摘要:
To provide synchronizing methods, optical switch modules, center devices, remote devices, optical access systems, optical access networks, programs, and recording media in the optical access network which can give the connection start time of the upstream optical switching element of the optical switch module. To the optical switch module, ranging functions are provided and the center device OLU carries out ranging of the optical switch module OSM as is the case of ranging of the remote device ONU. The center device OLU transmits the difference between roundtrip time of the remote device ONU and roundtrip time of optical switch module OSM, which is the result of these rangings, to the optical switch module OSM, and the optical switch module OSM can obtain the contact start time of the upstream optical switching element by calculating the contact start time using the difference.
摘要:
A light-emitting element includes a light-emitting material layer having a light-emitting layer; an insulating layer opposed to the light-emitting material layer; a carrier injection layer for injecting a first carrier, sandwiched between the insulating layer and the light-emitting material layer; a first electrode that has a polarity corresponding to the first carrier, positioned at the interface of the light-emitting material layer and the carrier injection layer, and provided in part on the carrier injection layer, a second electrode that has a polarity opposite that of the first electrode and is provided on the light-emitting material layer, and an auxiliary electrode provided on the insulating layer.
摘要:
A diesel engine system includes a diesel engine, a throttle valve, an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) path, an EGR valve and a controller. The throttle valve controls a flow rate of intake air to the diesel engine. Exhaust gas is recirculated along the EGR path from an exhaust port to an intake port of the diesel engine. The EGR valve controls a flow rate of the exhaust gas. The controller controls the throttle valve and the EGR valve such that an opening of the throttle valve decreases and an opening of the EGR valve increases when a load of the diesel engine increases. The controller controls the EGR valve such that the opening of the EGR valve increases after the opening of the EGR valve is held constant for a first predetermined holding time.
摘要:
An organic EL device comprising organic compound layers, at least one of which has a skeleton represented by formula (I): where L0 is any one of o-, p-, and m-phenylene groups which have two, three or four rings and which may have a substituent with the proviso that when L0 is a phenylene group having four rings, the phenylene group may have an unsubstituted or substituted aminophenyl group somewhere therein, R01, R02, R03 and R04 are each any one of the following groups: where R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 and R17 are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and r1, r2, r3 and r4 are each an integer of 0 to 5 with the proviso that r1+r2+r3+r4≧1, is less susceptible to physical changes, photochemical changes and electrochemical changes, and can emit light having various colors with high reliability and high light emission efficiency.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are poly(phenylene sulfide) fibers having a tensile strength of at least 3.5 g/d, a knot tenacity of at least 2 g/d, a loop tenacity of at least 3.5 g/d, the number of abrasion cycles until breaking in a flexing abrasion test of at least 3,000 times, and the number of repeated flexings until breaking in a flexural fatigue test of at least 150 times. A process for the production of poly(phenylene sulfide) fibers, which comprises melt-spinning a poly(phenylene sulfide), stretching the resultant unstretched filaments at a draw ratio of 2:1 to 7:1 within a temperature range of 80.degree.-260.degree. C., and heat-treating the stretched filaments for 0.1-30 seconds under conditions of a take-up ratio of 0.8:1 to 1.35:1 in a dry heat atmosphere exceeding 285.degree. C., but not exceeding 385.degree. C. is also disclosed.
摘要:
A high polymer comprising a recurring unit (I) represented by the formula: ##STR1## and a recurring unit (II) represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein r, u, p and s each represent an integer of 2 to 5, q represents a number of 0 to 20, m represents an integer of 8 to 12, n represents an integer of 6 to 15, a represents an integer of 1 to 8, b represents an integer of 5 to 15, Y represents --O-- or --COO--, Z represents --O-- or a single bond, and * represents an asymmetric carbon, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprising the high polymer and a low molecular weight smectic liquid crystal are disclosed.
摘要:
A liquid-crystalline polymer having the repeating units represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is ##STR2## wherein a is an integer having a value of 1 to 10,b is an integer having a value of 0 or 1,c is an integer having a value of 1 to 30,X.sup.1 is --COO--, --O-- or a single bond,M.sup.1 is ##STR3## d is an integer having a value of 1 to 5. The liquid-crystalline polymer exhibits ferroelectricity in a wide temperature range including room temperature and has a high speed of response to electric field.
摘要:
A sintered ferro alloy comprises 5 to 25 wt % of one or two elements selected from Mo and W, 2 to 10 wt % of Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 wt % of Si, less than or equal to 0.7 wt % of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 wt % of P, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of C, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of B, 0.1 to 7.0 wt % of at least one element selected from borides of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Yb, Y or Sc, residual Fe, and contaminants. Also the alloy may comprise less than or equal to 20 wt % of at least one element selected from V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Co or Ni, if necessary. The alloy is produced by mixing the above mentioned components and pressurizing them in an Fe matrix, then sintering the pressurized mixture at 1150.degree. C. to 1260.degree. C. for 60 min. and reheating after sintering. This alloy has wear and heat resistance and can be utilized as valve seats for internal combustion engines in automotive vehicles.
摘要:
A high temperature wear resistant sintered alloy suitable for the material of a valve seat in an automotive vehicle engine. The matrix of the sintered alloy consists essentially of carbon ranging from 0.45 to 1.15% by weight, nickel ranging from 5.4 to 27% by weight, molybdenum ranging form 0.4 to 2.7% by weight, cobalt ranging from 4.2 to 7.2% by weight and balance being substantially iron. The matrix is formed of a mixture of at least one of sorbite structure and bainite structure and austenite structure. Furthermore, the matrix includes hard phase dispersed therein and containing at least silicon, molybdenum and cobalt. The sintered alloy of such a structure can exhibit high strength and wear resistance at high temperatures regardless of type of engine and kind of fuel in case of being used as the material of the valve seat, while maintaining production cost thereof lower.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are poly(arylene thioether-ketone) fibers obtained by melt-spinning a thermoplastic material which comprises 100 parts by weight of a melt-stable poly(arylene thioether-ketone) (PTK) and optionally, up to 50 parts by weight of at least one of thermoplastic resins. The PTK has predominant recurring units of the formula ##STR1## wherein the --CO-- and --S-- are in the para position to each other, and has a melting point, Tm of 310.degree.-380.degree. C., a residual melt crystallization enthalpy, .DELTA.Hmc (420.degree. C./10 min) of at least 10 J/g, a melt crystallization temperature, Tmc (420.degree. C./10 min) of at least 210.degree. C., and a reduced viscosity of 0.3-2 dl/g as determined by viscosity measurement at 25.degree. C. and a polymer concentration of 0.5 g/dl in 98 percent by weight sulfuric acid. The PTK fibers of this invention have high heat resistance and strength.