Abstract:
Disclosed herein are methods and cell lines used in fat regulation. The methods and cell lines incorporate Krüppel-like factors including, without limitation, klf-1 and klf-3.
Abstract:
The invention provides a diagnostic method of determining Rh genotypes by the identification of the molecular basis of Rh polymorphisms. Specifically, the invention provides a method for directly determining Dd and associated CcEe genotypes with great accuracy, overcoming problems associated with traditional serologic typing methods and leading to a direct discrimination of D/D, D/d, and d/d genetic status. The diagnostic method allows genotyping of fetuses to assess the risk of hemolytic diseases caused by Rh alloimmunization and genetic counseling and/or testing of couples to predict the outcome of pregnancies in relation to Rh incompatibilities. The method of the invention preferably employs amplification of Rh nucleic acid sequences, and employs differential cleavage of RhD-, RhCc- and/or RhEe-specific nucleic acid sequences by a restriction enzyme. Furthermore, diagnostic kits for the determination of Rh genotypes are provided.
Abstract:
A MOS capacitor structure in accordance with the invention is formed by depositing a polysilicon electrode layer on the substrate. Oxide regions are then formed on the polysilicon layer. Using the oxide regions as a mask, pillars are etched in the polysilicon electrode layer.
Abstract:
A method for manufacturing a self-aligned contact MOS field effect transistor integrated circuit has a substrate doped with a first conductivity. The substrate has field oxide regions separating the planned active transistor regions, and gate dielectric/gate electrode structures over the designated channel regions for the integrated circuit device. Opposite type conductivity ions are implanted into the doped silicon substrate to form the lightly doped portion of the source/drain regions for the transistor. Dielectric spacers are formed on the sidewalls of the dielectric/gate electrode structures. A block out mask is formed over the source/drain regions designated to have self-aligned contacts made thereto. Opposite type conductivity ions are implanted into the substrate to form heavily doped portions to complete the formation of the source/drain regions in those nondesignated self-aligned contact regions. The block out mask is removed. The structure is subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere to preferentially oxidize polysilicon gate regions and heavily doped source/drain regions (thicker silicon dioxide) is compared to the lightly doped source/drain regions (thinner silicon dioxide). Opposite type conductivity ions are implanted into the doped subtrate to form heavily doped portion and to complete the formation of the source/drain regions in those designated self-aligned contact regions. Chemical dip etching is used to remove thin oxide over the designated self-aligned contact source/drain regions while leaving the thicker oxide layer remaining over the nondesignated source/drain regions. The appropriate metallurgy is provided to the designated self-aligned regions to electrically connect MOS field effect transistors into a desired integrated circuit.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are methods and cell lines used in fat regulation. The methods and cell lines incorporate Krüppel-like factors including, without limitation, klf-1 and klf-3.
Abstract:
A method for manufacturing mixed-mode devices that can eliminate watermarks resulting from the formation of residues at the dead corner space of an inverted trapezium-shaped structure at the upper end of a shallow trench during dual gate-oxide processing operation. This method uses the same chemical processing conditions for etching the oxide layer and the removal of photoresist layer, so that no watermarks remain after the etching and cleaning processes. MOS transistors are formed over the thin gate oxide layer region and the thick gate oxide region are of, two types, each having a different gate oxide layer thickness so that each has a different operating voltage.
Abstract:
A method for forming a double spacer structure comprising the steps of first providing a semiconductor substrate that has a first gate and a second gate already formed thereon, wherein the gate length of the second gate is greater than the gate length of the first gate. Then, a first insulating layer is formed over the substrate and the gates. Next, a photoresist layer is formed over the first insulating layer above the second gate while exposing the first insulating layer above the first gate. Subsequently, a first etching operation is performed to establish a first spacer structure along the sidewalls of the first gate, and then the photoresist layer is removed leaving the first insulating layer over the second gate. Thereafter, a second insulating layer is formed over the substrate, the first gate and the first insulating layer, and then a second etching operation is performed to establish a second spacer structure along the sidewalls of the second gate. Therefore, a second spacer that has a width greater than the first spacer does is finally obtained.
Abstract:
A method of forming a field oxide isolation region is described, in which a masking layer is formed over a silicon substrate. The masking layer is patterned to form an opening for the field oxide isolation region, whereby the remainder of the masking layer forms an implant mask. A conductivity-imparting dopant is implanted through the opening into the silicon substrate. Oxygen is implanted through the opening into the silicon substrate in multiple implantation steps. The implant mask is removed. The field oxide isolation region is formed in and on the silicon substrate, by annealing in a non-oxygen ambient. Alternately, the field oxide isolation region is formed by annealing in oxygen, simultaneously forming a gate oxide in the region between the field oxide isolation regions.
Abstract:
A new isolation technology fabrication process is provided including the step of forming a trench in a semiconductor material. Then, several poly walls are formed in the trench. The poly walls are oxidized to form a single oxide isolation region filling the trench.
Abstract:
A capacitor structure suitable for use in Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) Integrated Circuit (IC) devices and its method of fabrication is disclosed. The capacitor includes a main or root trench extending vertically into the silicon substrate and at least one buried trench extending horizontally into the side wall of the main trench. The enlarged trench sidewall surface area as a result of the added buried trenches increases the total capacitance of the capacitor and it suitable for use with high density, high data volume memory devices. The buried trenches are formed by implanting oxygen or nitrogen ions into the designated depths of the silicon substrate, subsequently annealing the entire substrate at the absence of gaseous oxygen, and etching away the converted silicon dioxide or silicon nitride. The formed trench system can reduce the accumulation of the structural stress to avoid the formation of crystalline defects and obtain the resulting device with better quality.