公开(公告)号：US20100234837A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-16

申请号：US12723091

申请日：2010-03-12

Applicant: Robert R. ALFANO

Inventor： Robert R. ALFANO

IPC: A61B18/22 ,  G02F1/35 ,  G02F1/355 ,  A01N1/02

CPC classification number: G02B21/0064 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B18/20 ,  A61B2017/00508 ,  A61B2018/1807 ,  A61B2018/2065 ,  A61N5/0622 ,  A61N2005/0659 ,  A61N2005/067 ,  G01N33/4833 ,  G02B21/0032 ,  G02B21/0084 ,  G02F1/3515 ,  G02F1/3536 ,  G02F1/355 ,  G02F1/3551 ,  G02F1/365 ,  G02F2001/3528 ,  G06N99/002

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for producing SuperContinuum (SC) light for medical and biological applications is provided. Pulses are focused from a laser system into at least one of a pressurized cell and one or more fibers. A pump pulse is converted into the SC light at a specified rate of repetition. The SC light is applied at the specified rate of repetition to tissue for medical and biological applications.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于生产用于医疗和生物应用的超级连续（SC）光的方法和装置。 脉冲从激光系统聚焦成加压电池和一个或多个光纤中的至少一个。 泵浦脉冲以指定的重复速率转换成SC光。 以指定的重复速率将SC光施加到用于医疗和生物应用的组织。

公开(公告)号：US07706862B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-27

申请号：US10926556

申请日：2004-08-26

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Jamal H. Ali ,  Wubao Wang ,  Manuel Zevallos

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Jamal H. Ali ,  Wubao Wang ,  Manuel Zevallos

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  A61B5/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/415 ,  A61B5/4381 ,  A61B5/7264

Abstract: Spectral optical imaging at one or more key water absorption fingerprint wavelengths measures the difference in water content between a region of cancerous or precancerous tissue and a region of normal tissue. Water content is an important diagnostic parameter because cancerous and precancerous tissues have different water content than normal tissues. Key water absorption wavelengths include at least one of 980 nanometers (nm), 1195 nm, 1456 nm, 1944 nm, 2880 nm to 3360 nm, and 4720 nm. In the range of 400 nm to 6000 nm, one or more points of negligible water absorption are used as reference points for a comparison with one or more key neighboring water absorption wavelengths. Different images are generated using at least two wavelengths, including a water absorption wavelength and a negligible water absorption wavelength, to yield diagnostic information relevant for classifying a tissue region as cancerous, precancerous, or normal. The results of this comparison can be used to identify regions of cancerous tissue in organs such as the breast, cervix and prostate.

Abstract translation: 一个或多个关键的吸水指纹波长的光谱成像测量癌变或癌前组织区域与正常组织区域之间的含水量差异。 水含量是重要的诊断参数，因为癌和癌前组织的含水量比正常组织水分含量高。 关键的吸水波长包括980纳米（nm），1195nm，1456nm，1944nm，2880nm至3360nm和4720nm中的至少一个。 在400nm至6000nm的范围内，使用可忽略的吸水点的一个或多个点作为与一个或多个关键相邻吸水波长的比较的参考点。 使用包括吸水波长和可忽略的吸水波长的至少两个波长产生不同的图像，以产生与将癌组织区域分类为癌，癌前或正常相关的诊断信息。 该比较的结果可以用于识别器官如乳腺，子宫颈和前列腺中癌组织的区域。

公开(公告)号：US07145148B2

公开(公告)日：2006-12-05

申请号：US10949571

申请日：2004-09-24

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Baolong Yu

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Baolong Yu

IPC: G01J5/02 ,  G01N21/88 ,  G01N21/47

CPC classification number: G01N21/3581 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/8422

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for non-destructively detecting material abnormalities beneath a coated surface. A terahertz (THz) illumination unit illuminates an area of the coated surface. A detection unit detects light reflected from the illuminated area of the coated surface, and a processing unit images the illuminated area of the coated surface from optical characteristics received from the detection unit.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供用于非破坏性地检测涂覆表面下方的材料异常的系统和方法。 太赫兹（THz）照明单元照亮涂层表面的一个区域。 检测单元检测从涂覆表面的照射区域反射的光，并且处理单元从从检测单元接收的光学特性对涂覆表面的照射区域进行成像。

公开(公告)号：US07106972B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-12

申请号：US10116194

申请日：2002-04-04

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Jin Pin Ying ,  Swapan K. Gayen ,  Wei Cai

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Jin Pin Ying ,  Swapan K. Gayen ,  Wei Cai

IPC: H04B10/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/1121

Abstract: A method of improving a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for a light signal transmitted by wireless optical communication through adverse environmental conditions, the light signal including a snake component and a ballistic component for carrying coded information, and a diffusive component that adds to background noise, the method comprising the steps of: encoding information to be transmitted by the light signal, wherein the light signal is one of a serial train of code pulses or a modulated light beam; selecting an appropriate wavelength for the encoded light signal; transmitting the encoded light signal though the adverse environmental conditions; receiving the encoded light signal; sorting the received encoded light signal to preferentially select the information carrying components and reduce the diffusive component; and detecting the sorted encoded light signal with a photo-detector.

公开(公告)号：US06853926B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-08

申请号：US10455662

申请日：2003-06-05

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Iosif Zeylikovich ,  Wubao Wang ,  Jamal Ali ,  Vincent Benischek ,  Yury Budansky

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Iosif Zeylikovich ,  Wubao Wang ,  Jamal Ali ,  Vincent Benischek ,  Yury Budansky

IPC: G01N21/88 ,  G01N21/89 ,  G01B5/28

CPC classification number: G01N21/88 ,  G01N21/8422 ,  G01N2021/889 ,  G01N2021/8918

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for non-destructively detecting material abnormalities beneath a coated surface, comprising a mid-infrared (MIR) detection unit for illuminating an area of the coated surface and detecting light reflected from the illuminated area of the coated surface, and a processing unit for producing an image from optical characteristics received from the MIR detection unit. In addition, the system may further comprise a scanning unit for moving the MIR detection unit to a next area.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供用于非破坏性地检测涂覆表面下方的材料异常的系统和方法，包括用于照射涂覆表面的区域并检测从涂覆表面的被照射区域反射的光的中红外（MIR）检测单元， 以及处理单元，用于从从MIR检测单元接收的光学特性产生图像。 另外，该系统还可以包括用于将MIR检测单元移动到下一个区域的扫描单元。

公开(公告)号：US06762839B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-13

申请号：US10201404

申请日：2002-07-22

Applicant: Iosif Zeylikovich ,  Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Iosif Zeylikovich ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC: G01B902

CPC classification number: A61B5/4872 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0068 ,  A61B5/0073 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02014 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/06 ,  G01B11/303 ,  G01N21/4795

Abstract: A system and method for performing selected optical measurements on a sample is provided utilizing an optical coherence domain reflectometer which includes a diffraction grating. A broad band light source produces light having a short coherence length. A beamsplitter splits the light into a signal beam and a reference beam. A reference mirror is disposed to receive the reference beam. A lens brings the signal beam to focus on the sample. A diffraction grating receives reflections from the sample and from the reference mirror, the reflections being incident on the diffraction grating with respect to said diffraction grating normal such that a positive diffraction order from one of the reflections and a negative diffraction order from the other one of the reflections and a negative diffraction order from the other one of the reflections propagate along a common path. A lens collects the diffracted order from the diffraction grating directed along the common path and brings the diffracted orders to focus on a detector, the detector producing an output of said positive and negative diffracted orders received. A computer processes the output from the detector. In other versions of the invention, reflections from the sample are not directed onto the diffraction grating but instead are combined with a diffracted order from reflections from the reference mirror.

Abstract translation: 使用包括衍射光栅的光学相干域反射计提供用于对样本进行选择的光学测量的系统和方法。 宽带光源产生具有短相干长度的光。 分束器将光分解成信号光束和参考光束。 配置参考镜以接收参考光束。 透镜使信号光束聚焦在样品上。 衍射光栅从样品和参考反射镜接收反射，反射相对于所述衍射光栅法线入射在衍射光栅上，使得来自反射之一的正衍射级和来自另一个的反射衍射级 来自另一个反射的反射和负衍射级沿着公共路径传播。 透镜从沿着公共路径引导的衍射光栅收集衍射顺序，并将衍射次序聚焦在检测器上，检测器产生接收到的所述正和负衍射级的输出。 计算机处理来自检测器的输出。 在本发明的其他形式中，来自样品的反射不指向衍射光栅，而是与来自参考反射镜的反射的衍射顺序组合。

公开(公告)号：US5828484A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-27

申请号：US51987

申请日：1993-04-26

Applicant: Ping-Pei Ho ,  Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Ping-Pei Ho ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC: G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/10

CPC classification number: G02F1/3515 ,  G02F1/3511 ,  G02F2203/26 ,  Y10S372/70

Abstract: A multiple-stage optical Kerr gate system for gating a probe pulse of light. In a first embodiment, the system includes at least two optical Kerr gates, each Kerr gate including a polarizer, an optical Kerr cell actuable by a pump pulse, and an analyzer. In a second embodiment, at least one of the Kerr cells may be eliminated by arranging the respective sets of polarizers and analyzers so that they share a common Kerr cell. Gated pulses obtained using the present system typically have a signal to noise ratio that is at least 500 times better than that for gated pulses obtained using a single optical Kerr gate system. The system of the present invention may also include means for causing the pump pulse to arrive at the second Kerr cell (in the case of the first embodiment) or at a single Kerr cell a second time (in the case of the second embodiment) non-synchronously with the arrival of the probe pulse thereat. In this manner, gated pulses may be obtained that are much shorter in duration than pulses gated with a single optical Kerr gate system.

Abstract translation: 用于门控光脉冲的多级光学克尔门系统。 在第一实施例中，该系统包括至少两个光学克尔门，每个克尔门包括偏振器，可由泵浦脉冲致动的光学克尔单元和分析器。 在第二实施例中，可以通过布置相应的偏振器和分析器组来消除克尔单元中的至少一个，使得它们共享公共克尔单元。 使用本系统获得的门控脉冲通常具有比使用单个光学克尔门系统获得的门控脉冲的信噪比更好的500倍的信噪比。 本发明的系统还可以包括用于使泵浦脉冲第二次（在第二实施例的情况下）到达第二克尔单元（在第一实施例的情况下）或单个克尔单元的装置 与探针脉冲的到来同步。 以这种方式，可以获得门控脉冲的持续时间短于用单个光学克尔门系统门控的脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US5799656A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-01

申请号：US733558

申请日：1996-10-21

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Leming Wang ,  Xiangchun Liang ,  Pierre A. Galland

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Leming Wang ,  Xiangchun Liang ,  Pierre A. Galland

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/0091 ,  A61B5/4312

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of one or more calcifications within a portion of a turbid medium, such as a breast tissue. According to one aspect, the method involves illuminating at least a portion of the turbid medium with light, whereby light emerges from the turbid medium consisting of a ballistic component, a snake-like component and a diffuse component, temporally and/or spatially gating the emergent light to preferentially pass the ballistic and/or snake-like components, using the temporally and/or spatially gated light to form an image of the illuminated portion of the turbid medium, and examining the image for the presence of one or more calcifications. Wavelength difference images may also be used to highlight tumors and calcification regions. The foregoing method may be used to form optical images of breast tissues, with the presence in such images of calcifications suggestive of cancer being used to identify the corresponding breast tissues as good candidates for biopsy and screening for tumors.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检测在混浊介质（例如乳房组织）的一部分内存在一种或多种钙化的方法。 根据一个方面，该方法包括用光照射混浊介质的至少一部分，由此光从由弹道组件，蛇形部件和扩散部件组成的混浊介质中暂时和/或空间门控 使用时间和/或空间门控的光来优先地通过弹道和/或蛇状部件以形成混浊介质的被照射部分的图像，并检查图像中是否存在一种或多种钙化。 波长差图像也可用于突出肿瘤和钙化区域。 上述方法可以用于形成乳腺组织的光学图像，存在这样的钙化图像，暗示癌症用于鉴定相应的乳腺组织作为肿瘤活检和筛选的良好候选物。

公开(公告)号：US5278403A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-11

申请号：US693242

申请日：1991-04-29

Applicant: Robert R. Alfano ,  Yoshihiro Takiguchi ,  Katsuyuki Kinoshita

Inventor： Robert R. Alfano ,  Yoshihiro Takiguchi ,  Katsuyuki Kinoshita

IPC: H01J31/50 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01J31/502

Abstract: A streak camera having improved time resolving capacity in the femtosecond regime. The streak camera uses magnetic and/or electric fields in such a way as to minimize the adverse effects of angular distribution and energy distribution of photoelectrons simultaneously emitted from a photocathode in response to the impinging of light thereon. In one embodiment, the streak camera comprises a streak camera tube including a housing, the housing having disposed therein a photocathode, an aperture sized to selectively permit the passage therethrough of substantially on-axis photoelectrons, an accelerating mesh, a pair of focusing electrodes or a cylindrical focusing electrode for focusing the photoelectrons into a beam, a pair of isolation plates or an isolation cylindrical, means for creating an electric field and/or a magnetic field, whereby the beam of photoelectrons passing therethrough is caused to be dispersed into a plurality of trajectories in accordance with the distribution of velocities of the photoelectrons, an aperture sized to selectively permit the passage therethrough of photoelectrons traveling along a narrow band of trajectories, i.e. photoelectrons within a narrow velocity range, a pair of sweep electrodes, a microchannel plate, and a phosphor screen. The streak camera also includes an input slit disposed in front of the photocathode and optics for imaging the input slit on the photocathode. To minimize dispersion of the optical pulse as it is focused onto the photocathode, the optics preferably include a mirror arrangement instead of a lens system.

Abstract translation: 一种具有改善飞秒状态下时间分辨能力的条纹相机。 条纹相机以这样的方式使用磁场和/或电场，以便最小化响应于其上的光的入射而同时从光电阴极发射的光电子的角分布和能量分布的不利影响。 在一个实施例中，条纹照相机包括条纹相机管，其包括壳体，壳体中设置有光电阴极，孔径的尺寸被设计成选择性地允许基本上轴向光电子的通过，加速网，一对聚焦电极或 用于将光电子聚焦到光束中的圆柱形聚焦电极，一对隔离板或隔离圆柱形，用于产生电场和/或磁场的装置，由此使通过其的光电子束被分散成多个 根据光电子的速度分布的轨迹的孔径，孔径选择性地允许沿着窄带轨迹（即，在窄速度范围内的光电子）行进的光电子的通过，一对扫掠电极，微通道板， 和荧光屏。 条纹相机还包括设置在光电阴极前面的输入狭缝和用于对光电阴极上的输入狭缝成像的光学器件。 为了使光脉冲在聚焦到光电阴极上的色散最小化，光学元件优选地包括镜子装置而不是透镜系统。

公开(公告)号：US5136530A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-04

申请号：US559122

申请日：1990-07-26

Applicant: Yao Li ,  Roger Dorsinville ,  Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Yao Li ,  Roger Dorsinville ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC: G06E1/04

CPC classification number: G06E1/04

Abstract: An ultrafast digital optical signal processor includes a body of a third order nonlinear material and three input beams, two beams counterproprogating in the material on-axis and the third beam propagating off-axis, all simultaneously, to generate an output beam that counterpropogates with respect to the off-axis input beams. A set of three voltage controlled spatial light modulators are used for encoding the three input beams in accordance with a three-set Venn diagram based encoding scheme. The output beam is split into two parts which are decoded separately using a mask for one beam part and a spatial light modulator for the other beam part.

Abstract translation: 超快速数字光信号处理器包括三阶非线性材料的主体和三个输入光束，在轴上的材料中相互排斥的两个光束和离轴传播的第三光束，同时全部产生相对于相反的输出光束 到离轴输入光束。 根据三组基于维恩图的编码方案，一组三个压控空间光调制器用于对三个输入光束进行编码。 输出光束被分成两部分，分别使用一个光束部分的掩模和另一个光束部分的空间光调制器进行解码。