公开(公告)号：US5451309A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-19

申请号：US239484

申请日：1994-05-09

Applicant: Merl J. Bell

Inventor： Merl J. Bell

IPC: B01D61/48 ,  B01J49/00 ,  B01D61/44

CPC classification number: B01D61/48 ,  B01J49/0052

Abstract: An ion exchange resin regeneration apparatus. A nine compartment module has two end anode electrode compartments and a center cathode electrode compartment. These three compartments contain a mixture of cation and anion resin. The two end compartments are lined by cation membranes while the center compartment is lined on both sides by anion membranes. All but two of the remaining compartments are provided with cation or anion exchange resin and opposing cation and anion membranes in an arrangement whereby a resin slurry may be consecutively directed through two of the compartments for processing.

Abstract translation: 离子交换树脂再生装置。 九隔室模块具有两个端部阳极电极室和中心阴极电极室。 这三个隔室含有阳离子和阴离子树脂的混合物。 两端隔室由阳离子膜排列，而中间隔室由阴离子膜两侧排列。 除了两个剩余的隔室之外，除了两个隔室之外还设置有阳离子或阴离子交换树脂和相对的阳离子和阴离子膜，由此树脂浆料可以连续地引导通过两个隔间进行处理。

公开(公告)号：US4330386A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-18

申请号：US222275

申请日：1980-12-31

Applicant: K. A. Korinek ,  R. E. Anderson ,  M. G. Konicek

Inventor： K. A. Korinek ,  R. E. Anderson ,  M. G. Konicek

IPC: B01J49/00 ,  C23G1/36 ,  C25C1/00 ,  C25C1/12 ,  C25C7/00 ,  C25C7/02

CPC classification number: B01J49/0052 ,  C22B3/42 ,  C25C1/00 ,  Y02P10/234

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing electrowinnable metal ion concentration to a low level in a process stream and recovering the metal electrolytically. Low concentration metal ions from the process stream are recovered in an ion exchanger and then recaptured from the ion exchanger into a relatively small volume of regeneration fluid. The regeneration fluid, pregnant with the metal ions, is electrolyzed in a particulate bed electrolytic cell to a relatively low level of metal ion concentration, and the regeneration fluid is then available for reuse in a further ion exchanger regeneration.

Abstract translation: 一种将电子金属离子浓度降低到工艺流中的低水平并且电解回收金属的方法和装置。 来自工艺物流的低浓度金属离子在离子交换器中回收，然后从离子交换器回收到相对小体积的再生流体中。 孕育有金属离子的再生液体在微粒床电解池中电解至相当低的金属离子浓度水平，然后再生流体可再次进一步用于离子交换器再生。

公开(公告)号：US6024850A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-15

申请号：US815371

申请日：1997-03-10

Applicant: Richard L. Sampson ,  Allison H. Sampson

Inventor： Richard L. Sampson ,  Allison H. Sampson

IPC: B01D61/48 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C25B13/00

CPC classification number: B01J49/0052 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/46114 ,  C02F1/4618 ,  C02F1/4672 ,  C02F1/4674 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/4676 ,  C02F1/4695 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  C02F2001/46161 ,  C02F2103/023 ,  C02F2103/42 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4613 ,  C02F2201/46145 ,  C02F2201/4617 ,  C02F2303/04

Abstract: Ion exchange materials, as particulate and membranes, are modified by permanently attaching counter ions to a portion of the ion exchange sites. The permanent attachment of the counter ions forms semiconductor junctions which act as mini anodes, or cathodes, to significantly increase the ability to oxidize or reduce a species to be treated, or split water, in an electrolytic reactor. The non-converted transfer sites in the ion exchange material also significantly increase the mobility of the ionic species in the electrolyte. The ion exchange material may be a monobed of either modified anion exchange material or modified cation exchange material, or a suitable mixed bed of both, depending upon the application. When the anode is in direct contact with a modified cation exchange material and under the influence of direct current, free radical hydroxyl and regenerant hydrogen are formed. When the cathode is in direct contact with a modified anion exchange material and under the influence of direct current, free radical hydrogen and regenerant hydroxyl are formed. Alternatively, the modified ion exchange material can be separated from both the anode and the cathode, and regenerant hydrogen and hydroxyl are produced at the semiconductor junctions.

Abstract translation: 作为颗粒和膜的离子交换材料通过将抗衡离子永久地附着到一部分离子交换位点而被修饰。 抗衡离子的永久附着形成用作微型阳极或阴极的半导体结，以显着增加在电解反应器中氧化或还原待处理物质或裂解水的能力。 离子交换材料中未转化的转移位点也显着增加了电解质中离子物质的迁移率。 取决于应用，离子交换材料可以是改性阴离子交换材料或改性阳离子交换材料或两者的合适混合床的单支。 当阳极与改性阳离子交换材料直接接触并在直流电的影响下，形成自由基羟基和再生氢。 当阴极与改性阴离子交换材料直接接触时，在直流影响下，形成自由基氢和再生羟基。 或者，改性离子交换材料可以从阳极和阴极两者分离出来，在半导体结处产生再生氢和羟基。

公开(公告)号：US5766442A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-16

申请号：US829614

申请日：1997-03-31

Applicant: Nevill John Bridger ,  Andrew Derek Turner

Inventor： Nevill John Bridger ,  Andrew Derek Turner

IPC: C02F1/42 ,  B01J47/06 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C25B11/00 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C25B11/04 ,  C25B15/08 ,  G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/38 ,  H02G1/08

CPC classification number: B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/0052

Abstract: An electrode for use in electrochemical ion exchange which includes a hydrolysable metal phosphate such as zirconium phosphate (Zr(HPO.sub.4).sub.2) which has been hydrolysed at least in part is regenerated. The electrode is made the anode of an electrochemical cell in which the electrolyte is an aqueous solution containing one or more phosphate ions provided, for example, by a dissolved salt (eg Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4, Na.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 or NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.4) or orthophosphoric acid, or both. Preferably, the electrolyte is acidic (eg pH 2). Operation of the cell reverses the hydrolysis reaction and enhances the performance of the electrode.

Abstract translation: 用于电化学离子交换的电极，其包括至少部分被水解的可水解金属磷酸盐如磷酸锆（Zr（HPO 4）2）。 电极被制成电化学电池的阳极，其中电解质是含有例如由溶解的盐（例如Na 3 PO 4，Na 2 HPO 4或NaH 2 PO 4）或正磷酸或两者提供的一种或多种磷酸根离子的水溶液。 优选地，电解质是酸性的（例如pH 2）。 电池的操作反转水解反应并提高电极的性能。

公开(公告)号：US5738775A

公开(公告)日：1998-04-14

申请号：US870993

申请日：1997-06-06

Applicant: Hiroshi Nagai ,  Syu Nakanishi ,  Kunio Fujiwara ,  Takanobu Sugo

Inventor： Hiroshi Nagai ,  Syu Nakanishi ,  Kunio Fujiwara ,  Takanobu Sugo

IPC: B01D61/46 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01J43/00 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/469 ,  B01D61/44

CPC classification number: B01D61/48 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/0052

Abstract: Electrically regenerable desalting apparatus having the desalting compartment packed with ion exchangers produced by utilizing radiation-initiated graft polymerization, in which said ion exchangers are nonwoven fabrics in the form of a fiber assembly and a cation exchanger and an anion exchanger are disposed in a face-to-face relationship, with a porous material being interposed between the two ion exchangers. Having the ability to reject ions from liquids, the apparatus is particularly suited to the production of pure water in the electrical power generating industries (including the nuclear industry), electronic industry and the pharmaceuticals manufacturing industry, as well as to the desalting of thick fluids encountered in food and chemical manufacturing processes.

Abstract translation: 具有装有通过利用辐射引发的接枝聚合产生的离子交换剂的脱盐室的电可再生脱盐装置，其中所述离子交换剂是纤维组件和阳离子交换剂和阴离子交换剂形式的非织造织物， 在两个离子交换器之间插入多孔材料。 该设备具有排除液体中的离子的能力，特别适用于发电行业（包括核工业），电子工业和制药工业中纯水的生产，以及对厚液体的脱盐 在食品和化学制造过程中遇到。

公开(公告)号：US6074537A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

申请号：US848154

申请日：1997-04-29

Applicant: Robert E. Marks ,  Stephen D. Field ,  Mary Madden Field

Inventor： Robert E. Marks ,  Stephen D. Field ,  Mary Madden Field

IPC: B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/461

CPC classification number: C02F1/42 ,  B01J49/0052 ,  C02F2101/20

Abstract: A method and apparatus concentrates, collects and removes heavy metals, other cations, and anions from media permitting generation of electrical fields. The heavy metals and other cations are electrochemically concentrated and precipitated for rapid removal from the aqueous media. The media, which may be aqueous, soils or wastes, is filtered and passed through a cation or anion exchange resin beds. Metals or anions are captured and held in the resin beds. Current is then applied through the resin beds using opposing electrodes of opposite polarity. In the metal removal units, heavy metals and other cations are concentrated around the negative electrode and lifted to a top of the electrode chamber using hydrogen gas lift. The concentrated solution of heavy metals and cations are removed from the chamber above the negative electrode and are circulated to provide additional time for growth and precipitation. Once in a crystalline structure or precipitated form, the elemental metals and metal hydroxides are separated from the aqueous phase using a trap, which retains the crystallates and precipitates. The treated liquid is returned to the chamber beneath the positive electrode for recycling. The anions are concentrated in a similar manner and removed in soluble form from the aqueous media.

Abstract translation: 一种方法和装置从允许产生电场的介质中浓缩，收集和去除重金属，其他阳离子和阴离子。 重金属和其他阳离子电化学浓缩和沉淀，以从水性介质中快速除去。 将可能是水性，污垢或废物的介质过滤并通过阳离子或阴离子交换树脂床。 将金属或阴离子捕获并保持在树脂床中。 然后通过相反极性的相对电极通过树脂床施加电流。 在金属去除单元中，重金属和其它阳离子集中在负极周围，并使用氢气升压提升到电极室的顶部。 将重金属和阳离子的浓缩溶液从负极上方的室中除去并循环以提供用于生长和沉淀的额外时间。 一旦结晶结构或沉淀形式，元素金属和金属氢氧化物与水相分离，使用保留结晶和析出物的阱。 经处理的液体返回到正极下方的室以便再循环。 阴离子以类似的方式浓缩，并从水性介质中以可溶形式除去。

公开(公告)号：US5425866A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-20

申请号：US153967

申请日：1993-11-18

Applicant: Takanobu Sugo ,  Isao Ishigaki ,  Kunio Fujiwara ,  Hideaki Sekiguchi ,  Hideo Kawazu ,  Takayuki Saito

Inventor： Takanobu Sugo ,  Isao Ishigaki ,  Kunio Fujiwara ,  Hideaki Sekiguchi ,  Hideo Kawazu ,  Takayuki Saito

IPC: B01D61/48 ,  B01J43/00 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/469 ,  B01D61/44

CPC classification number: B01D61/48 ,  B01J43/00 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/0052 ,  C02F1/4604 ,  C02F1/469

Abstract: The improved electrically regenerable demineralizing apparatus uses ion exchangers that are produced by radiation-initiated graft polymerization and that are packed in the demineralizing compartment of an electrodialyzer. The apparatus may use a mosaic ion exchanger that consists of alternately arranged cation- and anion-exchange groups. Alternately, the apparatus may have an immobilized amino acid packed in the demineralizing compartment of an electrodialyzer. The apparatus maintains consistent water quality for a prolonged time, is capable of treating from small to large volumes of water and yet is easy to service and manage.

Abstract translation: 改进的电可再生脱盐装置使用通过辐射引发的接枝聚合制备并且包装在电渗析器的脱盐室中的离子交换剂。 该装置可以使用由交替布置的阳离子和阴离子交换基团组成的马赛克离子交换剂。 或者，该装置可以具有包装在电渗析器的去矿质室中的固定化氨基酸。 该设备长时间保持一致的水质，能够从小量到大量的水处理，但易于维护和管理。

公开(公告)号：US5211823A

公开(公告)日：1993-05-18

申请号：US717460

申请日：1991-06-19

Applicant: Anthony J. Giuffrida ,  Gary C. Ganzi

Inventor： Anthony J. Giuffrida ,  Gary C. Ganzi

IPC: B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/42

CPC classification number: B01J49/0052 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/4695

Abstract: Purified ion exchange resin particles are provided in a bifunctional electrodeionization step having anion depletion compartments containing anion exchange resin particles which are purified and cation depletion compartments containing cation exchange resin particle which are purified as well as ion concentration compartments. The bifunctional electrodeionization step for purifying resin particles is conducted under conditions to disassociate water into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions. Purified water having a purity of at least 1 megohm-cm is introduced into the anion depletion compartment and cation depletion compartments and water for accepting ionic impurities is introduced into the ion concentration compartments. The purified water is produced in an initial purification step which also can be an electrodeionization step. The water effluent from the anion depletion compartments and cation depletion compartments is recycled either to an initial water purification step or to the inlets of the anion depletion compartments or cation depletion compartments. The anion depletion compartments include an anion permeable membrane and a bifunctional interface. The cation depletion compartments include a cation permeable membrane and the bifunctional interface.

Abstract translation: 纯化的离子交换树脂颗粒提供在具有含有阴离子交换树脂颗粒的阴离子消耗隔室的双功能电去电离步骤中，所述阴离子交换树脂颗粒是纯化的，并且含有纯化的阳离子交换树脂颗粒和离子浓度隔室。 在将水分解成氢离子和羟基离子的条件下进行用于净化树脂颗粒的双功能电去电离步骤。 将净化至少1兆欧姆厘米的水引入阴离子耗尽室，将阳离子消耗隔间和用于接受离子杂质的水引入离子浓度隔室中。 纯化水在初始纯化步骤中产生，其也可以是电去电离步骤。 来自阴离子消耗隔间和阳离子消耗室的水流出物被循环至初始水净化步骤或阴离子消耗隔室或阳离子消耗隔室的入口。 阴离子消耗隔室包括阴离子渗透膜和双功能界面。 阳离子消耗隔室包括阳离子可渗透膜和双功能界面。

公开(公告)号：US5788826A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

申请号：US790710

申请日：1997-01-28

Applicant: Eric D. Nyberg

Inventor： Eric D. Nyberg

IPC: B01D61/46 ,  B01D57/02 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J47/12 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/469 ,  B01D61/44

CPC classification number: B01J49/0052 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J47/12 ,  C02F1/4693 ,  C02F1/4604 ,  C02F2201/4611 ,  C02F2201/46115

Abstract: A electrochemical cell for removing ions from a solution stream comprises a housing having first and second electrodes. At least one water-splitting ion exchange membrane is positioned between the electrodes, the water-splitting membrane comprising (i) a cation exchange surface facing the first electrode, and (ii) an anion exchange surface facing the second electrode. A solution stream pathway is defined by the water-splitting membrane. The solution stream pathway comprises (i) an inlet for influent solution stream, (ii) at least one channel that allows influent solution stream to flow past at least one surface of the water-splitting membrane to form one or more treated solution streams, and (iii) a single outlet that combines the treated solution streams to form a single effluent solution. Preferably, the solution stream pathway comprises a unitary and contiguous channel that flows past both the cation and anion exchange surfaces of the water-splitting membrane, and more preferably is connected throughout in an unbroken sequence and extends substantially continuously from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract translation: 用于从溶液流中除去离子的电化学电池包括具有第一和第二电极的壳体。 至少一个水分解离子交换膜位于电极之间，水分解膜包括（i）面向第一电极的阳离子交换表面，和（ii）面对第二电极的阴离子交换表面。 溶液流通道由水分解膜限定。 溶液流路径包括（i）流入溶液流的入口，（ii）允许流入溶液流流过水分解膜的至少一个表面以形成一个或多个处理的溶液流的至少一个通道，以及 （iii）将处理的溶液流组合以形成单一流出物溶液的单个出口。 优选地，溶液流路径包括流过水分解膜的阳离子和阴离子交换表面的整体和连续的通道，并且更优选地以不间断的顺序连接并且从入口到出口基本连续地延伸。

公开(公告)号：US5423965A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-13

申请号：US149837

申请日：1993-11-10

Applicant: Gerhard Kunz

Inventor： Gerhard Kunz

IPC: B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  B01D61/44

CPC classification number: B01J49/0052 ,  B01J47/08

Abstract: An electrolytic process and apparatus are disclosed for regenerating separate bed ion exchange resins used to demineralize aqueous solutions, preferably softened water, without the use of additional chemicals. The cation exchanger is regenerated by applying a DC electric voltage between an anode and a cathode across the cation exchanger whereby hydrogen ions produced at the anode displace cations previously absorbed on the cation exchanger during the previous demineralization cycle. The displaced cations move towards the cathode under the influence of the electric voltage and there form a caustic solution with hydroxyl ions produced by the cathode. The cathodically generated caustic solution is then used to chemically regenerate the anion exchanger in a traditional manner. Two embodiments of the invention are disclosed, one of which is an intermittent system of demineralization and regeneration and the other is a continuously operating system.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于再生分离床离子交换树脂的电解方法和装置，其用于使水溶液，优选软化水软化，而不使用额外的化学品。 通过在阳极交换器之间施加阳极和阴极之间的直流电压来再生阳离子交换器，由此在阳极处产生的氢离子在先前的脱盐循环期间移动先前在阳离子交换器上吸收的阳离子。 置换的阳离子在电压的影响下向阴极移动，并且形成由阴极产生的羟基离子的苛性碱溶液。 然后将阴极生成的苛性碱溶液以传统方式化学再生阴离子交换剂。 公开了本发明的两个实施例，其中之一是脱盐和再生的间歇系统，另一个是连续操作的系统。