Abstract:
A nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of memory blocks each configured to include a plurality of pages, a plurality of page buffers configured to correspond to the plurality of memory blocks and send copyback data, a controller configured to send the copyback data to a page buffer selected from among the page buffers, and a register configured to store an address of a page that has been failed, from among the pages, during a copyback program operation.
Abstract:
A nonvolatile memory device is operated by, inter alia, performing a program operation on memory cells belonging to a page selected from among a plurality of pages, performing a verification operation on the programmed memory cells, loading a start loop value of a fail bit count set to the selected page, from among start loop values of fail bit counts set to the respective pages, and if a loop value of the program operation is greater than or equal to the start loop value, counting a number of fail bits included in data of the programmed memory cells detected in the verification operation.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for generating a tracking error signal (TES). A low level TES is prevented from being generated due to noise in an optical disk drive for reproducing a high-density multi-layered optical disk. The apparatus includes: an N-split optical reception element to receive light reflected by a disk loaded in the optical disk drive, a phase difference signal detection module to detect a plurality of phase difference signals using signals output from the N-split optical reception element, a pulse width modulation module to modulate pulse widths of the plurality of phase difference signals so that the pulse widths of the plurality of phase difference signals are magnified, and a difference detector to detect a difference between the plurality of phase difference signals whose pulse widths are modulated and outputting the detected difference as the TES. N may be a positive integer.
Abstract:
A torque converter for a vehicle includes a front cover integrally formed with a boss to which a crank shaft of an engine side is connected, an impeller connected to the front cover to rotate together with the front cover, a turbine disposed facing the impeller, a stator disposed between the impeller and the turbine to convert flow of oil directed from the turbine, and a lockup clutch mechanism for directly connecting the engine to the turbine. The impeller, turbine, stator define a torque fluid actuating portion. An actuating chamber C has a ratio (D2/D1) of an inner diameter D2 to an outer diameter D1 is in a range of about 0.55-0.61.
Abstract:
A method of sensing failure of a thermostat in a vehicle comprises the steps of sensing signals from various kinds of sensors after starting of the engine, and determining whether the signals are normal; determining whether the amount of intake air among the sensed signals from the sensors in the above step is larger than the amount of intake air during a predetermined period; accumulating the elapsed time by a given time at every predetermined time depending on the determination in the above step; determining whether the accumulated time obtained in the above step has reached a predetermined time for determining the failure; sensing the temperature of the coolant when the accumulated time in the above step has reached the predetermined time for determining the failure, and determining whether the sensed temperature of the coolant is below a predetermined temperature of the coolant; and indicating failure alarm when the sensed temperature of the coolant in the above step is below the predetermined temperature of the coolant, thereby previously preventing overheat of an engine in the vehicle by sensing the failure of the thermostat which opens and closes a coolant passage depending on the temperature of the coolant for cooling the engine.
Abstract:
A semiconductor memory device includes a normal data storage block configured to store a normal data, a setup data storage block for storing a setup data including at least two duplicate data, an access unit configured to access the normal data of the normal data storage block or the setup data of the setup data storage block, a first transfer unit configured to transfer the setup data accessed by the access unit, a data decision unit configured to determine a correct data based on the setup data transferred by the first transfer unit, a second transfer unit configured to transfer the normal data accessed by the access unit, and a data output unit configured to output the setup data transferred by the first transfer unit or the normal data transferred by the second transfer unit to the outside of the semiconductor memory device in response to a control signal.
Abstract:
An optical disk reproducing apparatus to equalize and reproduce a signal optically read from an optical disk includes a controller to determine a number of regions to divide the optical disk into according to a reproduction frequency variation corresponding to a signal quality variation, and an equalizer to filter signals optically read from the divided regions with a cut-off frequency corresponding to the reproduction frequency variation.
Abstract:
A temperature control system for semiconductor manufacturing equipment is disclosed, which can properly cool a process chamber adopted in the semiconductor manufacturing equipment such as a wafer etching device. The temperature control system for semiconductor manufacturing equipment includes a thermocline for cooling heat transfer fluid accommodated therein through a heat exchange with a heat exchanger and storing heat energy, a supply line for controlling the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the thermocline through a heater and supplying the heat transfer fluid with a proper temperature to a process device, a recovery line for forwarding the heat transfer fluid having passed through the process device to the thermocline, and a bypass for forwarding a part of the heat transfer fluid passing through the recovery line to the supply line through the heater.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus to control a position in which data is to be recorded on a holographic data recording medium by using interference between a reference light and a signal light, the method including: irradiating the reference light and the signal light on the holographic data recording medium; generating a focus error signal that indicates a distance difference between a first focus corresponding to a focus of the reference light on the holographic data recording medium and a second focus corresponding to a focus of the signal light on the holographic data recording medium, based on information about a reflective signal light generated when the irradiated signal light is reflected from a reflective transmission layer of the holographic data recording medium; and moving the second focus to a position of the first focus, based on the focus error signal.
Abstract:
Provided are a method and apparatus for recording and/or reproducing data into and/or from an optical disk. The apparatus includes a reference beam optical system to form a focus of a reference beam in an optical data storage layer of the optical disk and including an objective lens; a signal beam optical system to form a focus of a signal beam in the optical data storage layer and also including the objective lens; and a servo optical system to project a servo beam onto the optical disk, receiving a reflection servo beam which is reflected on the optical disk, and performing focusing and tracking control on the objective lens. The reference beam optical system includes a first focus mover to move the focus of the reference beam, and the signal beam optical system includes a second focus mover to move the focus of the signal beam. The data is recorded into a plurality of recording layers in the optical data storage layer by moving a first focus position, at which the foci of the reference beam and the signal beam are located, in a thickness direction of the optical data storage layer, which is a focusing direction.