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    Ductile binder phase for use with A1MgB14 and other hard materials
    12.
    发明授权
    Ductile binder phase for use with A1MgB14 and other hard materials 有权
    用于A1MgB14和其他硬质材料的延性粘结剂相

    公开(公告)号：US06921422B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-07-26

    申请号：US10669183

    申请日：2003-09-23

    申请人： Bruce A. Cook ,  Alan Russell ,  Joel Harringa

    发明人： Bruce A. Cook ,  Alan Russell ,  Joel Harringa

    IPC分类号： C22C29/14 ,  C22C29/00 ,  C09K3/14

    CPC分类号： C22C29/14

    摘要： This invention relates to a ductile binder phase for use with AlMgB14 and other hard materials. The ductile binder phase, a cobalt-manganese alloy, is used in appropriate quantities to tailor good hardness and reasonable fracture toughness for hard materials so they can be used suitably in industrial machining and grinding applications.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及与AlMgB 14和其它硬质材料一起使用的延性粘合剂相。 使用延性粘合剂相，钴锰合金，以适当的量来定制硬质材料的良好的硬度和合理的断裂韧性，因此它们可以适用于工业加工和研磨应用。

    Protein-polymer conjugates and synthesis thereof
    13.
    发明申请
    Protein-polymer conjugates and synthesis thereof 审中-公开
    蛋白质 - 聚合物共轭物及其合成

    公开(公告)号：US20070123646A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-31

    申请号：US11520182

    申请日：2006-09-13

    申请人： Bhalchandra Lele ,  Alan Russell

    发明人： Bhalchandra Lele ,  Alan Russell

    IPC分类号： A61K47/48

    CPC分类号： A61K47/58 ,  A61K47/60

    摘要： A method of synthesizing a protein-polymer conjugate includes the steps: covalently attaching at least one controlled radical polymerization initiator to a protein to form a protein-initiator composition; and mixing the protein-initiator composition with at least one monomer which undergoes controlled radical polymerization in the presence of the protein-initiator composition under conditions suitable to initiate the controlled radical polymerization.

    摘要翻译： 合成蛋白质 - 聚合物缀合物的方法包括以下步骤：将至少一个受控自由基聚合引发剂共价连接到蛋白质上以形成蛋白质 - 引发剂组合物; 并将蛋白质 - 引发剂组合物与至少一种在蛋白质 - 引发剂组合物存在下进行受控自由基聚合的单体在适于引发受控自由基聚合的条件下混合。

    Biocidal surfaces, articles with biocidal surface agents and methods of synthesizing and evaluating biocidal surface agents
    14.
    发明申请
    Biocidal surfaces, articles with biocidal surface agents and methods of synthesizing and evaluating biocidal surface agents 审中-公开
    杀生物表面，具有杀生物表面活性剂的制品和合成和评估杀生物剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20070122441A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-31

    申请号：US11601949

    申请日：2006-11-20

    申请人： Hironobu Murata ,  Richard Koespel ,  Sang Lee ,  Alan Russell

    发明人： Hironobu Murata ,  Richard Koespel ,  Sang Lee ,  Alan Russell

    IPC分类号： A01N57/00 ,  A01N25/00

    CPC分类号： A01N25/34 ,  A01N33/12 ,  A01N37/36 ,  A01N43/40 ,  A01N55/00

    摘要： A biocidal article, includes a surface including a plurality of polymers covalently attached to the surface. The polymers include biocidal cationic groups. The polymers have a molecular weight distribution or polydispersity less than 3. A grafting density of the polymers on the surface is controlled, average degree of polymerization of the polymers is controlled and repeat units of the polymers are chosen to provide a predetermined charge density arising from the cationic groups. A method of analyzing biocidal activity of biocidal surface agents includes the steps: attaching a plurality of chemical entities to one or more surfaces so that at least one physiochemical property is varied, each of the chemical entities comprising at least one biocidally active component; and exposing the chemical entities to at least one biological agent to determine the effect of the at least one physiochemical property upon biocidal activity. The biocidal activity can, for example, be antibacterial activity or sporicidal activity. The at least one physiochemical property can, for example, be varied in a preferably systematic manner.

    摘要翻译： 杀生物制品包括包含共价连接在表面上的多个聚合物的表面。 聚合物包括杀生物阳离子基团。 聚合物具有小于3的分子量分布或多分散性。控制聚合物在表面上的接枝密度，控制聚合物的平均聚合度，并且选择聚合物的重复单元以提供由 阳离子基团。 分析杀生物表面活性剂的杀生物活性的方法包括以下步骤：将多个化学实体连接到一个或多个表面，使得至少一个理化特性变化，每个化学实体包含至少一种生物活性成分; 以及将所述化学实体暴露于至少一种生物试剂以确定所述至少一种理化化学性质对杀生物活性的影响。 杀生物活性可以例如是抗菌活性或杀孢子活性。 至少一种理化特性可以例如以优选系统的方式变化。

    Covalent modification of surfaces with polymers to increase biocompatibility
    16.
    发明授权
    Covalent modification of surfaces with polymers to increase biocompatibility 失效
    用聚合物共价修饰表面以增加生物相容性

    公开(公告)号：US5977252A

    公开(公告)日：1999-11-02

    申请号：US612270

    申请日：1996-03-07

    申请人： William R. Wagner ,  Christopher R. Deible ,  Eric J. Beckman ,  Alan Russell

    发明人： William R. Wagner ,  Christopher R. Deible ,  Eric J. Beckman ,  Alan Russell

    IPC分类号： A61L33/00 ,  C08G63/48 ,  A01N1/00 ,  C08G63/91

    CPC分类号： A61L33/0088

    摘要： Described herein is a technique for covalently modifying tissue and cellular surfaces to inhibit cell adhesion. The process described herein is conducted under conditions tolerable in vivo and employs a biocompatible polymer having a reactive group attached to at least one end that reacts with groups present or on tissue and cellular surfaces under aqueous and mild conditions and thereby covalently attaches the polymer to the tissue or cellular surface. Preferably, the reactive group attached to the polymer reacts with amines and hydroxyls present on tissue and cellular surfaces. In one preferred embodiment, the methods described herein provide for the covalent modification of tissue and cellular surfaces using a PEG-diisocyanate solution. The methods described herein are particularly useful in impairing platelet and leukocyte deposition in blood vessels and thereby thwarting thrombosis and restenosis, a common complication of vascular procedures including PTCA and vascular surgery. Furthermore, by masking the tissue surface proteins from blood elements, the methods described herein are useful in decreasing graft thrombogenicity and reducing the complications of vascular surgery. Finally the methods described herein reduce the immunogenicity of transplanted tissues and cells and thereby reduce the need for immunosuppressive therapy.

    摘要翻译： 本文描述了共价修饰组织和细胞表面以抑制细胞粘附的技术。 本文描述的方法在体内可耐受的条件下进行，并且使用生物相容性聚合物，其具有连接至至少一个末端的反应性基团，所述反应性基团在水溶液和温和条件下与存在的或与组织和细胞表面上的基团反应，从而将聚合物共价连接到 组织或细胞表面。 优选地，连接到聚合物的反应性基团与存在于组织和细胞表面上的胺和羟基反应。 在一个优选的实施方案中，本文所述的方法使用PEG-二异氰酸酯溶液提供组织和细胞表面的共价修饰。 本文描述的方法特别可用于损害血管中的血小板和白细胞沉积，从而阻止血栓形成和再狭窄，包括PTCA和血管手术的血管手术的常见并发症。 此外，通过从血液元件掩蔽组织表面蛋白质，本文所述的方法可用于降低移植物血栓形成和减少血管手术的并发症。 最后，本文所述的方法降低了移植组织和细胞的免疫原性，从而减少了免疫抑制治疗的需要。

    Stable three enzyme creatinine biosensor
    17.
    发明申请
    Stable three enzyme creatinine biosensor 审中-公开
    稳定的三种酶肌酐生物传感器

    公开(公告)号：US20090045056A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-02-19

    申请号：US11664859

    申请日：2005-10-05

    申请人： Jason Berberich ,  Mark W. Boden ,  Andy D. C. Chan ,  Alan Russell

    发明人： Jason Berberich ,  Mark W. Boden ,  Andy D. C. Chan ,  Alan Russell

    IPC分类号： G01N27/26 ,  C12N9/00

    CPC分类号： C12Q1/005

    摘要： The invention provides methods for preparing a stable, multiple-use three enzyme biosensor for the amperometric determination of creatinine in biological liquids that has a useful lifetime that extends significantly beyond that of presently available amperometric biosensors. The biosensor prepared by the methods of the invention encompasses a plurality of immobilized enzymes that are applied to the biosensor as an enzyme-polymer composition. The enzymes, which can include creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase and sarcosine oxidase, are immobilized into the enzyme-polymer composition simultaneously as well as applied to the biosensor simultaneously. Prior to being immobilized, the enzymes can be chemically modified by attaching one or more polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains per enzyme monomer. The polymer component can be provided by a polyurethane membrane. The invention also provides a method of preparing a biosensor that limits the diffusion of silver ions emanating the reference electrode, thereby preventing, contact between the silver ions and the enzymes. Related methods of preparing an enzyme-polymer composition for incorporation into a multiple use three enzyme biosensor for the amperometric determination of creatinine in biological liquids also are provided. The invention also provides multiple-use biosensors and enzyme-polymer compositions prepared by the methods disclosed.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了制备稳定的多用途三酶生物传感器的方法，所述三维酶生物传感器用于生物液体中肌酸酐的电流分析测定，所述生物液体的使用寿命显着超过目前可用的电流计生物传感器。 通过本发明的方法制备的生物传感器包括作为酶 - 聚合物组合物应用于生物传感器的多种固定化酶。 可以将肌酸酐酰氨基水解酶，肌酸脒基水解酶和肌氨酸氧化酶的酶同时固定在酶 - 聚合物组合物中，同时应用于生物传感器。 在固定化之前，可以通过每个酶单体连接一个或多个聚乙二醇（PEG）链来化学修饰酶。 聚合物组分可以由聚氨酯膜提供。 本发明还提供一种制备生物传感器的方法，其限制了散发参考电极的银离子的扩散，从而防止银离子与酶之间的接触。 还提供了制备用于并入多用途三酶生物传感器中的酶 - 聚合物组合物的相关方法，用于生物液体中肌酸酐的电流分析测定。 本发明还提供了通过所公开方法制备的多用途生物传感器和酶 - 聚合物组合物。

    Antimicrobial surfaces and methods for preparing antimicrobial surfaces
    18.
    发明申请
    Antimicrobial surfaces and methods for preparing antimicrobial surfaces 审中-公开
    抗微生物表面和制备抗菌表面的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080286319A9

    公开(公告)日：2008-11-20

    申请号：US10887029

    申请日：2004-07-07

    申请人： Alan Russell ,  Richard Koepsel ,  Sang Lee ,  Krzysztof Matyjaszewski

    发明人： Alan Russell ,  Richard Koepsel ,  Sang Lee ,  Krzysztof Matyjaszewski

    IPC分类号： A01N25/34

    CPC分类号： A01N33/12 ,  A01N57/34 ,  A61L2/232

    摘要： The present invention relates to biocidal articles. In an embodiment the biocidal article comprises a plurality of polymers having biocidally active groups. The polymers are attached to a surface and may have a polydispersity less than 3. The biocidally active groups may comprise at least one of a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary phosphonium salt or a chloroamine. The attached polymers may be any microstructure, topology or composition, such as, a homopolymer, block copolymer, multiblock copolymer, a random copolymer, graft polymer, a branched or a hyperbranched polymer, and a gradient copolymer. The present invention also comprises a process for the preparation of a biocidal article. Embodiments of the process comprise polymerizing radically polymerizable monomers from an initiator attached to a surface, wherein at least a portion of the monomers comprise a group capable of being converted to a biocidally active group, and converting the group to the biocidally active group.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及杀生物制品。 在一个实施方案中，杀生物制品包含多个具有生物活性基团的聚合物。 聚合物连接到表面并且可以具有小于3的多分散性。生物活性基团可以包含季铵盐，季鏻盐或氯胺中的至少一种。 连接的聚合物可以是任何微结构，拓扑结构或组合物，例如均聚物，嵌段共聚物，多嵌段共聚物，无规共聚物，接枝聚合物，支链或超支化聚合物和梯度共聚物。 本发明还包括制备杀生物制品的方法。 该方法的实施方案包括将可自由基聚合的单体从附着于表面的引发剂聚合，其中至少一部分单体包含能够转化为生物活性基团的基团，并将该基团转化为生物活性基团。

    Irreversible immobilization of enzymes into polyurethane coatings
    19.
    发明申请
    Irreversible immobilization of enzymes into polyurethane coatings 失效
    不可逆地将酶固定在聚氨酯涂料中

    公开(公告)号：US20080108745A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-08

    申请号：US12002841

    申请日：2007-12-19

    申请人： Alan Russell ,  Geraldine Drevon ,  Douglas Wicks ,  Karsten Danielmeier

    发明人： Alan Russell ,  Geraldine Drevon ,  Douglas Wicks ,  Karsten Danielmeier

    IPC分类号： C08G18/00

    CPC分类号： C12N11/08 ,  C08G18/0866 ,  C08G18/3278 ,  C08G18/42 ,  C08G18/6446 ,  C08G18/706 ,  C08G18/798 ,  C09D175/04 ,  C12N11/04

    摘要： A method of irreversibly immobilizing an enzyme in a polyurethane and an enzyme-containing polyurethane having a degree of immobilization of the enzyme of approximately 100%. The synthesis of waterborne polyurethanes in the presence of enzyme has enabled the irreversible attachment of the enzyme to the polymeric matrix. The distribution of immobilized enzyme as well as activity retention are homogeneous within the polyurethane. Decreasing ECC hydrophobicity, via the use of a less hydrophobic polyisocyanate prepolymer during polymerization, significantly enhanced the intrinsic activity of the ECC.

    摘要翻译： 一种不可逆地将酶固定在聚氨酯中的方法和具有约100％酶固定度的含酶聚氨酯。 在存在酶的情况下水性聚氨酯的合成使得酶不可逆连接到聚合物基质上。 固定化酶的分布以及活性保留在聚氨酯中是均匀的。 通过在聚合过程中通过使用较少疏水性的多异氰酸酯预聚物来降低ECC疏水性，显着提高了ECC的内在活性。