摘要:
An illumination system comprises a light source unit, a condenser lens, and a lens for constructing a telecentric optical system, and projects measuring light onto a specimen to be measured, from an angle tilted by a prescribed angle relative to the normal to the specimen. A light receiving system is an optical system comprising the lens, a light receiving lens, and a light receiving sensor and, of the reflected light produced by reflection of the measuring light, the light receiving system receives reflected light rays reflected in a direction whose angle to the normal to the measuring surface is 0°. In this way, the telecentric optical system is constructed by placing the lens in the light paths of the illumination system and the light receiving system; with this configuration, the projection angle of the measuring light to the curved specimen and the receiving angle of the reflected light from the curved specimen, respectively, can be made the same within the curved surface of the specimen.
摘要:
A control apparatus for a vibration type actuator is disclosed, with which at least three kinds of vibrations are excited, and a desired motion can be carried out with high efficiency. The vibration type actuator includes a rotatable moving member, an elastic member contacting the moving member, and an electro-mechanical energy conversion element exciting at least three different kinds of vibrations in the elastic member by supplying at least three periodic signals having different phases. The control apparatus includes a rotation axis determining unit, a parameter determining unit and a control circuit. The rotation axis determining unit determines a rotation axis for rotating the moving member. The parameter determining unit determines, by using an inverse model, phase and amplitude of the periodical signals.
摘要:
An electrocatalyst contains a conductive support which loads a noble metal thereon. In the electrocatalyst of the present invention, the noble metal is formed by adding a reducing agent for an ion of the noble metal to a reversed micellar solution containing an aqueous solution of the noble metal ion, and the noble metal is loaded with a mean particle diameter ranging from 1 to 10 nm.
摘要:
An assay and kit for the detection of phenotypic resistance of a retrovirus to a reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug in a biological sample. The assay is based on the direct analysis of the susceptibility of retroviral reverse transcriptase to inhibition by a reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug. The enzymatic activity of the reverse transcriptase is determined by measuring the DNA product produced when an RNA template and a first complementary DNA primer from a suitable region of the encephalomyocarditis virus genome are incubated with a biological sample containing reverse transcriptase in the presence of the drug to which resistance is being determined.
摘要:
A three-dimensional model is created without carrying out complicated modeling by incorporating elements of a two-dimensional image into the three-dimensional model. A two-dimensional image inputted to a two-dimensional image input section is stored in a two-dimensional image storing section, while information on a predetermined element of the two-dimensional image is extracted in a processing section in relation to three-dimensional information, and thereafter transformed to three-dimensional information. A three-dimensional modeling data producing section adds the three-dimensional information transformed from the element information to modeling data which expresses a three-dimensional shape which is previously prepared, and thereby creates a three-dimensional model. A rendering section subjects the three-dimensional model thus created to bump mapping, texture mapping or the like, and thereafter, a three-dimensional image is displayed by a display section.
摘要:
A vibration type activator having improved electro-mechanical energy conversion efficiency and reduced noise generation includes plural switching elements each of which is operated by a switching pulse signal generated by a drive control circuit of the motor. A drive control circuit selects a pulse width of the generated switching pulse signal such that the amplitude of a base wave frequency component (“base wave”) among frequency components of a voltage applied to an inductance element may be larger than a total amplitude of higher harmonic wave frequency components (“whole higher harmonic wave”).
摘要:
This invention relates to a driving device for a vibration type actuator. In this device, since the characteristics of the actuator change depending on temperature and the like, control characteristics must be optimized. This invention is designed to determine a control gain based on the ratio of the change amount of the frequency of a driving signal that causes the speed change to the change amount of the speed when the driving speed changes a predetermined amount upon driving of the actuator, thereby performing appropriate control.
摘要:
A paper return device detachably fitted to an image forming apparatus having a paper feeding port for feeding paper from outside the image forming apparatus, a paper transport mechanism for transporting the paper from the paper feeding port to an image forming unit and a paper output port from which the paper carrying an image formed by the image forming unit is ejected to the outside of the image forming apparatus. The paper return device includes a paper return guideway which connects the paper output port of the image forming apparatus to its paper feeding port when the paper return device is fitted to the image forming apparatus, whereby the paper ejected from the paper output port is fed back to the paper feeding port through the paper return guideway.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for producing a golf club shaft made of a fiber-reinforced resin which includes the steps of rotating a shaft substrate made of an uncured fiber-reinforced resin on the axis thereof, moving a plurality of creel stands in parallel in the axial direction of the shaft substrate, and feeding out tapes from a plurality of the creel stands and winding and laminating the tapes simultaneously and spirally on the outermost layer of the shaft substrate for integrally molding them while the rotating speed of the shaft substrate and the moving speed of the creel stands are being controlled simultaneously.
摘要:
This invention relates to a driving apparatus for a vibration type actuator device which obtains a driving force by applying a frequency signal to an electro-mechanical energy conversion element.This invention provides, as the driving apparatus, a vibration type actuator device which changes the frequency of the frequency signal until the driving speed reaches a speed higher than a target speed upon driving control to the target speed, and thereafter, switches the control to the target speed to amplitude control of the frequency signal, so that the driving speed can be quickly changed to the target speed, and the subsequent target speed control can be appropriately performed.