公开(公告)号：US20100069589A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-18

申请号：US12623845

申请日：2009-11-23

Applicant: David Bradin

Inventor： David Bradin

IPC: C08F110/06 ,  C07C6/04 ,  C08F210/06 ,  C08F4/72

CPC classification number: C07C11/06 ,  C07C6/04 ,  C08F110/06 ,  C08F210/16 ,  C08F210/08

Abstract: Processes for forming low molecular weight (C2-4) olefins from renewable resources, and polyolefins formed from the olefins, are disclosed. The C2-4 olefins are produced by first converting a renewable resource, capable of being converted to syngas, to syngas. The syngas is converted, using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using a catalyst with low chain growth probabilities, to a composition comprising C2-4 olefins, which are then isolated to form a C2-4 olefin-rich stream. Propylene can be isolated from this stream, and the ethylene and butylene can be subjected to olefin metathesis to produce additional propylene. The propylene, or other olefins, can be subjected to a variety of polymerization conditions and used in a variety of products, to replace the propylene, and polypropylene, produced from crude oil. Thus, the olefins, and polymers, copolymer and terpolymers thereof, can help reduce U.S. dependence on foreign crude oil.

Abstract translation: 公开了从可再生资源形成低分子量（C2-4）烯烃和由烯烃形成的聚烯烃的方法。 C2-4烯烃通过首先将能够转化为合成气的可再生资源转化为合成气来生产。 使用具有低链增长概率的催化剂将合成气转化为包含C2-4烯烃的组合物，然后将其分离以形成富C2-4烯烃流。 丙烯可以从该流中分离出来，并且乙烯和丁烯可以进行烯烃复分解以产生额外的丙烯。 丙烯或其它烯烃可以经受各种聚合条件并用于各种产品中，以代替由原油生产的丙烯和聚丙烯。 因此，烯烃及其聚合物，共聚物和三元共聚物可有助于减少美国对外来原油的依赖。

公开(公告)号：US20090013591A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-15

申请号：US12152845

申请日：2008-05-16

Applicant: David Bradin ,  Guerry L. Grune ,  Marty Trivette

Inventor： David Bradin ,  Guerry L. Grune ,  Marty Trivette

IPC: C10L1/18

CPC classification number: C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/023 ,  C10L1/026 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L2200/0423 ,  C10L2200/043 ,  C10L2200/0446 ,  C10L2200/0492 ,  C10L2230/22 ,  C10L2270/023 ,  C10L2270/026 ,  C10L2270/04 ,  Y02E50/13

Abstract: Alternative gasoline, diesel fuel, marine diesel fuel, jet fuel, and flexible fuel compositions are disclosed. The compositions include an alcohol and/or a glycerol ether or mixture of glycerol ethers, which can be derived from renewable resources. When combined with gasoline/ethanol blends, the glycerol ethers can reduce the vapor pressure of the ethanol and increasing the fuel economy. When added to diesel fuel/alcohol blends, glycerol ethers improve the cetane value of the blends. All or part of the diesel fuel in the compositions described herein can be biodiesel fuel and/or synthetic fuel derived from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can also use feedstocks derived from sources other than crude oil, such as methane, methanol, ethanol, lignin and glycerol, which can further reduce reliance on foreign sources of crude oil. When used in jet fuel, glycerol ethers can replace all or part of conventional deicing additives, thus lowering skin toxicity, and glycerol ethers ability to reduce particulate emissions can lower the appearance of contrails. When used in marine diesel, the reduction in particulate emissions can be environmentally significant. In another embodiment, the alternative compositions comprise gasoline, ethanol, and n-butanol, and in one aspect, the ethanol and/or n-butanol can be derived from renewable resources. Fuel additive compositions, including glycerol ethers and hydrocarbons and/or alcohols, are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 公开了替代汽油，柴油燃料，船用柴油燃料，喷气燃料和柔性燃料组合物。 组合物包括醇和/或甘油醚或甘油醚的混合物，其可以源自可再生资源。 当与汽油/乙醇共混物混合时，甘油醚可以降低乙醇的蒸气压并提高燃料经济性。 当添加到柴油燃料/醇混合物中时，甘油醚改善了共混物的十六烷值。 本文所述组合物中的全部或部分柴油燃料可以是衍生自费 - 托合成方法的生物柴油燃料和/或合成燃料。 费 - 托合成还可以使用衍生自原油以外的原料的原料，例如甲烷，甲醇，乙醇，木质素和甘油，这可以进一步减少对外来原油来源的依赖。 当用于喷气燃料时，甘油醚可以代替全部或部分常规的除冰添加剂，从而降低皮肤毒性，甘油醚减少颗粒物排放的能力可以降低转化效果。 当用于海洋柴油时，颗粒物排放的减少可能是环境重要的。 在另一个实施方案中，替代组合物包含汽油，乙醇和正丁醇，并且在一个方面，乙醇和/或正丁醇可以来源于可再生资源。 还公开了包括甘油醚和烃和/或醇的燃料添加剂组合物。

公开(公告)号：US09944868B2

公开(公告)日：2018-04-17

申请号：US14412106

申请日：2013-07-03

Applicant: David Bradin

Inventor： David Bradin

IPC: C07C1/00 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10L1/04 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10G50/00 ,  C10G69/12 ,  C10G3/00 ,  C10G45/02 ,  C10G45/58 ,  C07C1/20 ,  C07C29/136 ,  C07C41/09 ,  C10G57/02

CPC classification number: C10L1/04 ,  C07C1/20 ,  C07C29/136 ,  C07C41/09 ,  C07C2529/44 ,  C07C2529/85 ,  C10G3/42 ,  C10G3/49 ,  C10G45/02 ,  C10G45/58 ,  C10G50/00 ,  C10G57/02 ,  C10G69/126 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10G2400/08 ,  C10G2400/20 ,  C10G2400/30 ,  C10L2200/0492 ,  C10L2270/04 ,  C10L2290/04 ,  C10L2290/24

Abstract: Processes for producing jet fuel are disclosed. In one embodiment, syngas is converted to methanol, and a first portion of the methanol is converted to olefins using a methanol-to-olefins catalyst. The olefins are then oligomerized under conditions that provide olefins in the jet fuel range. The olefins can then optionally be isomerized and/or hydrotreated. A second portion of the methanol is converted to dimethyl ether, which is then reacted over a catalyst to form jet fuel-range hydrocarbons and aromatics. All or part of the two separate product streams can be combined, to provide jet fuel components which include isoparaffins and aromatics in the jet fuel range. The syngas is preferably derived from biomass or another renewable carbon-containing feedstock, thereby providing a biorefining process for the production of renewable jet fuel. In another embodiment, the process starts with methanol, rather than producing the methanol from syngas.

公开(公告)号：US08916661B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-23

申请号：US12623845

申请日：2009-11-23

Applicant: David Bradin

Inventor： David Bradin

IPC: C08F4/80 ,  C07C11/06 ,  C07C6/04 ,  C08F110/06 ,  C08F210/16

CPC classification number: C07C11/06 ,  C07C6/04 ,  C08F110/06 ,  C08F210/16 ,  C08F210/08

Abstract: Processes for forming low molecular weight (C2-4) olefins from renewable resources, and polyolefins formed from the olefins, are disclosed. The C2-4 olefins are produced by first converting a renewable resource, capable of being converted to syngas, to syngas. The syngas is converted, using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using a catalyst with low chain growth probabilities, to a composition comprising C2-4 olefins, which are then isolated to form a C2-4 olefin-rich stream. Propylene can be isolated from this stream, and the ethylene and butylene can be subjected to olefin metathesis to produce additional propylene. The propylene, or other olefins, can be subjected to a variety of polymerization conditions and used in a variety of products, to replace the propylene, and polypropylene, produced from crude oil. Thus, the olefins, and polymers, copolymer and terpolymers thereof, can help reduce U.S. dependence on foreign crude oil.

Abstract translation: 公开了从可再生资源形成低分子量（C2-4）烯烃和由烯烃形成的聚烯烃的方法。 C2-4烯烃通过首先将能够转化为合成气的可再生资源转化为合成气来生产。 使用具有低链增长概率的催化剂将合成气转化为包含C2-4烯烃的组合物，然后将其分离以形成富C2-4烯烃流。 丙烯可以从该流中分离出来，并且乙烯和丁烯可以进行烯烃复分解以产生额外的丙烯。 丙烯或其它烯烃可以经受各种聚合条件并用于各种产品中，以代替由原油生产的丙烯和聚丙烯。 因此，烯烃及其聚合物，共聚物和三元共聚物可有助于减少美国对外来原油的依赖。

公开(公告)号：US08841494B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-23

申请号：US13088789

申请日：2011-04-18

Applicant: David Bradin

Inventor： David Bradin

IPC: C07C1/00 ,  C07C6/08 ,  C10G2/00 ,  C10G3/00 ,  C11C3/00 ,  C10G47/00 ,  C10L1/04 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C11C3/14 ,  C10L1/16

CPC classification number: C11C3/006 ,  C10G2/32 ,  C10G3/00 ,  C10G3/50 ,  C10G47/00 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/1018 ,  C10G2300/1022 ,  C10G2300/1025 ,  C10G2400/02 ,  C10G2400/04 ,  C10G2400/08 ,  C10L1/04 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C11C3/00 ,  C11C3/14 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20 ,  Y02T50/678

Abstract: Compositions and methods for forming hydrocarbon products from triglycerides are described. In one aspect, the methods involve the thermal decomposition of fatty acids, which can be derived from the hydrolysis of triglycerides. The thermal decomposition products can be combined with low molecular weight olefins, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, and subjected to molecular averaging reactions. Alternatively, the products can be subjected to hydrocracking reactions, isomerization reactions, and the like. The products can be isolated in the gasoline, jet and/or diesel fuel ranges. Thus, vegetable oils and/or animal fats can be converted using water, catalysts, and heat, into conventional products in the gasoline, jet and/or diesel fuel ranges. These products are virtually indistinguishable from those derived from their petroleum-based analogs, except that they can have virtually no aromatic, sulfur or nitrogen content, they are derived, in whole or in part, from renewable resources, and can also be derived from domestically available coal and/or natural gas.

Abstract translation: 描述了从甘油三酯形成烃产物的组合物和方法。 在一个方面，所述方法涉及脂肪酸的热分解，其可以源于甘油三酸酯的水解。 热分解产物可与低分子量烯烃如费 - 托合成产物结合，并进行分子平均反应。 或者，产物可以进行加氢裂化反应，异构化反应等。 产品可以在汽油，喷气和/或柴油燃料范围内分离。 因此，植物油和/或动物脂肪可以使用水，催化剂和热量转化成汽油，喷气和/或柴油燃料范围内的常规产品。 这些产品几乎与来自其石油类似物的产品几乎无法区分，除了它们几乎不具有芳香族，硫或氮的含量，它们全部或部分来自可再生资源，也可以从国内得到 可用的煤和/或天然气。

公开(公告)号：US08481771B2

公开(公告)日：2013-07-09

申请号：US12450361

申请日：2008-03-21

Applicant: David Bradin ,  Guerry L. Grune

Inventor： David Bradin ,  Guerry L. Grune

IPC: C11C3/00 ,  C10L1/18

CPC classification number: C11B3/005 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/1881 ,  C10L1/19 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L10/14 ,  C11B3/02 ,  C11C3/003 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20

Abstract: Processes for producing biodiesel compositions are disclosed. FFAs present in the triglycerides can be removed by reaction with isobutylene, or by Kolbe electrolysis. The Kolbe electrolysis can be performed on the starting material, or on the crude glycerol. The triglycerides are transesterified to form alkyl esters of the fatty acids and glycerol. The transesterification reaction can be catalyzed by an alkoxide, rather than a hydroxide, to help keep the glycerol by-product dry. The alkoxide salt can be neutralized by reaction with a dry acid, such as gaseous hydrogen chloride or sulfuric acid, and the resulting alcohol removed by distillation, and at least a portion of the neutralized salt can be removed by filtration or decantation. The process can provide improved biodiesel yields, and glycerol pure enough for use directly in glycerol ether manufacture.

Abstract translation: 公开了生产生物柴油组合物的方法。 存在于甘油三酸酯中的FAs可以通过与异丁烯反应或通过Kolbe电解来除去。 Kolbe电解可以在原料上或粗甘油上进行。 甘油三酸酯被酯交换以形成脂肪酸和甘油的烷基酯。 酯交换反应可以通过醇盐而不是氢氧化物催化，以帮助保持甘油副产物的干燥。 醇盐可以通过与干酸如气态氯化氢或硫酸反应中和，并通过蒸馏除去所得醇，并且可以通过过滤或倾析除去至少一部分中和盐。 该方法可以提供改善的生物柴油产量，甘油纯度足以直接用于甘油醚制造。

公开(公告)号：US08148579B2

公开(公告)日：2012-04-03

申请号：US12452030

申请日：2008-06-12

Applicant: David Bradin

Inventor： David Bradin

IPC: C07C45/00 ,  C12P7/00

CPC classification number: C07C49/04 ,  C07C29/143 ,  C07C31/125 ,  C07C45/48 ,  C10G2/32 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10L1/023 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L10/10 ,  C12P7/26 ,  C12P7/52 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20 ,  C07C31/08

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for forming heptan-4-one, and, optionally, heptan-4-ol, from fermentable sugars. The sugars are fermented using a bacteria or yeast that predominantly forms butyric acid. The butyric acid is subjected to catalytic ketonization conditions to form heptan-4-one, with concomitant loss of water and carbon dioxide. The heptan-4-one can be subjected to catalytic hydrogenation to form heptan-4-ol, an either of these can be included in gasoline compositions. In one aspect, the fermentable sugars are derived from lignocellulosic materials such as wood products, switchgrass, or agricultural wastes, which are delignified to form lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The cellulose and hemicellulose can be depolymerized to form glycose and xylose, either or both of which can be fermented by the bacteria. Thus, the methods described herein can convert biomass to a fuel composition or fuel additive, which can be used in a conventional gasoline engine, unlike traditional fuels such as ethanol or biodiesel.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于从可发酵糖形成庚-4-酮和任选的庚-4-醇的方法。 使用主要形成丁酸的细菌或酵母发酵糖。 将丁酸经受催化酮化条件以形成庚-4-酮，伴随着水和二氧化碳的损失。 庚-4-酮可以进行催化氢化以形成庚-4-醇，其中任何一种都可以包含在汽油组合物中。 一方面，可发酵糖衍生自木质纤维素材料，如木制品，柳枝稷或农业废弃物，木质纤维素材料被脱木质素形成木质素，纤维素和半纤维素。 纤维素和半纤维素可以解聚形成糖和木糖，其中一种或两种都可以被细菌发酵。 因此，本文所述的方法可将生物质转化成可用于常规汽油发动机中的燃料组合物或燃料添加剂，其不同于传统燃料如乙醇或生物柴油。

公开(公告)号：US20100186289A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-29

申请号：US12450361

申请日：2008-03-21

Applicant: David Bradin ,  Guerry L. Grune

Inventor： David Bradin ,  Guerry L. Grune

IPC: C10L1/19

CPC classification number: C11B3/005 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/1881 ,  C10L1/19 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L10/14 ,  C11B3/02 ,  C11C3/003 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20

Abstract: Processes for producing biodiesel compositions are disclosed. FFAs present in the triglycerides can be removed by reaction with isobutylene, or by Kolbe electrolysis. The Kolbe electrolysis can be performed on the starting material, or on the crude glycerol. The triglycerides are transesterified to form alkyl esters of the fatty acids and glycerol. The transesterification reaction can be catalyzed by an alkoxide, rather than a hydroxide, to help keep the glycerol by-product dry. The alkoxide salt can be neutralized by reaction with a dry acid, such as gaseous hydrogen chloride or sulfuric acid, and the resulting alcohol removed by distillation, and at least a portion of the neutralized salt can be removed by filtration or decantation. The process can provide improved biodiesel yields, and glycerol pure enough for use directly in glycerol ether manufacture.

Abstract translation: 公开了生产生物柴油组合物的方法。 存在于甘油三酸酯中的FAs可以通过与异丁烯反应或通过Kolbe电解来除去。 Kolbe电解可以在原料上或粗甘油上进行。 甘油三酸酯被酯交换以形成脂肪酸和甘油的烷基酯。 酯交换反应可以通过醇盐而不是氢氧化物催化，以帮助保持甘油副产物的干燥。 醇盐可以通过与干酸如气态氯化氢或硫酸反应中和，并通过蒸馏除去所得醇，并且可以通过过滤或倾析除去至少一部分中和盐。 该方法可以提供改善的生物柴油产量，甘油纯度足以直接用于甘油醚制造。

公开(公告)号：US20100137647A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-03

申请号：US12452030

申请日：2008-06-12

Applicant: David Bradin

Inventor： David Bradin

IPC: C07C49/04 ,  C12P7/26 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C07C31/02

CPC classification number: C07C49/04 ,  C07C29/143 ,  C07C31/125 ,  C07C45/48 ,  C10G2/32 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10L1/023 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L10/10 ,  C12P7/26 ,  C12P7/52 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20 ,  C07C31/08

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for forming heptan-4-one, and, optionally, heptan-4-ol, from fermentable sugars. The sugars are fermented using a bacteria or yeast that predominantly forms butyric acid. The butyric acid is subjected to catalytic ketonization conditions to form heptan-4-one, with concomitant loss of water and carbon dioxide. The heptan-4-one can be subjected to catalytic hydrogenation to form heptan-4-ol, an either of these can be included in gasoline compositions. In one aspect, the fermentable sugars are derived from lignocellulosic materials such as wood products, switchgrass, or agricultural wastes, which are delignified to form lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The cellulose and hemicellulose can be depolymerized to form glycose and xylose, either or both of which can be fermented by the bacteria. Thus, the methods described herein can convert biomass to a fuel composition or fuel additive, which can be used in a conventional gasoline engine, unlike traditional fuels such as ethanol or biodiesel.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于从可发酵糖形成庚-4-酮和任选的庚-4-醇的方法。 使用主要形成丁酸的细菌或酵母发酵糖。 将丁酸经受催化酮化条件以形成庚-4-酮，伴随着水和二氧化碳的损失。 庚-4-酮可以进行催化氢化以形成庚-4-醇，其中任何一种都可以包含在汽油组合物中。 一方面，可发酵糖衍生自木质纤维素材料，如木制品，柳枝稷或农业废弃物，木质纤维素材料被脱木质素形成木质素，纤维素和半纤维素。 纤维素和半纤维素可以解聚形成糖和木糖，其中一种或两种都可以被细菌发酵。 因此，本文所述的方法可将生物质转化成可用于常规汽油发动机中的燃料组合物或燃料添加剂，其不同于传统燃料如乙醇或生物柴油。

公开(公告)号：US20100005709A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-14

申请号：US12563560

申请日：2009-09-21

Applicant: David Bradin

Inventor： David Bradin

IPC: C10L1/182

CPC classification number: C10L1/023 ,  C10L1/1824

Abstract: Alternative fuel compositions, blends of the alternative fuel compositions and gasoline, and methods for their preparation and use are disclosed. The alternative fuel compositions ideally include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and one or more of sec-butanol and t-butanol, and ideally include no more than 3% methanol, and no more than 15% C5 or higher alcohols. The fuel compositions can be prepared using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to convert syngas to a product stream comprising C2-4 olefins, and hydrolyzing these olefins. The process facilitates isolation of C2-4 alkanes, because the boiling point difference of these alkanes is significantly lower than that of the C2-4 alcohols. Ideally, the compositions provide more energy per unit volume than E85, even without the addition of gasoline, although the compositions can be blended with gasoline in any desired ratio. The resulting alternative fuel can be derived, at least in part, from renewable resources, in that the syngas can be derived from renewable resources, and a significant portion of the molecule is derived from the water used to hydrolyze the olefins. The alternative fuel compositions, and blends thereof with gasoline, can help reduce U.S. dependence on foreign crude oil.

Abstract translation: 公开了替代燃料组合物，替代燃料组合物和汽油的共混物及其制备和使用方法。 替代燃料组合物理想地包括乙醇，异丙醇和仲丁醇和叔丁醇中的一种或多种，​​理想地包括不超过3％的甲醇和不超过15％的C5或更高级的醇。 燃料组合物可以使用费 - 托合成法将合成气转化为包含C2-4烯烃的产物流并水解这些烯烃。 该方法有利于C2-4烷烃的分离，因为这些烷烃的沸点差异明显低于C2-4醇。 理想情况下，组合物即使没有加入汽油也能提供比E85更多的单位体积能量，尽管组合物可以以任何所需比例与汽油混合。 所产生的替代燃料可以至少部分地来自可再生资源，因为合成气可以来自可再生资源，并且大部分分子来源于用于水解烯烃的水。 替代燃料组合物及其与汽油的混合物可有助于减少美国对外来原油的依赖。