boiling at a temperature of from about 80.degree. to 160.degree. C., the reaction being carried out continuously in stirred tanks-in-series with 2 to 10 units.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种在惰性液体存在下使碱纤维素与烷基化剂反应连续生产烷基纤维素的方法，其中：（a）粉末状纤维素与含水醇碱金属氢氧化物溶液在约 20〜80℃，形成碱纤维素; （b）从步骤（a）的碱纤维素反应混合物中完全除去氧气，并且每个脱水葡萄糖单元的含水量降低至约2.5至6.0摩尔; 和（c）来自步骤（b）的反应混合物与基于碱金属氢氧化物的烷基化剂在惰性物质中的至少化学计量量但不超过摩尔过量至多约50％ 液体在约80℃至160℃的温度下沸腾，反应在2至10单位的串联搅拌釜中连续进行。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4415124A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-15
申请号：US309379
申请日：1981-10-07
申请人： Franz-Josef Carduck , Wilfried Rahse , Willi Wust , Hans Pabel
发明人： Franz-Josef Carduck , Wilfried Rahse , Willi Wust , Hans Pabel
CPC分类号： C08J3/12 , C08J2301/00
摘要： A method for the production of micropowders from cellulose ethers or cellulose comprising(a) subjecting a cellulose ether or a cellulose having a fine-fiber, cottony or woolly structure to a consolidation or embrittlement sufficient whereby in one mill pass through a jet mill under standard conditions 98% by weight of the consolidated or embrittled material charged is recovered as a powder of less than 100.mu., and(b) subjecting the consolidated or embrittled material to a grinding step producing a size reduction sufficient that a grain size distribution with at least 90% by weight of less than 125.mu. is attained.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从纤维素醚或纤维素生产微粉的方法，包括（a）使具有细纤维，棉或羊毛结构的纤维素醚或纤维素具有足够的固化或脆化，从而在一个轧机中通过标准的喷射磨 作为小于100微米的粉末回收98重量％的固化或脆化的材料，（b）使固化或脆化的材料经受磨碎步骤，产生足以使至少具有至少 90％（重量）小于125微米。
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公开(公告)号：US4175050A
公开(公告)日：1979-11-20
申请号：US842802
申请日：1977-10-17
CPC分类号： C11D13/18
摘要： A shaped washing agent based on colored soaps and/or synthetic detergents comprising a plurality of individual colored particles of soap and/or synthetic detergent having a size range of 1 to 20 millimeters, so distributed that they adjoin one another with sharply defined boundries, said boundries being substantially free of occluded gas, to give at least a mosaic-like appearance to at least part of the surface of said shaped washing agent; and the process of producing said shaped washing agent by compressing the individual particles in the substantial absence of gas between said particles.
摘要翻译： 一种基于彩色皂和/或合成洗涤剂的成形洗涤剂，其包含多个单独的着色的皂和/或大小范围为1至20毫米的皂和/或合成洗涤剂的颗粒，因此分布成使得它们以明确限定的界限彼此邻接，所述 边界基本上不含闭塞气体，至少对所述成形洗涤剂的至少部分表面产生镶嵌状外观; 以及通过在所述颗粒之间基本上不存在气体压缩各个颗粒来生产所述成形洗涤剂的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4267158A
公开(公告)日：1981-05-12
申请号：US127382
申请日：1980-03-05
CPC分类号： C01B39/02 , B01F7/041 , B01J19/1862 , C01B33/26 , C01B33/2823 , B01J2219/00094
摘要： A process for the continuous production of an aqueous, alkaline suspension of x-ray amorphous sodium aluminosilicate having a small particle size of at least 99% by volume of a particle size of less than 50.mu., suitable for conversion into zeolite sodium aluminosilicate of the smallest particle sizes, by mixing an aqueous sodium aluminate solution with an aqueous sodium slicate solution in the presence of excess sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature in the range of from 20.degree. to 103.degree. C., where the solutions being mixed have a mathematical total molar ratio of:1.5 to 9 Na.sub.2 O:1 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :1 to 7 SiO.sub.2 :40 to 400 H.sub.2 O consisting essentially of the steps of continuously passing one of said two aqueous solutions into the first zone of a progressively, separately zoned mixing area, continuously splitting the other aqueous solution into at least three partial streams, continuously passing the first of said partial streams into said first zone, continuously passing the mixed contents of said first zone into the second zone of a progressively, separately zoned mixing area, continuously passing the remainder of said partial streams separately into downstream zones of said progressively, separately zoned mixing area, where said mean holding time of the reaction mixture in each of said separately zoned mixing areas is at least 5 seconds and sufficient to effect substantial mixing of said contents.
摘要翻译： 一种连续生产x射线无定形硅铝酸钠的水性，碱性悬浮液的方法，其具有至少99体积％的小于50微米的粒度的小粒径，适用于转化为沸石的硅铝酸钠 通过在过量的氢氧化钠溶液存在下，在20至103℃的温度范围内混合铝酸钠水溶液与钠水溶液水溶液混合，其中混合的溶液具有数学总和 摩尔比为：1.5至9 Na 2 O：1 Al 2 O 3：1至7SiO 2：40至400H 2 H 2 H组成，其基本上包括以下步骤：将所述两种水溶液中的一种连续通入逐渐分开的分区混合区域的第一区域， 所述另一水溶液进入至少三个部分流，将所述第一部分流连续地通入所述第一区，连续地将所述混合内容物 第一区域进入逐渐分开的分区混合区域的第二区域，将剩余的所述部分流分别连续地通过所述逐渐分开的分区混合区域的下游区域，其中反应混合物在每个所述分开的区域中的平均保持时间 分区混合区域至少为5秒，足以使所述内容物充分混合。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4371510A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-01
申请号：US192483
申请日：1980-09-30
CPC分类号： C01B39/02 , C01B33/2823 , Y10S423/24
摘要： In a process for the production of an aqueous alkaline suspension of low-grit, crystallized zeolitic sodium aluminosilicate of the smallest particle size having the composition0.9 to 1.1 Na.sub.2 O. 1 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 . 1.8 to 2.5 SiO.sub.2with a water content depending on the degree of drying, which contains at least 99.8% by weight of a particle size of less than 25 .mu.m and has a high cation exchange capability, comprising crystallization of an aqueous alkaline suspension of an x-ray-amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, said suspension having a composition corresponding of the molar ratios of 1.5 to 5 Na.sub.2 O:1 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :1 to 4 SiO.sub.2 :40 to 400 H.sub.2 O, at elevated temperatures and recovering crystallized zeolitic sodium aluminosilicate, the improvement consisting of feeding the suspension of the x-ray-amorphous sodium aluminosilicate continuously into a crystallizing reactor having progressively, separately zoned mixing areas with a stage-like effect and having at least 20 stages, wherein the suspension flows first through at least 8 stages in the intake part of the reactor, which intake part of the reactor may comprise up to one third of the total reactor volume, maintaining said suspension in the reactor at a preselected temperature in the range of from 80.degree. to 100.degree. C. until the degree of crystallization of the zeolitic sodium aluminosilicate, determined by x-ray, has reached at least 80% of the theoretically possible crystallinity. and continuously removing the suspension from the end opposite of the intake end of the reactor.
摘要翻译： 在生产具有0.9-1.1Na 2 O组成的最小粒度的低粒度结晶沸石硅铝酸钠的水性碱性悬浮液的方法中。 1 Al2O3。 1.8至2.5的SiO 2，其水含量取决于干燥程度，其含有至少99.8重量％的粒度小于25μm并具有高阳离子交换能力，包括将碱性悬浮液 x射线无定形硅铝酸钠，所述悬浮液在升高的温度下具有对应于1.5至5Na 2 O：1 Al 2 O 3：1至4SiO 2：40至400H 2 O的摩尔比的组成并回收结晶沸石硅铝酸钠，其改进包括 将X射线无定形硅铝酸钠的悬浮液连续地进料到具有阶段状作用并且具有至少20个阶段的逐渐分开分区的混合区域的结晶反应器中，其中悬浮液首先流过至少8个阶段 反应器的进料部分，反应器的进料部分可以占总反应器体积的三分之一，将反应器中的所述悬浮液保持在预设 在80℃至100℃的温度范围内，直到通过X射线测定的沸石硅铝酸钠的结晶度达到理论上可能的结晶度的至少80％。 并且从与反应器的进气端相对的端部连续地移除悬架。
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公开(公告)号：US5554741A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-10
申请号：US295757
申请日：1994-09-01
CPC分类号： C07H15/04
摘要： The aliphatic primary alcohols are reacted with a glycose, more especially glucose, in the presence of an acidic catalyst in certain process steps so that particularly light-colored and alkali-stable alkyl glucosides are obtained after a subsequent, compulsory bleaching step, which represents an improvement over known direct synthesis processes. The process may be carried out both on a laboratory scale and also on an industrial production scale.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 00444 Sec。 371日期：1994年9月1日 102（e）1994年9月1日PCT PCT 1993年2月26日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 18046 日期1993年9月16日脂肪族伯醇在一定的工艺步骤中，在酸性催化剂的存在下，与糖，更特别是葡萄糖反应，使得在随后强制漂白后，可获得特别的浅色和碱稳定的烷基葡糖苷 这代表了对已知直接合成方法的改进。 该过程可以在实验室规模上进行，也可以在工业生产规模上进行。
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公开(公告)号：US5283024A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-01
申请号：US659332
申请日：1991-12-09
IPC分类号： C01B15/12
CPC分类号： C01B15/126 , C01B15/123
摘要： A method for the production of granular sodium perborate tetrahydrate is disclosed herein. The method includes the steps of adding 0.3-5% by weight of a sodium salt or a potassium salt of a polymeric carboxylic acid to powdered perborate tetrahydrate, softening the mixture by heating under pressure to form a plastically deformable mass, deforming the plastically deformable mass into thin strands by pressing, and comminuting the strands into granular form. The perborate tetrahydrate may be de-watered to produce granular perborate monohydrate. The final granular products exhibit high abrasion resistance and are preferably used in washing and cleaning agents.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP89 / 01015 Sec。 371 1991年12月9日第 102（e）日期1991年12月9日PCT PCT 1989年8月30日PCT公布。 出版物WO90 / 02703 1990年3月22日的日期。本文公开了一种生产颗粒状过硼酸钠四水合物的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：将0.3-5重量％的聚合羧酸的钠盐或钾盐加入粉末状过硼酸盐四水合物中，在压力下加热软化混合物以形成可塑性变形的质量，使可塑性变形的质量变形 通过压制成细股，并将股线粉碎成粒状。 过硼酸盐四水合物可以脱水以产生颗粒状过硼酸盐一水合物。 最终的颗粒状产品具有高耐磨性，优选用于洗涤和清洁剂。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5158730A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US663824
申请日：1991-05-20
CPC分类号： B01J2/20 , Y10S425/23
摘要： This invention relates to an extruder having a granulating head for the granulation of a plastic molding compound which does not flow under gravity, more particularly an enzyme concentrate suitable for detergents, to granules having a particle size of at most 1 mm and, more particularly, at most 0.8 mm. To obtain uniform distribution of the molding compound to be processed over the entire cross-section of the molding plate, the granulating head has an externally arranged die plate support carrying perforated disks, a displacement cone arranged behind the die plate support and a preliminary distributor in the form of a perforated plate arranged between the die plate support and the displacement cone. In addition, the die plate support has bore-like passages each with a perforated disk which is arranged at the front end thereof and of which the bores have a rear zone of relatively large cross-section and a front zone of relatively small cross-section, the transitional zone between the rear zone and the front zone being inclined at an angle of 55.degree. to 65.degree. C. relative to the horizontal.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP89 / 01062 Sec。 371日期1991年5月20日 102（e）日期1991年5月20日PCT提交1989年9月12日PCT公布。 出版物WO90 / 03217 日本专利公开于1990年4月5日。本发明涉及一种挤出机，其具有造粒头，用于造粒塑料模塑料，其不会在重力作用下流动，特别是适用于洗涤剂的酶浓缩物，其粒度至多为 更特别地，至多0.8mm。 为了在成型板的整个横截面上获得待加工的模塑料的均匀分布，造粒头具有外部布置的模板支撑件，承载多孔盘，位于模板支撑件后面的位移锥体和初步分配器 布置在模板支撑件和位移锥体之间的多孔板的形式。 此外，模板支撑件具有孔状通道，每个孔具有布置在其前端的穿孔盘，并且其中孔具有相对较大横截面的后区，并且具有相对小的横截面的前区 后区与前区之间的过渡区相对于水平面倾斜55度至65度。
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10.发明授权Process for the sulfonation and/or sulfatization of organic components with SO.sub.3 in an organic reaction medium 失效在有机反应介质中用SO 3磺化和/或硫酸化有机组分的方法
公开(公告)号：US4973686A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-27
申请号：US240789
申请日：1988-09-02
IPC分类号： C07B31/00 , C07B45/02 , C07C67/00 , C07C301/00 , C07C303/00 , C07C303/06 , C07C303/24 , C07C303/42 , C07C305/06 , C07C305/10 , C07C309/30 , C07H15/00 , C07H15/04 , C11C3/00
CPC分类号： C07B45/02 , C07C303/06 , C07C303/24
摘要： The invention relates to the use of selected carboxylic acid esters which are liquid under reaction conditions and correspond to general formula (I)X--COOR.sup.1 (I)in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical unbranched in the .alpha.-position and X is hydrogen or a group corresponding to general formula (II) ##STR1## in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent fluorine and/or chlorine and one of these substituents may also be hydrogen or one or two of these substituents may also be lower alkyl, as reaction medium for the sulfonation and/or sulfatization or organic components with SO.sub.3 to light-colored reaction products.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在反应条件下液体并且对应于通式（I）X-COOR1（I）的选择的羧酸酯的用途，其中R 1是在α-位上未分支的烷基，X是氢或 对应于通式（II）的化合物（II）其中R 2，R 3和R 4表示氟和/或氯，并且这些取代基之一也可以是氢或这些取代基中的一个或两个也可以是低级烷基，如 用于磺化和/或硫酸化的反应介质或具有SO 3的有机组分与浅色反应产物。
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