Abstract:
A process for producing aqueous solutions of acrylic acid polymers by polymerization of acrylic acid in feed operation with a free-radical starter in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, which comprises (i) initially charging water and optionally acrylic acid in acidic, unneutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenicaliy unsaturated comonomers, optionally aqueous hypophosphite solution and optionally initiator, (ii) adding acrylic acid in acidic, unneutralized form, optionally one or more ethylenicaliy unsaturated comonomers, aqueous free-radical starter solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution, (iii) adding a base to the aqueous solution after termination of the acrylic acid feed, wherein the comonomer content does not exceed 30 wt % based on the total monomer content, wherein the acrylic acid, the aqueous free-radical starter solution and the aqueous hypophosphite solution are added such that the molar ratio x of acrylic acid to phosphorus-bound hydrogen [AA]/[P—H] over a time period in which at least 75% of the acrylic acid is converted has a value x which is constant to within ±0.5 and is in the range from 0.8 to 2.
Abstract:
A process for removing acid gases from a fluid stream, wherein the fluid stream is contacted with an absorbent comprising a compound of the general formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are independently C1-C4-alkyl; R3 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C4-alkyl, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C4-alkyl; x and y are integers from 2 to 4 and z is an integer from 1 to 3, to obtain a treated fluid stream and a laden absorbent. The process allows for a high cyclic capacity while the compounds of the absorbent have a reduced tendency to foaming and low volatility.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for preparing nitroalkanes by reaction of at least one alkane with at least one nitrating agent in the gas phase, wherein the nitration is carried out in a microstructured reaction zone having parallel channels having hydraulic diameters of less than 2.5 mm and a total specific internal surface area of more than 1600 m2/m3 and the alkane and the nitrating agent are conveyed under a pressure of from 1 bar to 20 bar through the reaction zone and reacted at a temperature of from 150° C. to 650° C. and the reaction products are cooled downstream of the reaction zone and discharged and the at least one nitrating agent is introduced over from two to ten introduction points along the reaction zone.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及通过在气相中至少一种烷烃与至少一种硝化剂反应来制备硝基烷烃的方法,其中硝化在具有水力直径小于2.5mm的平行通道的微结构反应区中进行,以及 超过1600m 2 / m 3的总比表面积和烷烃和硝化剂在1巴-20巴的压力下通过反应区输送,并在150℃至650℃的温度下反应 并且反应产物在反应区的下游冷却并排出,并且将至少一种硝化剂沿着反应区引入二至十个引入点。
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a specific hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least 95% by weight of saturated linear C-13 hydrocarbon based on the sum of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon mixture, characterized in that the amount of C11/C12 is 0.05 to 1.5% by weight based on the sum of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon mixture and the amount of C14 to C17 is 0.2 to 3.5 % by weight based on the sum of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon mixture and the use thereof in cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical formulations, and to cosmetic formulations comprising the hydrocarbon mixture.
Abstract:
An absorbent for the selective removal of hydrogen sulfide over carbon dioxide from a fluid stream, wherein the absorbent contains an aqueous solution, comprising an amine of formula (I) and/or an amine of formula (II) wherein U—V—W is CH—O—CHR5, N—CO—CHR5 or N—CO—NR5; U′—V′—W is C—O—CR5; R1 is independently C1-C5-alkyl; R2 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C5-alkyl; R3 is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C5-alkyl; R4 is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C5-alkyl; R5 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl, (C1-C5-alkoxy)-C1-C5-alkyl, and hydroxy-C1-C5-alkyl; and x is an integer from 1 to 10. The absorbent has a reduced tendency for phase separation at temperatures falling within the usual range of regeneration temperatures for the aqueous amine mixtures and a low volatility in aqueous solvents.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for the reductive amination of a carbonyl compound, comprising one or more carbonyl groups amenable to reductive amination, forming the corresponding primary amine, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of a homogeneously dissolved catalyst complex K, comprising at least one metal atom from Group 8, 9 or 10 of the periodic table, bearing a bidentate phosphane ligand, a carbonyl ligand, a neutral ligand and a hydride ligand, and also an acid as co-catalyst.
Abstract:
Unsaturated compounds of formula (I): wherein: R1, R2, and R3 are each independently H or CH3; R4 is a linear or branched C1-C30-alkylene; R5 and R6 are each independently H, C1-C20-alkyl, C3-C15-cycloalkyl, aryl, —CH2—O—C1-C20-alkyl, or —CH2—O—C2-C20-alkenyl, where R5 and R6 may together form a C3-C6-alkylene; R7 is independently H,C1-C4-alkyl, or where R8 is C1-C22-alkyl or C2-C22-alkenyl; and n is an integer from 2 to 200. Mixtures and polymers including the unsaturated compounds of formula (I). A method for preparing polymers by free-radical polymerization of monomers including the unsaturated compounds of formula (I). A process for preparing polymers including polymer-analogous reactions. And polymers including compounds (I) as cement additives, grinding aids, hydraulic binder additives, concrete plasticizers, reactive plasticizers for preparing plastics, rubber, or latex, associative thickeners and antioxidants, or for preparing polyether siloxanes.
Abstract:
A process for selectively separating H2S from a gas mixture which also comprises CO2 is disclosed. A stream of the gas mixture is contacted with an absorbent solution comprising one or more amines, alkanolamines, hindered alkanolamines, capped alkanolamines, or mixtures thereof. The H2S/CO2 selectivity of the absorbent solution is preferably greater than about 4.0 for an acid gas loading [mol(CO2+H2S)/mol(amine)] between about 0.2 and about 0.6, and is achieved by reducing pH of the absorbent solution.
Abstract:
Continuous reductive dehydroxymethylation process for the preparation of alkanes from primary aliphatic alcohols, having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst in a reactor at a pressure of ≥2 bar, characterized in that the dehydroxymethylation takes place in the vapor phase.
Abstract:
A process for selectively separating H2S from a gas mixture which also comprises CO2is disclosed. A stream of the gas mixture is contacted with an absorbent solution comprising one or more amines, alkanolamines, hindered alkanolamines, capped alkanolamines, or mixtures thereof. The H2S/CO2 selectivity of the absorbent solution is preferably greater than about 4.0 for an acid gas loading [mol(CO2+H2S)/mol(amine)] between about 0.2 and about 0.6, and is achieved by reducing pH of the absorbent solution.