Abstract:
Integrated circuit libraries include a first standard cell having a first left boundary and a first right boundary, and a second standard cell having a second left boundary and a second right boundary. The first standard cell and the second standard cell are of a same cell variant. A first active region in the first standard cell has a different length of diffusion than a second active region in the second standard cell. The first active region and the second active region are corresponding active regions represented by a same component of a same circuit diagram representing both the first standard cell and the second standard cell.
Abstract:
A method of forming integrated circuits for a wafer includes providing an E-Beam direct write (EBDW) system. A grid is generated for the wafer, wherein the grid includes grid lines. An integrated circuit is laid out for the wafer, wherein substantially no sensitive features in the integrated circuit cross the grid lines of the grid. An EBDW is performed on the wafer using the EBDW system.
Abstract:
A method of designing a double patterning mask set includes dividing a chip into a grid comprising grid cells; and laying out a metal layer of the chip. In substantially each of the grid cells, all left-boundary patterns of the metal layer are assigned with a first one of a first indicator and a second indicator, and all right-boundary patterns of the metal layer are assigned with a second one of the first indicator and the second indicator. Starting from one of the grid cells in a row, indicator changes are propagated throughout the row. All patterns in the grid cells are transferred to the double patterning mask set, with all patterns assigned with the first indicator transferred to a first mask of the double patterning mask set, and all patterns assigned with the second indicator transferred to a second mask of the double patterning mask set.
Abstract:
A method of designing a double patterning mask set for a layout of a chip includes designing standard cells. In each of the standard cells, all left-boundary patterns are assigned with one of a first indicator and a second indicator, and all right-boundary patterns are assigned with an additional one of the first indicator and the second indicator. The method further includes placing the standard cells in a row of the layout of the chip. Starting from one of the standard cells in the row, indicator changes to the standard cells are propagated throughout the row. All patterns in the standard cells having the first indicator are transferred to a first mask of the double patterning mask set. All patterns in the standard cells having the second indicator are transferred to a second mask of the double patterning mask set.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a system and method for integrated circuit designs and post layout analysis. The integrated circuit design method includes providing a plurality of IC devices with various design dimensions; collecting electrical performance data of the IC devices; extracting equivalent dimensions of the IC devices; generating a shape related model to relate the equivalent dimensions to the electrical performance data of the IC devices; and creating a data refinement table using the equivalent dimensions and the electrical performance data.
Abstract:
A method for designing and manufacturing integrated circuits is provided. The method includes providing a modeling parameter set for manufacturing an integrated circuit; dividing the modeling parameter set into time-dependent data and time-independent data; saving substantially all time-independent data into a design library; and saving substantially all time-dependent data into a design-for-manufacturing (DFM) data kit, wherein the DFM data kit is external to the design library.
Abstract:
A shoe pad includes air pumping elements for cooling the interior of a shoe. The pumping elements include forward pumping elements for pumping air from back to front, and backward pumping elements for pumping air from front to back. The pad includes an upper sheet attached to a lower sheet. Each pumping element includes a channel on the lower sheet covered by the upper sheet. The channel has an intake and an exhaust. Cavities are distributed along the channel. Resilient blisters on the upper sheet are aligned with the cavities on the lower sheet to define pumps. Each pump has an intake and an exhaust. Flap valves projecting down from the upper sheet are respectively positioned against the intakes of the pumps. Alignment pins projecting down from the top sheet are positioned in alignment holes on the lower sheet.
Abstract:
An elastic-cup support for keyboard is in the form of a flat locating sheet located on a membrane-type switch circuit board of the keyboard, and provided at positions corresponding to membrane-type switches on the circuit board with receiving holes for separately receiving an elastic cup therein. Each of the receiving holes is provided with an upward projected wall portion to confine the elastic cup to the receiving hole. The wall portion is optionally provided with at least one notch having a lug radially inward extended therefrom, such that the elastic cup confined by the wall portion is also pressed against the at least one lug to fixedly located in the receiving hole on the flat locating sheet. Alternatively, the wall portion may be provided at an upper edge with at least one radially inward projected lug to prevent the elastic cup from separating from the receiving hole.
Abstract:
An elastic-cup support for keyboard is in the form of a flat locating sheet located on a membrane-type switch circuit board of the keyboard, and provided at positions corresponding to membrane-type switches on the circuit board with receiving holes for separately receiving an elastic cup therein. Each of the receiving holes is provided with an upward projected wall portion to confine the elastic cup to the receiving hole. The wall portion is optionally provided with at least one notch having a lug radially inward extended therefrom, such that the elastic cup confined by the wall portion is also pressed against the at least one lug to fixedly located in the receiving hole on the flat locating sheet. Alternatively, the wall portion may be provided at an upper edge with at least one radially inward projected lug to prevent the elastic cup from separating from the receiving hole.
Abstract:
A multiple-key key assembly includes an integrated key top and key base unit with a built-in stabilizer. The key top includes a key plunger for mating with a key plunger guide provided in the key seat of a keyboard to support the key assembly on the keyboard and for making key stroke contacts with depression of the key top. The stabilizer includes a swing rod connected in a movable fashion between the key top and the key base. When eccentric actuation occurs from the top of the key top, the eccentric force is deflected by the swing rod and uniform force transmission is achieved to provide smooth operation of the integrated key. A support plunger provided in the key top is guided by a support plunger guide provided in the key base for added stability. The integrated structure with the built-in stabilizer allows the integrated key assembly to be adapted to a wide range of multiple-key applications, including double and quad keys. The integrated key assembly can be easily assembled to or disassembled from the keyboard by connecting or disconnecting the key plunger to the key plunger guide without the need for special tools.