公开(公告)号：US07022421B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-04

申请号：US10226674

申请日：2002-08-23

Applicant: Mark E. Thompson ,  Xiaofan Ren ,  Vadim Adamovich ,  Steven Cordero ,  Brian Wendell D'Andrade ,  Bert Alleyne ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Xiaofan Ren ,  Vadim Adamovich ,  Steven Cordero ,  Brian Wendell D'Andrade ,  Bert Alleyne ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H05B33/12

CPC classification number: H01L51/5096 ,  H01L51/0034 ,  H01L51/0035 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/005 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0062 ,  H01L51/007 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/0079 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0082 ,  H01L51/0084 ,  H01L51/0085 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/5048 ,  Y10S428/917 ,  Y10T428/24942

Abstract: Light emitting devices having blocking layers comprising one or more metal complexes are provided. The blocking layers may serve to block electrons, holes, and/or excitons. Preferably, the devices further comprise a separate emissive layer in which charge and/or excitons are confined. Metal complexes suitable for blocking layers can be selected by comparison of HOMO and LUMO energy levels of materials comprising adjacent layers in devices of the present invention.

公开(公告)号：US06995445B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-07

申请号：US10607211

申请日：2003-06-25

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Barry P. Rand ,  Michael J. Lange

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Barry P. Rand ,  Michael J. Lange

IPC: H01L31/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/4246 ,  G01S7/4816 ,  H01L27/305 ,  H01L31/101 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0062 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: The present invention is directed to organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices and methods of use for determining the position of a light source. Provided is an organic position sensitive detector (OPSD) comprising: a first electrode, which is resistive and may be either an anode or a cathode; a first contact in electrical contact with the first electrode; a second contact in electrical contact with the first electrode; a second electrode disposed near the first electrode; a donor semiconductive organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an acceptor semiconductive organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and adjacent to the donor semiconductive organic layer. A hetero-junction is located between the donor layer and the acceptor layer, and at least one of the donor layer and the acceptor layer is light absorbing. The OPSD has an optical beam spatial resolution of 20 μm and measurements are insensitive to fluctuations in incident light beam intensity and background illumination. The response of the OPSD shows high linearity, low positional error, high spatial resolution, and good beam tracking velocity. The OPSDs exhibited linearities and positional uncertainties of

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及有机光敏光电器件和用于确定光源位置的方法。 提供了一种有机位置敏感检测器（OPSD），其包括：第一电极，其是电阻性的并且可以是阳极或阴极; 与所述第一电极电接触的第一接触; 与所述第一电极电接触的第二触点; 设置在第一电极附近的第二电极; 设置在所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间的供体半导体有机层; 以及设置在第一电极和第二电极之间并且与施主半导体有机层相邻的受主半导体有机层。 异质结位于供体层和受主层之间，供体层和受体层中的至少一个是光吸收的。 OPSD的光束空间分辨率为20um，测量对入射光束强度和背景照明的波动不敏感。 OPSD的响应显示出高线性度，低位置误差，高空间分辨率和良好的光束跟踪速度。 OPSD显示线性和位置不确定度<1％。

公开(公告)号：US06902830B2

公开(公告)日：2005-06-07

申请号：US10171235

申请日：2002-06-13

Applicant: Mark E. Thompson ,  Peter Djurovic ,  Sergey Lamansky ,  Drew Murphy ,  Raymond Kwong ,  Feras Abdel-Razzaq ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Marc A. Baldo ,  Paul E. Burrows

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Peter Djurovic ,  Sergey Lamansky ,  Drew Murphy ,  Raymond Kwong ,  Feras Abdel-Razzaq ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Marc A. Baldo ,  Paul E. Burrows

IPC: C07D209/86 ,  C09K11/06 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H05B33/14

CPC classification number: C07D209/86 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C09K2211/1007 ,  C09K2211/1014 ,  C09K2211/1029 ,  C09K2211/1033 ,  C09K2211/1037 ,  C09K2211/1092 ,  C09K2211/185 ,  C09K2211/186 ,  H01L51/0042 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/006 ,  H01L51/0062 ,  H01L51/0065 ,  H01L51/0067 ,  H01L51/0068 ,  H01L51/0071 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0085 ,  H01L51/0087 ,  H01L51/0088 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/5096 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  H05B33/14 ,  Y10S428/917

Abstract: Organic light emitting devices are described wherein the emissive layer comprises a host material containing an emissive molecule, which molecule is adapted to luminesce when a voltage is applied across the heterostructure, and the emissive molecule is selected from the group of phosphorescent organometallic complexes, including cyclometallated platinum, iridium and osmium complexes. The organic light emitting devices optionally contain an exciton blocking layer. Furthermore, improved electroluminescent efficiency in organic light emitting devices is obtained with an emitter layer comprising organometallic complexes of transition metals of formula L2MX, wherein L and X are distinct bidentate ligands. Compounds of this formula can be synthesized more facilely than in previous approaches and synthetic options allow insertion of fluorescent molecules into a phosphorescent complex, ligands to fine tune the color of emission, and ligands to trap carriers.

Abstract translation: 描述了有机发光器件，其中发射层包含含有发射分子的主体材料，该分子适于在跨异质结构施加电压时发光，并且发射分子选自磷光有机金属络合物，包括环金属化 铂，铱和锇络合物。 有机发光器件任选地包含激子阻挡层。 此外，通过具有式L 2 MX的过渡金属的有机金属络合物的发射极层获得有机发光器件中的电致发光效率的提高，其中L和X是不同的二齿配位体。 该配方的化合物可以比先前的方法更容易合成，并且合成选项允许将荧光分子插入磷光复合物，配体以微调发光的颜色，以及配体捕获载体。

公开(公告)号：US06894307B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-17

申请号：US10355316

申请日：2003-01-31

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Marc A. Baldo

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Marc A. Baldo

IPC: C09K11/06 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L51/50

CPC classification number: H01L51/5096 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0062 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0084 ,  H01L51/0085 ,  H01L51/0088 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/5028 ,  H01L2251/308

Abstract: Organic light emitting devices are described wherein the emissive layer comprises a host material containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent emissive molecule, which molecule is adapted to luminesce when a voltage is applied across the heterostructure, wherein an intersystem crossing molecule of optical absorption spectrum matched to the emission spectrum of the emissive molecule enhances emission efficiency.

Abstract translation: 描述了有机发光器件，其中发射层包括含有荧光或磷光发射分子的主体材料，该分子适于在跨异质结构施加电压时发光，其中光学吸收光谱的跨系统交叉分子与发射 发射分子的光谱提高了发射效率。

公开(公告)号：US06888306B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-03

申请号：US10437051

申请日：2003-05-14

Applicant: Gong Gu ,  Paul Burrows ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Gong Gu ,  Paul Burrows ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H05B33/02 ,  C09K11/06 ,  G09F9/30 ,  G09F13/22 ,  H01J1/62 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H05B33/10 ,  H05B33/12 ,  H05B33/26 ,  H01J63/04

CPC classification number: H01L51/5012 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0097 ,  H01L2251/5338 ,  H05B33/10 ,  H05B33/12

Abstract: An organic light emitting device (OLED) is disclosed for which the hole transporting layer, the electron transporting layer and/or the emissive layer, if separately present, is comprised of a non-polymeric material. A method for preparing such OLED's using vacuum deposition techniques is further disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US06844025B2

公开(公告)日：2005-01-18

申请号：US10757896

申请日：2004-01-14

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Peter Peumans

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Peter Peumans

IPC: H01L51/42 ,  B32B9/04 ,  H01L31/06 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L51/4246 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L27/305 ,  H01L27/307 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/005 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0071 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4273 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y10S428/913 ,  Y10T428/24942

Abstract: Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices (“OPODs”) are disclosed which include an exciton blocking layer to enhance device efficiency. Single heterostructure, stacked and wave-guide type embodiments are disclosed. Photodetector OPODs having multilayer structures and an exciton blocking layer are also disclosed. Guidelines for selection of exciton blocking layers are provided.

Abstract translation: 公开了包括激子阻挡层以提高器件效率的有机光敏光电器件（“OPOD”）。 公开了单异质结构，堆叠和波导型实施例。 还公开了具有多层结构和激子阻挡层的光检测器OPOD。 提供了选择激子阻挡层的准则。

公开(公告)号：US06734038B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-11

申请号：US09946372

申请日：2001-09-04

Applicant: Max Shtein ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Max Shtein ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01L5140

CPC classification number: H01L51/0545 ,  B05D1/60 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/228 ,  H01L51/0002 ,  H01L51/0052 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: A method of employing organic vapor phase deposition to fabricate a polycrystalline organic thin film is described. By employing organic vapor phase deposition at moderate deposition chamber pressures and substrate temperatures, a polycrystalline organic thin film results having significantly larger purity and grain size than what is achievable by vacuum thermal evaporation. These polycrystalline organic thin films may be employed in a variety of applications, including, for example, organic light emitting devices, photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, lasers, and thin film transistors.

公开(公告)号：US06657378B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US09948226

申请日：2001-09-06

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Aharon Yakimov

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Aharon Yakimov

IPC: H01J162

CPC classification number: H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/424 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices. More specifically, it is directed to organic photovoltaic devices, e.g., organic solar cells. Further, it is directed to an optimized organic solar cell comprising multiple stacked subcells in series. High power conversion efficiency are achieved by fabrication of a photovoltaic cell comprising multiple stacked subcells with thickness optimization and employing an electron blocking layer.

公开(公告)号：US06596134B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-22

申请号：US09468986

申请日：1999-12-21

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Gong Gu

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Gong Gu

IPC: C23C1400

CPC classification number: H01L51/5234 ,  C09K11/06 ,  H01L27/156 ,  H01L27/3209 ,  H01L51/0034 ,  H01L51/0035 ,  H01L51/0036 ,  H01L51/0038 ,  H01L51/0042 ,  H01L51/005 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/008 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0084 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L51/5036 ,  H01L51/5048 ,  H01L51/5243 ,  H01L51/5246 ,  H01L51/5253 ,  H01L2224/24145 ,  H01L2251/5323 ,  H01L2924/01021 ,  H01L2924/01068 ,  H01L2924/12041 ,  H01L2924/12044 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: A multicolor organic light emitting device employs vertically stacked layers of double heterostructure devices which are fabricated from organic compounds. The vertical stacked structure is formed on a glass base having a transparent coating of ITO or similar metal to provide a substrate. Deposited on the substrate is the vertical stacked arrangement of three double heterostructure devices, each fabricated from a suitable organic material. Stacking is implemented such that the double heterostructure with the longest wavelength is on the top of the stack. This constitutes the device emitting red light on the top with the device having the shortest wavelength, namely, the device emitting blue light, on the bottom of the stack. Located between the red and blue device structures is the green device structure. The devices are configured as stacked to provide a staircase profile whereby each device is separated from the other by a thin transparent conductive contact layer to enable light emanating from each of the devices to pass through the semitransparent contacts and through the lower device structures while further enabling each of the devices to receive a selective bias. The devices are substantially transparent when de-energized, making them useful for heads-up display applications.

Abstract translation: 多色有机发光器件采用由有机化合物制成的双异质结构器件的垂直层叠层。 垂直堆叠结构形成在具有ITO或类似金属的透明涂层的玻璃基底上以提供基底。 沉积在衬底上的是三个双异质结构器件的垂直堆叠布置，每个由异质结构器件制成，每个由合适的有机材料制成。 实施堆叠，使得具有最长波长的双异质结构位于堆叠的顶部。 这构成在顶部发射红光的装置，其中装置具有最短波长，即发射蓝光的装置，在堆叠的底部。 位于红色和蓝色的设备结构之间是绿色设备结构。 这些器件被配置为堆叠以提供阶梯轮廓，由此每个器件通过薄的透明导电接触层与另一个分离，以使来自每个器件的光能够透过半透明触点并通过下部器件结构，同时进一步启用 每个设备接收选择性偏差。 当断电时，这些器件基本上是透明的，使得它们对于平视显示器应用是有用的。

公开(公告)号：US06573651B2

公开(公告)日：2003-06-03

申请号：US09740183

申请日：2000-12-18

Applicant: Chihaya Adachi ,  Marc A. Baldo ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Chihaya Adachi ,  Marc A. Baldo ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01J162

CPC classification number: H01L51/5088 ,  H01L51/005 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0084 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/5048 ,  Y10T428/24942

Abstract: The present invention is directed to simplified OLED structures comprising an anode layer, a hole injecting layer (HIL) in direct contact with the anode layer, an emissive organic electron transporting layer (ETL) in direct contact with the hole injecting layer, and a cathode layer in direct contact with the emissive organic electron transporting layer. The hole injecting material used in the hole injecting layer is characterized, in particular, as being an organic material having an ionization potential that is not more than about 0.7 eV greater than the ionization potential of the material used for the anode layer. The emissive organic electron transporting layer comprises an organic electron transporting material and an organic hole-trapping emissive material, for example, an organic phosphorescent material that produces emission from a triplet excited state of an organic molecule.