Abstract:
Hydrogel particles (microgels) generated using microfluidic methods have superb properties such as high size uniformity and precise control over degradation and release profiles, making them useful for applications in wound healing and injectable drug delivery. However, the throughput of microfluidics is constrained by the physics governing the flow of immiscible fluids confined within microchannels. This throughput tends to be several orders of magnitude lower than what would be necessary for commercial and clinical applications. Here, we demonstrate the scaling up of on-chip synthesis of microgels by parallelizing the microfluidic channels. Taking advantage of the established fabrication technologies developed by the semiconductor industry and a high flow control system, a 4-inch silicon microfluidic chip integrating more than 4,000 microfluidic devices is developed. By incorporating a high energy flood UV source, this chip allows the synthesis of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate microgel particles with diameter down to 30 m at a throughput above Ikg/hr. By using photomasks that enable milli-second scale control of the UV exposure, the stiffness of microgels can be varied.
Abstract:
Fluid transport approaches are described that operate without the need for precise displacement of an actuator and with little or no sensing in the flow path. In certain implementations, a gas phase in a fluid reservoir is compressed by a pressure source such that releasing the pressure, such as by opening a valve to an intermediary conduit, displaces fluid to the intermediary chamber. Closing that fluid path and opening a different fluid path to a chamber at ambient temperature causes the fluid to be displaced to the chamber.
Abstract:
The present invention generally relates to the manipulation of fluids using acoustic waves such as surface acoustic waves. In some aspects, one fluid may be introduced into another fluid via application of suitable acoustic waves. For example, a fluid may be added or injected into another fluid by applying acoustic waves where, in the absence of the acoustic waves, the fluid cannot be added or injected, e.g., due to the interface or surface tension between the fluids. Thus, for example, a fluid may be injected into a droplet of another fluid. Other embodiments of the invention are generally directed to systems and methods for making or using such systems, kits involving such systems, or the like.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of Efavirenz via an efficient transition metal catalyzed cyclization, to a device suitable to perform such process as well as to novel intermediates.
Abstract:
An improved process for synthesizing acrylic polymers, which is highly controllable to achieve high molecular weight, high conversion rate, and low polydispersity involves continuously introducing initiator(s), acrylic monomer(s), and optionally other monomers capable of polymerizing with the acrylic monomer(s), into a microchannel of a microreactor having an integral micromixer and an integral heat exchanger.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for preparing nitroalkanes by reaction of at least one alkane with at least one nitrating agent in the gas phase, wherein the nitration is carried out in a microstructured reaction zone having parallel channels having hydraulic diameters of less than 2.5 mm and a total specific internal surface area of more than 1600 m2/m3 and the alkane and the nitrating agent are conveyed under a pressure of from 1 bar to 20 bar through the reaction zone and reacted at a temperature of from 150° C. to 650° C. and the reaction products are cooled downstream of the reaction zone and discharged and the at least one nitrating agent is introduced over from two to ten introduction points along the reaction zone.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及通过在气相中至少一种烷烃与至少一种硝化剂反应来制备硝基烷烃的方法,其中硝化在具有水力直径小于2.5mm的平行通道的微结构反应区中进行,以及 超过1600m 2 / m 3的总比表面积和烷烃和硝化剂在1巴-20巴的压力下通过反应区输送,并在150℃至650℃的温度下反应 并且反应产物在反应区的下游冷却并排出,并且将至少一种硝化剂沿着反应区引入二至十个引入点。
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device comprising at least one porous element consisting of specific solid metallic structure which allows cross-flow of the material through the porous element and wherein the porous element is coated by a non-acidic metal oxide which is impregnated by palladium (Pd).
Abstract:
Structures, catalysts, and reactors suitable for use for a variety of applications, including gasto-liquid and coal-to-liquid processes and methods of forming the structures, catalysts, and reactors are disclosed. The catalyst material can be deposited onto an inner wall of a microtubular reactor and/or onto porous tungsten support structures using atomic layer deposition techniques.
Abstract:
Conversion of heavy fossil hydrocarbons (HFH) to a variety of value-added chemicals and/or fuels can be enhanced using microwave (MW) and/or radio-frequency (RF) energy. Variations of reactants, process parameters, and reactor design can significantly influence the relative distribution of chemicals and fuels generated as the product. In one example, a system for flash microwave conversion of HFH includes a source concentrating microwave or RF energy in a reaction zone having a pressure greater than 0.9 atm, a continuous feed having HFH and a process gas passing through the reaction zone, a HFH-to-liquids catalyst contacting the HFH in at least the reaction zone, and dielectric discharges within the reaction zone. The HFH and the catalyst have a residence time in the reaction zone of less than 30 seconds. In some instances, a plasma can form in or near the reaction zone.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of APD and N-alkyl-APD wherein 1-CPD is reacted with aqueous ammonium or aqueous alkyl-amine under alkaline conditions and where the process is conducted in a continuous manner in a reactor comprising a tubular reactor wherein at least two reaction zones are established.