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    Electrochromic cell with protective overcoat layer
    11.
    发明授权
    Electrochromic cell with protective overcoat layer 失效
    具有保护性过氧化物层的电致细胞

    公开(公告)号：US4120568A

    公开(公告)日：1978-10-17

    申请号：US758734

    申请日：1977-01-12

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar Deb ,  Horst Witzke

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar Deb ,  Horst Witzke

    IPC: G02F1/153 ,  G02F1/00

    CPC classification number: G02F1/1533 ,  G02F2001/1536

    Abstract: An electrochromic device having an electrochromic layer and an electrolyte sandwiched between electrodes. A charge compensator ion permeable layer is interposed between the electrochromic layer and the electrolyte. The latter-mentioned interposing layer serves as a protective overcoat for the electrochromic layer and minimizes the structural decay of the cell which might otherwise occur. SUFIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to electrochromic devices and, more particularly, to such a device having a protective overcoat layer interposed between an electrochromic layer and an electrolyte.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ARTThe prior art has recognized the usefulness of electrochromic devices wherein the electromagnetic absorption characteristics may be reversibly altered by a controlled electric field. The device is particularly useful as a display device or in light valve-type applications.U.S. Pat. No. 3,708,220 issued to Meyers describes a device which consists of an electrochromic material in contact with a semisolid electrolyte gel sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. U.S. Pat. No. 28,188, issued to Deb et al, discloses a completely solid state electrochromic device which utilizes a current carrier permeable layer positioned between an electrochromic layer and a conductive layer. The reissue patent states that the structure set forth therein is an improvement over basic electrochromic cells that had previously included only an electrochromic layer sandwiched between two conductive layers. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,840,287, issued to Witzke et al, there is an electrochromic device which is described as including two electrochromic layers in different states and an electrolyte layer which is not limited to semisolid gels. In the Meyers and Witzke patents, the structure included an electrolyte or color assisting agent, respectively, which is described as being in direct contact with an electrochromic layer. This contact was thought necessary to insure ionic charge transport from the electrolyte to the electrochromic layer. However, these prior art structures have been found to lack a certain desirable cycling capability of lifetime due to an observable decay in the cell due to a deterioration of the electrochromic layer -- electrolyte interface, which is due to the contact therebetween.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a novel structure for extending the life of an electrochromic device, having an electrolyte or color assisting agent, by interposing a protective overcoat layer between the electrolyte or color assisting agent and the electrochromic layer. More particularly, the electrochromic device comprises a pair of electrodes, there being between the electrodes at least one layer of electrochromic material, an electrolyte layer, and a protective overcoat layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrolyte layer. The protective overcoat layer is a substantially insulating dielectric layer. Normally, one would expect that the placement of a substantially insulating dielectric layer separating the electrochromic layer and the electrolyte would inhibit the necessary current flow of the device and be detrimental to the normal operation of the device. Contrary to this, an unexpected synergistic result is obtained. It has been discovered that the insertion of certain substantially insulating materials in the form of thin films not only does not adversely affect the operation of the device, but rather substantially increases the life of the device by inhibiting attack and degradation of the electrochromic layer.

    FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING PROJECTS IN AN ORGANIZATION
    12.
    发明申请
    FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING PROJECTS IN AN ORGANIZATION 审中-公开
    管理组织项目的框架

    公开(公告)号：US20130036060A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-02-07

    申请号：US13327578

    申请日：2011-12-15

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Aman Kumar Singhal ,  Sarita Bhandari

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Aman Kumar Singhal ,  Sarita Bhandari

    IPC: G06Q10/06

    CPC classification number: G06Q10/06

    Abstract: The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a framework for managing lifecycle of a project in an organization. The framework comprises a project management module configured to provide plurality of guidelines to execute a project in a global context, a behavior module configured to provide a plurality of skill sets required for the effective execution of the project, a focus module configured to generate efficient outcomes in the project performance and a support module configured to provide integrated project management. The framework provides multiple levels of project management certifications to address the competency needs as per various roles requirement in an organization. The disclosure also provides a method of implementing project management certifications which are mapped as per various roles requirements in an organization.

    Abstract translation: 本公开的实施例提供了一种用于管理组织中的项目的生命周期的框架。 所述框架包括项目管理模块，所述项目管理模块被配置为提供多个指导以在全球上下文中执行项目;行为模块，被配置为提供所述项目有效执行所需的多个技能集;焦点模块，被配置为产生有效结果 在项目绩效和支持模块配置中提供综合项目管理。 该框架提供多个级别的项目管理认证，以满足组织中各种角色要求的能力需求。 本公开还提供了一种实施项目管理认证的方法，根据组织中的各种角色要求进行映射。

    Clear and colorless three-dimensional articles made via stereolithography and method of making said articles
    15.
    发明申请
    Clear and colorless three-dimensional articles made via stereolithography and method of making said articles 审中-公开
    通过立体光刻制造的透明无色三维制品和制造所述制品的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090004579A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-01-01

    申请号：US11819508

    申请日：2007-06-27

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar Sarmah ,  Kevin Andrew Zaras

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar Sarmah ,  Kevin Andrew Zaras

    IPC: G03C1/04 ,  G03C5/00

    CPC classification number: G03F7/0037 ,  G03F7/027 ,  G03F7/038

    Abstract: The invention is a radiation curable liquid resin that can be used to make a clear and colorless, three-dimensional article by a stereolithography process. The clear and colorless three-dimensional articles have a clarity and transmittance of greater than about 67% as measured by UV-Visible spectrophotometer in the 400-500 nm range; and a lack of color as measured by a b* value of between about minus 0.5 (−0.5) and about positive 2.5 (+2.5) in the CIELAB color space using a spectrophotometer in the visible wavelengths of 400-750 nm.

    Abstract translation: 本发明是可用于通过立体光刻工艺制备透明和无色的三维制品的可辐射固化液体树脂。 透明无色三维制品的透明度和透射率可以通过紫外 - 可见分光光度计在400-500nm范围内测得的大于约67％ 并且使用分光光度计在400-750nm的可见波长中，在CIELAB色彩空间中由b *值在约-0.5（-0.5）和约2.5（+2.5）之间测量的颜色不足。

    Plasma-assisted nitrogen surface-treatment
    16.
    发明授权
    Plasma-assisted nitrogen surface-treatment 失效
    等离子辅助氮表面处理

    公开(公告)号：US07465362B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-12-16

    申请号：US10513607

    申请日：2003-05-07

    Applicant: Devendra Kumar ,  Satyendra Kumar

    Inventor： Devendra Kumar ,  Satyendra Kumar

    IPC: C23C8/36

    CPC classification number: B82Y30/00 ,  C23C8/02 ,  C23C8/36

    Abstract: Methods and systems (10) for plasma-assisted nitrogen surface-treatments are provided. The method can include subjecting a gas (24) to electromagnetic radiation (26) in the presence of a plasma catalyst (100, 120, 140) to initiate a plasma containing nitrogen. The surface region of an object can be exposed to the plasma for a period of time sufficient to transfer at least some of the nitrogen from the plasma to the object through the surface region.

    Abstract translation: 提供了等离子体辅助氮表面处理的方法和系统（10）。 该方法可以包括在等离子体催化剂（100,120,140）的存在下使气体（24）进行电磁辐射（26）以引发含有氮的等离子体。 物体的表面区域可以暴露于等离子体足以将至少一些氮从等离子体传递到物体的时间段通过表面区域。

    Polymer enhanced liquid crystal devices built with rigid or flexible substrates
    18.
    发明授权
    Polymer enhanced liquid crystal devices built with rigid or flexible substrates 失效
    聚合物增强液晶装置用刚性或柔性基底构成

    公开(公告)号：US07355668B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-04-08

    申请号：US10443276

    申请日：2003-05-22

    Applicant: Satyendra Kumar ,  Qingbing Wang

    Inventor： Satyendra Kumar ,  Qingbing Wang

    IPC: G02F1/1339

    CPC classification number: G02F1/13392 ,  G02F1/133305 ,  G02F2202/023

    Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises of a pair of opposed substrates defining a cell gap. Each substrate has an electrode disposed on a surface facing the other substrate. A plurality of spacers are randomly disposed in the cell gap and extend from one substrate to the other substrate, wherein a polymerization enhancing or initiating compound is not disposed on the surface of the spacers. Polymer columns are randomly disposed between the opposed substrates, extending from one substrate to the other, at least a portion of which are disposed around and immobilize the spacers in the cell gap. A liquid crystal material is disposed in the cell gap. A method for making a liquid crystal device is also provided. The internal columnar structures provide stability against mechanical pressure enabling the fabrication of durable, flexible LC display devices using plastic substrates for applications in portable and handheld devices.

    Abstract translation: 液晶装置包括限定单元间隙的一对相对的基板。 每个基板具有设置在面向另一基板的表面上的电极。 多个间隔物随机地设置在电池间隙中并从一个衬底延伸到另一个衬底，其中聚合增强或起始化合物未设置在间隔物的表面上。 聚合物柱随机地设置在相对的基板之间，从一个基板延伸到另一个基板，其中至少一部分设置在隔板周围并将其固定在电池间隙中。 液晶材料设置在电池间隙中。 还提供了一种制造液晶装置的方法。 内部柱状结构提供了抗机械压力的稳定性，使得能够使用塑料基板制造耐用的柔性LC显示装置，用于便携式和手持装置中的应用。

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