Abstract:
The invention provides for an energy storage system that has a first plurality of battery cells that each are capable of a first C-rate. The plurality of battery cells can be charged at an equivalent rate on a kWh/minute basis as a second plurality of battery cells that each are capable of second C-rate, with the second C-rate being higher than the first C-rate. The first plurality of battery cells may have an energy storage capacity which is approximately twice the energy storage capacity for the second plurality of cells.
Abstract:
A belt for a continuously variable transmission (CVT) includes at least one continuous band supported against a contact face in a slot formed in each of a plurality of transverse elements of the CVT. The band has a surface positioned against the contact face. This surface is coated with chromium nitride by physical vapor deposition to reduce wear.
Abstract:
The remaining useful life of a transmission fluid in a vehicle is continually estimated by a transmission control computer module during vehicle operation using both an oxidation model and a shift energy model. The oxidation model uses experimentally determined remaining useful fluid life values obtained at temperatures experienced by the fluid in transmission usage and subtracts incremental values from said life based on the temperature-time experience of volume fractions of the fluid in the sump and torque converter. The shift energy model starts with an estimated maximum number of shifts and continually obtains a current remaining useful life by deducting for actual shifts and estimated shift energy inputs based on fluid temperature. Notice of end of fluid useful life is given when one of the models first determines no remaining useful fluid life.
Abstract:
The invention relates to systems and methods for charging a vehicle. A vehicle and charging station can be designed such that an electric or hybrid vehicle can operate in a fashion similar to a conventional vehicle by being opportunity charged throughout a known route.
Abstract:
Antifoam compositions for functional fluids contain antifoam agents comprising perfluoropolyether compounds (PFPE). An automatic transmission fluid is provided containing the antifoam composition in a lubricating base oil, along with conventional additives such as antiwear agents. Automobile transmissions are provided that contain an automatic transmission fluid containing the new antifoam compositions. In a further embodiment, methods are provided for reducing foam in an engine oil or unwanted noise in an automobile transmission during operation, comprising lubricating the engine or transmission with a lubricating fluid containing the antifoam compositions of the invention.
Abstract:
A rubber composition contains an antifoam compound that leaches out of the rubber composition when placed in contact with a functional fluid. The antifoam compound is delivered into a functional fluid such as an automatic transmission fluid or an engine oil by contacting the functional fluid with the rubber composition. In addition to the antifoam compound, the rubber composition contains one or more elastomers, which may be selected from a wide variety of natural or synthetic rubbers. In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer comprises a high temperature elastomer such as acrylic elastomer and ethylene acrylic elastomer.
Abstract:
The remaining useful life of a transmission fluid in a vehicle is continually estimated by a transmission control computer module during vehicle operation using both an oxidation model and a shift energy model. The oxidation model uses experimentally determined remaining useful fluid life values obtained at temperatures experienced by the fluid in transmission usage and subtracts incremental values from said life based on the temperature-time experience of volume fractions of the fluid in the sump and torque converter. The shift energy model starts with an estimated maximum number of shifts and continually obtains a current remaining useful life by deducting for actual shifts and estimated shift energy inputs based on fluid temperature. Notice of end of fluid useful life is given when one of the models first determines no remaining useful fluid life.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the use of a high level of a silicon-containing antifoam agent in automatic transmission fluid (“ATF”) applications. More specifically, the invention relates to a formulation and method for the reduction or elimination of pump whine that occurs in high-pressure pumps used to circulate transmissions fluids in vehicles. The invention also relates to fully formulated ATFs, to transmissions lubricated with such ATFs, and to vehicles containing transmissions lubricated with such ATFs.