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    Autoclaves with Combined Air Flow
    91.
    发明申请
    Autoclaves with Combined Air Flow 审中-公开
    具有组合气流的高压灭菌器

    公开(公告)号：US20080317647A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-12-25

    申请号：US11628104

    申请日：2005-05-27

    Applicant: Tari Taricco

    Inventor： Tari Taricco

    IPC: B01J3/04

    CPC classification number: B01J3/042 ,  B01J3/002 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  B01J2219/00159

    Abstract: Autoclaves with combined airflow to provide controllable heating or cooling of parts being processed are disclosed. Gas flow along the autoclave is provided in one or more duct areas (48,52), with a plurality of duct valves (50) along the duct (48,52) controllably diverting the gas into the working area of the autoclave. In a fully configured autoclave, duct valves (50) divert gas flowing from the fan or blower (38) from the ceiling, sides and floor of an autoclave to provide a controllable, three dimensional, air flow in the working area of the autoclave. Control of the duct valves (50) may be manual or automatic, with individual or ganged duct valve control. Computer control based on temperature sensor on parts in the working area of the autoclave may be used to provide uniform heating or cooling, or intentional non-uniform heating or cooling rates. Various embodiments are disclosed.

    Abstract translation: 公开了具有组合气流的高压灭菌器以对被处理的部件进行可控加热或冷却。 沿着高压釜的气流设置在一个或多个管道区域（48,52）中，沿着管道（48,52）的多个管道阀（50）可控地将气体转移到高压釜的工作区域中。 在完全配置的高压釜中，管道阀（50）将来自风扇或鼓风机（38）的气体从高压釜的天花板，侧面和地板转移，以在高压釜的工作区域中提供可控制的三维空气流。 管道阀（50）的控制可以是手动或自动的，具有单独的或组合的管道阀控制。 可以使用基于温度传感器的在高压釜工作区域中的部件的计算机控制来提供均匀的加热或冷却，或有意的不均匀的加热或冷却速率。 公开了各种实施例。

    Single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO
    93.
    发明授权
    Single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO 有权
    单壁碳纳米管由高压CO

    公开(公告)号：US07204970B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-04-17

    申请号：US10730630

    申请日：2003-12-08

    Applicant: Richard E. Smalley ,  Ken A. Smith ,  Daniel T. Colbert ,  Pavel Nikolaev ,  Michael J. Bronikowski ,  Robert K. Bradley ,  Frank Rohmund

    Inventor： Richard E. Smalley ,  Ken A. Smith ,  Daniel T. Colbert ,  Pavel Nikolaev ,  Michael J. Bronikowski ,  Robert K. Bradley ,  Frank Rohmund

    IPC: C01B11/02

    CPC classification number: B01J4/002 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/121 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J2219/0875 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/162 ,  C01B2202/02 ,  C01B2202/36 ,  D01F9/1278 ,  Y10S977/75 ,  Y10S977/751 ,  Y10S977/843 ,  Y10S977/845 ,  Y10S977/951 ,  Y10T428/30

    Abstract: The present invention discloses the process of supplying high pressure (e.g., 30 atmospheres) CO that has been preheated (e.g., to about 1000° C.) and a catalyst precursor gas (e.g., Fe(CO)5) in CO that is kept below the catalyst precursor decomposition temperature to a mixing zone. In this mixing zone, the catalyst precursor is rapidly heated to a temperature that results in (1) precursor decomposition, (2) formation of active catalyst metal atom clusters of the appropriate size, and (3) favorable growth of SWNTs on the catalyst clusters. Preferably a catalyst cluster nucleation agency is employed to enable rapid reaction of the catalyst precursor gas to form many small, active catalyst particles instead of a few large, inactive ones. Such nucleation agencies can include auxiliary metal precursors that cluster more rapidly than the primary catalyst, or through provision of additional energy inputs (e.g., from a pulsed or CW laser) directed precisely at the region where cluster formation is desired. Under these conditions SWNTs nucleate and grow according to the Boudouard reaction. The SWNTs thus formed may be recovered directly or passed through a growth and annealing zone maintained at an elevated temperature (e.g., 1000° C.) in which tubes may continue to grow and coalesce into ropes.

    Abstract translation: 本发明公开了提供已被预热（例如，约1000℃）的高压（例如30个大气压）的CO和催化剂前体气体（例如Fe（CO）5） >）在CO中，其保持低于催化剂前体分解温度至混合区。 在该混合区中，将催化剂前体快速加热到导致（1）前体分解的温度，（2）形成适当尺寸的活性催化剂金属原子簇，和（3）在催化剂簇上的SWNT的有利生长 。 优选使用催化剂簇成核剂来使催化剂前体气体快速反应以形成许多小的活性催化剂颗粒，而不是几个大的非活性催化剂颗粒。 这样的成核机构可以包括比主要催化剂更快地聚集的辅助金属前体，或者通过提供精确地指向需要簇形成的区域的额外的能量输入（例如来自脉冲或CW激光）。 在这些条件下，SWNT根据Boudouard反应成核并生长。 如此形成的SWNT可以直接回收或通过保持在高温（例如1000℃）的生长和退火区域，其中管可以继续生长并聚结成绳索。

    Method for treating waste by hydrothermal oxidation
    95.
    发明授权
    Method for treating waste by hydrothermal oxidation 有权
    通过水热氧化处理废物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06929752B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-16

    申请号：US10362675

    申请日：2001-09-07

    Applicant: François Cansell

    Inventor： François Cansell

    IPC: C02F1/04 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C02F1/74 ,  C02F1/78 ,  C02F11/08

    CPC classification number: C02F1/72 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J2219/0009 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  C02F1/722 ,  C02F1/78 ,  C02F11/086 ,  Y02P20/544

    Abstract: A method for oxidizing organic matter contained in an aqueous effluent and an installation for implementing the method. The method comprises the following steps: injecting into a tubular body the aqueous effluent; bringing the aqueous effluent to a pressure P1, corresponding to the critical pressure of the aqueous effluent; bringing the aqueous effluent to a temperature T1; and injecting into the tubular body at n points spaced apart from one another, n fractions of at least an oxidizing composition, so that a portion of the thermal energy produced by the oxidation reaction increases the temperature of the reaction mixture from said temperature T1 to temperature T2>T1 according to an increasing curve, whereby the organic matter is oxidized, the reaction mixture continuously developing from a sub-critical liquid state to the supercritical domain.

    Abstract translation: 用于氧化含水流出物中含有的有机物质的方法和用于实施该方法的装置。 该方法包括以下步骤：向管体注入含水流出液; 使含水流出物达到对应于含水流出物的临界压力的压力P 1; 使含水流出物达到温度T 1; 并且在相互间隔开的n个点处注入到管状体中，至少一个氧化组合物的n个部分，使得由氧化反应产生的热能的一部分将反应混合物的温度从所述温度T 1升高到 温度T 2> T 1，由此有机物被氧化，反应混合物从亚临界液态连续发展到超临界域。

    Single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO
    96.
    发明申请
    Single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO 有权
    单壁碳纳米管由高压CO

    公开(公告)号：US20040223901A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-11-11

    申请号：US10730630

    申请日：2003-12-08

    Applicant: William Marsh Rice University

    Inventor： Richard E. Smalley ,  Ken A. Smith ,  Daniel T. Colbert ,  Pavel Nikolaev ,  Michael J. Bronikowski ,  Robert K. Bradley ,  Frank Rohmund

    IPC: D01F009/12

    CPC classification number: B01J4/002 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/121 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J2219/0875 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/162 ,  C01B2202/02 ,  C01B2202/36 ,  D01F9/1278 ,  Y10S977/75 ,  Y10S977/751 ,  Y10S977/843 ,  Y10S977/845 ,  Y10S977/951 ,  Y10T428/30

    Abstract: The present invention discloses the process of supplying high pressure (e.g., 30 atmospheres) CO that has been preheated (e.g., to about 1000null C.) and a catalyst precursor gas (e.g., Fe(CO)5) in CO that is kept below the catalyst precursor decomposition temperature to a mixing zone. In this mixing zone, the catalyst precursor is rapidly heated to a temperature that results in (1) precursor decomposition, (2) formation of active catalyst metal atom clusters of the appropriate size, and (3) favorable growth of SWNTs on the catalyst clusters. Preferably a catalyst cluster nucleation agency is employed to enable rapid reaction of the catalyst precursor gas to form many small, active catalyst particles instead of a few large, inactive ones. Such nucleation agencies can include auxiliary metal precursors that cluster more rapidly than the primary catalyst, or through provision of additional energy inputs (e.g., from a pulsed or CW laser) directed precisely at the region where cluster formation is desired. Under these conditions SWNTs nucleate and grow according to the Boudouard reaction. The SWNTs thus formed may be recovered directly or passed through a growth and annealing zone maintained at an elevated temperature (e.g., 1000null C.) in which tubes may continue to grow and coalesce into ropes.

    Abstract translation: 本发明公开了在被保留的CO中提供已被预热（例如，约1000℃）的高压（例如，30个大气压）的CO和催化剂前体气体（例如，Fe（CO）5）的过程。 催化剂前体分解温度低于混合区。 在该混合区中，将催化剂前体快速加热到导致（1）前体分解的温度，（2）形成适当尺寸的活性催化剂金属原子簇，和（3）在催化剂簇上的SWNT的有利生长 。 优选使用催化剂簇成核剂来使催化剂前体气体快速反应以形成许多小的活性催化剂颗粒，而不是几个大的非活性催化剂颗粒。 这样的成核机构可以包括比主要催化剂更快地聚集的辅助金属前体，或者通过提供精确地指向需要簇形成的区域的额外的能量输入（例如来自脉冲或CW激光）。 在这些条件下，SWNT根据Boudouard反应成核并生长。 如此形成的SWNT可以直接回收或通过保持在高温（例如1000℃）的生长和退火区域，其中管可以继续生长并聚结成绳索。

    Gas-phase nucleation and growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO
    97.
    发明授权
    Gas-phase nucleation and growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO 有权
    单壁碳纳米管从高压CO气相成核和生长

    公开(公告)号：US06761870B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-07-13

    申请号：US09830642

    申请日：2002-07-01

    Applicant: Richard E. Smalley ,  Ken A. Smith ,  Daniel T. Colbert ,  Pavel Nikolaev ,  Michael J. Bronikowski ,  Robert K. Bradley ,  Frank Rohmund

    Inventor： Richard E. Smalley ,  Ken A. Smith ,  Daniel T. Colbert ,  Pavel Nikolaev ,  Michael J. Bronikowski ,  Robert K. Bradley ,  Frank Rohmund

    IPC: D01F912

    CPC classification number: B01J4/002 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/121 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J2219/0875 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/162 ,  C01B2202/02 ,  C01B2202/36 ,  D01F9/1278 ,  Y10S977/75 ,  Y10S977/751 ,  Y10S977/843 ,  Y10S977/845 ,  Y10S977/951 ,  Y10T428/30

    Abstract: The present invention discloses the process of supplying high pressure (e.g., 30 atmospheres) CO that has been preheated (e.g., to about 1000° C.) and a catalyst precursor gas (e.g., Fe(CO)5) in CO that is kept below the catalyst precursor decomposition temperature to a mixing zone. In this mixing zone, the catalyst precursor is rapidly heated to a temperature that results in (1) precursor decomposition, (2) formation of active catalyst metal atom clusters of the appropriate size, and (3) favorable growth of SWNTs on the catalyst clusters. Preferably a catalyst cluster nucleation agency is employed to enable rapid reaction of the catalyst precursor gas to form many small, active catalyst particles instead of a few large, inactive ones. Such nucleation agencies can include auxiliary metal precursors that cluster more rapidly than the primary catalyst, or through provision of additional energy inputs (e.g., from a pulsed or CW laser) directed precisely at the region where cluster formation is desired. Under these conditions SWNTs nucleate and grow according to the Boudouard reaction. The SWNTs thus formed may be recovered directly or passed through a growth and annealing zone maintained at an elevated temperature (e.g., 1000° C.) in which tubes may continue to grow and coalesce into ropes.

    Abstract translation: 本发明公开了在被保留的CO中提供已被预热（例如，约1000℃）的高压（例如，30个大气压）的CO和催化剂前体气体（例如，Fe（CO）5）的过程。 催化剂前体分解温度低于混合区。 在该混合区中，将催化剂前体快速加热到导致（1）前体分解的温度，（2）形成适当尺寸的活性催化剂金属原子簇，和（3）在催化剂簇上的SWNT的有利生长 。 优选使用催化剂簇成核剂来使催化剂前体气体快速反应以形成许多小的活性催化剂颗粒，而不是几个大的非活性催化剂颗粒。 这样的成核机构可以包括比主要催化剂更快地聚集的辅助金属前体，或者通过提供精确地指向需要簇形成的区域的额外的能量输入（例如来自脉冲或CW激光）。 在这些条件下，SWNT根据Boudouard反应成核并生长。 如此形成的SWNT可以直接回收或通过保持在高温（例如1000℃）的生长和退火区域，其中管可以继续生长并聚结成绳索。

    Supercritical reaction apparatus and method
    98.
    发明授权
    Supercritical reaction apparatus and method 失效
    超临界反应装置及方法

    公开(公告)号：US06495110B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-12-17

    申请号：US09403501

    申请日：1999-10-22

    Applicant: Tsutomu Higo ,  Massahiro Roberto Serikawa

    Inventor： Tsutomu Higo ,  Massahiro Roberto Serikawa

    IPC: F28D700

    CPC classification number: B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/006 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/20 ,  B01J19/243 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/00049 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  B01J2219/187 ,  Y02P20/544

    Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing substances by coexisting an object matter with water held at temperature above 200° C. to carry out chemical reactions such as severing of molecular chains, recombination and decoupling occluded molecules, oxidation and reduction reactions. A mixture phase containing an object matter and a liquid medium is subjected to a super-critical state of a medium in a super-critical reaction apparatus, where feed inlets are provided on the upper end, and a product outlet is provided on the lower end. In the interior of the apparatus, the super-critical zone is provided above and the sub-critical zone is provided below, and the object matter and the reaction products are progressed towards a lower end of a reaction chamber in one direction.

    Abstract translation: 通过将物体与保持在高于200℃的温度保持在一起的物质来进行物质的处理的方法和装置，以进行化学反应，例如切断分子链，重组和解耦闭塞的分子，氧化和还原反应。 含有物体和液体介质的混合相在超临界反应装置中经受介质的超临界状态，其中在上端设置有进料口，在下端设置有产物出口 。 在设备的内部，设置超临界区，并且在下方提供亚临界区，物体和反应产物沿着一个方向前进到反应室的下端。

    Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts
    100.
    发明授权
    Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts 失效
    使用无载金属催化剂生产单壁纳米管的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06221330B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

    申请号：US08910495

    申请日：1997-08-04

    Applicant: David Moy ,  Asif Chishti

    Inventor： David Moy ,  Asif Chishti

    IPC: D01F912

    CPC classification number: B82Y30/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/121 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J2219/0875 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/162 ,  C01B2202/02 ,  D01F9/127 ,  D01F9/1278 ,  Y10S977/742 ,  Y10S977/75 ,  Y10S977/842 ,  Y10S977/843 ,  Y10S977/896

    Abstract: A process for producing hollow, single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of one or more gaseous carbon compounds by first forming a gas phase mixture carbon feed stock gas comprising one or more gaseous carbon compounds, each having one to six carbon atoms and only H, O, N, S or Cl as hetero atoms, optionally admixed with hydrogen, and a gas phase metal containing compound which is unstable under reaction conditions for said decomposition, and which forms a metal containing catalyst which acts as a decomposition catalyst under reaction conditions; and then conducting said decomposition reaction under decomposition reaction conditions, thereby producing said nanotubes.

    Abstract translation: 一种通过一种或多种气态碳化合物的催化分解来制备中空单壁碳纳米管的方法，首先形成一种气相混合物碳原料气体，其包含一种或多种具有1-6个碳原子的气态碳化合物，并且仅H ，O，N，S或Cl作为杂原子，任选与氢混合，以及含有气相金属的化合物，在用于所述分解的反应条件下不稳定，并且在反应条件下形成用作分解催化剂的含金属催化剂 ; 然后在分解反应条件下进行所述分解反应，从而制备所述纳米管。

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