摘要:
A cylinder head for an engine having a two-plane water jacket in which a lower chamber at one plane through the head cools the fire deck of each cylinder and a cross-flow passage for the coolant is spaced above the lower chambers in a second plane through the head directs coolant to an outlet. The two planes of the water jacket are connected by an annular passage surrounding the injector nozzle sleeve and has machined surfaces whereby the size of the flow channel and thus the coolant flow between the two planes is better controlled to enable more even cooling of the fire deck resulting in less variability in fire deck temperature from one cylinder to one another. The lower chambers cooling the fire deck are separate for each cylinder to prevent heated coolant from one cylinder flowing to the next cylinder fire deck.
摘要:
A center-closed power steering system provides power steering assistance in engine-off conditions for reduced fuel consumption. The power steering system includes a hydraulic pump mechanically driven by the engine, a high pressure accumulator, a steering gearbox fluidly connected to the accumulator, and a center closed valve mechanically connected to a driver-operated steering wheel. The valve is configured to selectively control flow of pressurized fluid from the accumulator to the steering gearbox to provide power steering assistance. The inner shaft of the rotary center-closed valve is provided with a cavity with V-shaped notches on the transition surfaces on lands configured to sealingly engage the inner surface of the valve outer sleeve, in order to provide a smooth transition in flow for power steering assistance, and a better driver feel.
摘要:
A flex fuel internal combustion engine system includes means for sensing ethanol concentration of the fuel. If the ethanol concentration is determined to be above a given threshold, engine operation is adjusted for lean combustion of the fuel. An aftertreatment system is provided to remove harmful emissions from the exhaust.
摘要:
In an internal combustion engine adapted to combust alcohol blend fuels (i.e., fuels containing greater than 20% alcohol by volume), a dilute combustion mixture (e.g., with substantial EGR), intake air cooling, and latent cooling caused by vaporization of the alcohol fuel, are used together with a compact combustion chamber (in which the distance between the spark plug tip and furthest point of the combustion chamber is less than one-half the cylinder bore diameter) and controlled spark retardation to enable the use of a high compression ratio (greater than 15:1), for improved efficiency without triggering auto-ignition. Thermal brake efficiency significantly exceeds that for conventional gasoline engines, thereby improving the potential cost-effectiveness of alcohol fuels. Stoichiometric operation is used for optimal emissions control.
摘要:
This invention sets forth a commercially viable diesel combustion system that meets environmentally acceptable levels of NOx emissions (i.e. 0.2 g/bhp-hr or lower across a full map of engine speeds and loads) without the need for use of NOx aftertreatments, and simultaneously maintains engine-out PM emissions relatively close (e.g. with smoke levels at or below 3 BSN) to environmentally acceptable PM post-aftertreatment levels. The invention achieves these results by operating within a unique combination of parameters. These parameters comprise: (1) charge-air oxygen concentration below 16%, preferably between 10% and 15%, more preferably between 11% and 14%, and most preferably between 12% and 13.5% for virtually all engine operating conditions (but not necessarily at no-load or low load conditions), (2) fuel injection pressures at or exceeding 1800 bar, preferably exceeding 2100 bar, more preferably exceeding 2300 bar, and most preferably exceeding 2500 bar, at most engine speeds and loads, and (3) charge-air mass/fuel mass ratio between 25:1 and 45:1 for medium and high loads. Furthermore, the system is preferably run continuously slightly lean of stoichiometry, providing just enough excess oxygen to facilitate completeness of combustion and to maintain an exhaust oxygen level sufficient for continuous trap regeneration at a balance point in operation.