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公开(公告)号：US5346609A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-13
申请号：US745311
申请日：1991-08-15
CPC分类号： C10G69/08
摘要： A process for producing a desulfurized gasoline boiling range product of relatively high octane number from a sulfur containing feed boiling in the naphtha boiling range by converting the feed in a first stage over a conventional hydrodesulfurization catalyst, and then converting at least the normally liquid portion of the product of this first stage conversion over a catalyst comprising a zeolitic behaving refractory solid having acid activity and shape selectivity to produce a product having a sulfur content within the required specifications, and an octane number which at least approaches the octane number of the feed.
摘要翻译： 通过在常规加氢脱硫催化剂中将第一阶段中的进料转化，然后将至少正常液体部分转化成来，从含有沸石沸点沸点的含硫原料中生产具有相对高辛烷值的脱硫汽油沸点产物的方法 该催化剂的第一阶段转化的产物包含具有酸活性和形状选择性的沸石行为的耐火固体，以产生具有所需规格的硫含量的产物，以及至少接近进料辛烷值的辛烷值。
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公开(公告)号：US5308471A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-03
申请号：US915571
申请日：1992-07-20
CPC分类号： C10G35/095 , C10G53/16 , C10G67/00 , C10G67/16 , C10G69/08 , C10G2300/70
摘要： Low sulfur gasoline of relatively high octane number is produced from a catalytically cracked, sulfur-containing naphtha by hydrodesulfurization followed by treatment over an acidic catalyst, modified to reduce surface acidity, and preferably an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5. The treatment over the acidic catalyst in the second step restores the octane loss which takes place as a result of the hydrogenative treatment and results in a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha. In favorable cases, using feeds of extended end point such as heavy naphthas with 95 percent points above about 380.degree. F. (about 193.degree. C.), improvements in both product octane and yield relative to the feed may be obtained.
摘要翻译： 相对高辛烷值的低硫汽油通过加氢脱硫然后在酸性催化剂上处理，经改性以降低表面酸度，优选中等孔径沸石如ZSM-5，由催化裂解的含硫石脑油生产。 在第二步骤中对酸性催化剂的处理恢复了由于氢化处理而发生的辛烷值损失，并导致具有与进料石脑油相当的辛烷值的低硫汽油产物。 在有利的情况下，使用延伸终点的原料如重质石脑油，高于约380°F（约193℃）为95％，可以获得相对于进料的产品辛烷值和产率的改善。
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公开(公告)号：US5360532A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-01
申请号：US42189
申请日：1993-04-02
摘要： Low sulfur gasoline is produced from a catalytically cracked, sulfur-containing naphtha by fractionating the naphtha feed into a low boiling fraction in which the majority of the sulfur is present in the form of mercaptans and a high-boiling fraction in which the sulfur is predominantly in non-mercaptan form such as thiophenes. The low boiling fraction is desulfurized by a non-hydrogenative mercaptan extraction process which retains the olefins which are present in this fraction. The second fraction is desulfurized by hydrodesulfurization, which results in some saturation of olefins and loss of octane. The octane loss is restored by treatment over an acidic catalyst, preferably an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5, to form a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha but which contains some recombined sulfur in the form or mercaptans which are removed in the non-hydrogenative mercaptan extraction step.
摘要翻译： 通过将石脑油进料分馏成低沸点馏分，其中大部分硫以硫醇和高沸点馏分的形式存在，低硫汽油由催化裂解的含硫石脑油生产，其中硫主要是 在非硫醇形式如噻吩中。 低沸点馏分通过保留存在于该馏分中的烯烃的非氢化硫醇萃取方法进行脱硫。 第二部分通过加氢脱硫脱硫，导致烯烃的一些饱和和辛烷值的损失。 通过在酸性催化剂，优选中等孔径的沸石如ZSM-5上处理来恢复辛烷值损失，以形成辛烷值与供应石脑油相当的低硫汽油产物，但其中含有一些重组硫 在非氢化硫醇提取步骤中除去的形式或硫醇。
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公开(公告)号：US20130203179A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-08
申请号：US13640344
申请日：2011-04-08
IPC分类号： G01N25/00
CPC分类号： G01N25/00 , B01J20/08 , B01J20/10 , B01J20/18 , B01J29/70 , B01J29/7038 , C07C2/70 , C07C2529/06 , C10G29/205 , C10G45/08 , C10G45/72 , C10G47/36 , C10G61/00 , C10G69/123 , C10G2300/1092 , C10G2300/1096 , C10G2300/202 , C10G2300/205 , C10G2400/30
摘要： Disclosed is a method for determining when to replace a guard bed material used to remove one or more catalyst poisons from a feed based on a parameter change in a process. A guard bed having a guard bed material is in fluid communication with a catalyst bed having a catalyst. At least three monitors are positioned in said guard bed or said catalyst bed and at least one parameter of the guard bed or catalyst bed is monitored. A feed component comprising one or more catalyst poisons is supplied to said guard bed or said catalyst bed. The feed is contacted with said guard bed material or said catalyst to remove at least a portion of a catalyst poison and to form a product which produces an increase or a decrease in said parameter. The monitored parameters are compared to determine when to replace the guard bed material.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于基于过程中的参数变化来确定何时更换用于从进料中去除一种或多种催化剂毒物的保护床材料的方法。 具有防护床材料的保护床与具有催化剂的催化剂床流体连通。 至少三个监视器位于所述保护床或所述催化剂床中，并且监视保护床或催化剂床的至少一个参数。 将包含一种或多种催化剂毒物的进料组分供应到所述保护床或所述催化剂床。 进料与所述保护床材料或所述催化剂接触以除去至少一部分催化剂毒物并形成产生所述参数的增加或减少的产物。 比较监测的参数，以确定何时更换防护层材料。
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公开(公告)号：USRE31774E
公开(公告)日：1984-12-18
申请号：US532347
申请日：1983-09-15
IPC分类号： G01R19/02 , G01R21/133
CPC分类号： G01R19/02 , G01R21/133
摘要： There is provided a method for measuring a parameter whose value is calculable as an integral with time of a function of at least one variable so as to make possible the use of a microprocessor when measurements of such variables are desired. The variable is sampled periodically at a frequency asynchronous with the wave form which the variable follows and then there is periodically calculated the value of the function by summing the values for the function determined by the samples taken during the time between the calculations, thus determining the desired integral.
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公开(公告)号：US5318690A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-07
申请号：US1681
申请日：1993-01-07
CPC分类号： C10G35/095 , C10G53/16 , C10G67/00 , C10G67/16 , C10G69/08 , C10G2300/70
摘要： Low sulfur gasoline is produced from a catalytically cracked, sulfur-containing naphtha by fractionating the naphtha feed into a low boiling fraction in which the majority of the sulfur is present in the form of mercaptans and a high-boiling fraction in which the sulfur is predominantly in non-mercaptan form such as thiophenes. The low boiling fraction is desulfurized by a non-hydrogenatile mercaptan extraction process which retains the olefins present in this fraction. The second fraction is desulfurized by hydrodesulfurization, which results in some saturation of olefins and loss of octane. The octane loss is restored by treatment over an acidic catalyst, preferably an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5, to form a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha but which contains some recombined sulfur in the form or mercaptans which are removed in a final hydrotreatment.
摘要翻译： 通过将石脑油进料分馏成低沸点馏分，其中大部分硫以硫醇和高沸点馏分的形式存在，低硫汽油由催化裂解的含硫石脑油生产，其中硫主要是 在非硫醇形式如噻吩中。 低沸点馏分通过非挥发性硫醇萃取方法进行脱硫，该方法保留存在于该馏分中的烯烃。 第二部分通过加氢脱硫脱硫，导致烯烃的一些饱和和辛烷值的损失。 通过在酸性催化剂，优选中等孔径的沸石如ZSM-5上处理来恢复辛烷值损失，以形成辛烷值与供应石脑油相当的低硫汽油产物，但其中含有一些重组硫 形式或硫醇，其在最终加氢处理中被除去。
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公开(公告)号：US5413696A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US891124
申请日：1992-06-01
申请人： David L. Fletcher , Timothy L. Hilbert , Stephen J. McGovern , Michel S. Sarli , Stuart S. Shih
发明人： David L. Fletcher , Timothy L. Hilbert , Stephen J. McGovern , Michel S. Sarli , Stuart S. Shih
CPC分类号： C10G35/095 , C10G53/16 , C10G67/00 , C10G67/16 , C10G69/08 , C10G2300/70
摘要： Low sulfur gasoline of relatively high octane number is produced from a catalytically cracked, sulfur-containing naphtha by hydrodesulfurization followed by treatment over an acidic catalyst comprising zeolite beta. The treatment over the acidic catalyst in the second step restores the octane loss which takes place as a result of the hydrogenative treatment and results in a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha. In favorable cases, using feeds of extended end point such as heavy naphthas with 95 percent points above about 380.degree. F. (about 193.degree. C.), improvements in both product octane and yield relative to the feed may be obtained.
摘要翻译： 相对高辛烷值的低硫汽油通过加氢脱硫然后在包含β沸石的酸性催化剂上处理由催化裂解的含硫石脑油生产。 在第二步骤中对酸性催化剂的处理恢复了由于氢化处理而发生的辛烷值损失，并导致具有与进料石脑油相当的辛烷值的低硫汽油产物。 在有利的情况下，使用延伸终点的原料如重质石脑油，高于约380°F（约193℃）为95％，可以获得相对于进料的产品辛烷值和产率的改善。
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公开(公告)号：US4714646A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-22
申请号：US60962
申请日：1987-06-17
CPC分类号： H05K1/056 , H05K2201/0209 , H05K2203/135 , H05K3/181 , H05K3/445 , Y10S428/901 , Y10T428/24876 , Y10T428/24917
摘要： A printed circuit with an internal metal sheet for heat dissipation has a roughened aluminum sheet with via holes coated with acrylic or epoxy resin containing thixotropic fumed silicon dioxide or silicate clay. The resin and thixotropic agent are electrophoretically coated. The thixotropic agent may act both to even the coating around edges and as a material upon which metal plating of the printed circuit is bonded.
摘要翻译： 具有用于散热的内部金属片的印刷电路具有粗糙的铝板，其具有涂覆有触变性热解二氧化硅或硅酸盐粘土的丙烯酸或环氧树脂的通孔。 树脂和触变剂电泳涂布。 触变剂可以均匀地作用于边缘附近的涂层和作为印刷电路的金属电镀结合的材料。
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公开(公告)号：US09322793B2
公开(公告)日：2016-04-26
申请号：US13640344
申请日：2011-04-08
IPC分类号： G01N25/00 , B01J20/08 , B01J20/10 , B01J20/18 , C10G29/20 , C10G45/72 , C10G47/36 , C10G61/00 , C10G69/12 , B01J29/70
CPC分类号： G01N25/00 , B01J20/08 , B01J20/10 , B01J20/18 , B01J29/70 , B01J29/7038 , C07C2/70 , C07C2529/06 , C10G29/205 , C10G45/08 , C10G45/72 , C10G47/36 , C10G61/00 , C10G69/123 , C10G2300/1092 , C10G2300/1096 , C10G2300/202 , C10G2300/205 , C10G2400/30
摘要： Disclosed is a method for determining when to replace a guard bed material used to remove one or more catalyst poisons from a feed based on a parameter change in a process. A guard bed having a guard bed material is in fluid communication with a catalyst bed having a catalyst. At least three monitors are positioned in said guard bed or said catalyst bed and at least one parameter of the guard bed or catalyst bed is monitored. A feed component comprising one or more catalyst poisons is supplied to said guard bed or said catalyst bed. The feed is contacted with said guard bed material or said catalyst to remove at least a portion of a catalyst poison and to form a product which produces an increase or a decrease in said parameter. The monitored parameters are compared to determine when to replace the guard bed material.
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公开(公告)号：US5320742A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-14
申请号：US963229
申请日：1992-10-19
CPC分类号： C10G69/08 , C10G65/043 , C10G67/12
摘要： A sulfur-containing catalytically cracked naphtha is upgraded to form a low-sulfur gasoline product by a process which retains the octane contribution from the olefinic front end of the naphtha. Initially, the mercaptan sulfur in the front end of the cracked naphtha is converted to higher boiling disulfides by oxidation. The front end, which is then essentially an olefinic, high octane sulfur-free material, may be blended directly into the gasoline pool. The back end, which now contains the original higher boiling sulfur components such as thiophenes, together with the sulfur transferred from the front end as disulfides, is hydrotreated to produce a desulfurized product. This desulfurized product, which has undergone a loss in octane by saturation of olefins, is then treated in a second stage, by contact with a catalyst of acidic functionality, preferably a zeolite such as ZSM-5, under conditions which produce a product in the gasoline boiling range of higher octane value. Because this second product may contain combined organic sulfur, it may be subjected to a final desulfurization to reduce organic sulfur to acceptable levels.
摘要翻译： 通过保留来自石脑油的烯烃前端的辛烷贡献的方法，将含硫催化裂化石脑油升级以形成低硫汽油产物。 最初，裂化石脑油前端的硫醇硫通过氧化转化为较高沸点的二硫化物。 然后，基本上为烯属，高辛烷值的无硫材料的前端可以直接混合到汽油池中。 现在包含原来较高沸点的硫成分如噻吩的后端与从前端转移的硫作为二硫化物一起加氢处理以产生脱硫产物。 然后在第二阶段通过与酸性官能团的催化剂（优选沸石如ZSM-5）接触，在产生烯烃的产物的条件下处理已经经历烯烃饱和的辛烷值损失的该脱硫产物 汽油沸点范围较高的辛烷值。 因为该第二产品可能含有组合的有机硫，所以可以对其进行最终脱硫以将有机硫降低至可接受的水平。
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