公开(公告)号：US06920290B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-19

申请号：US09903330

申请日：2001-07-11

Applicant: Pradip Mitra

Inventor： Pradip Mitra

IPC: H01S3/23 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04B10/06

CPC classification number: H01S3/2383 ,  H04J14/02

Abstract: An array of diffraction grating coupled infrared photodetectors is coupled to corresponding high-speed amplifiers for creating a multiple channel high speed receiver for an optical communication system. Each photodetector includes a three-dimensional diffractive resonant optical cavity formed by a diffraction grating that resonates over a narrow range of wavelengths. By creating different resonant optical cavities, the receiver detects each optical channel individually, thereby simplifying receiver design. The receiver finds ready application in systems based upon high power CO2 lasers and semiconductor lasers such as quantum cascade lasers allowing extremely long line of sight communication, such as between satellites. Other applications include ship to ship or ground to missile communications. These applications will benefit from increased jamming resistance and security.

Abstract translation: 衍射光栅耦合的红外光电检测器的阵列被耦合到相应的高速放大器，用于为光通信系统创建多通道高速接收器。 每个光电检测器包括由在窄波长范围上谐振的衍射光栅形成的三维衍射谐振光学腔。 通过创建不同的谐振光学腔，接收器分别检测每个光信道，从而简化了接收机设计。 接收机在基于高功率CO 2激光器和诸如量子级联激光器的半导体激光器的系统中找到可用的应用，其允许非常长的视距通信，例如在卫星之间。 其他应用包括船舶运输或地面进行导弹通信。 这些应用将受益于增加的抗干扰性和安全性。

公开(公告)号：US20050068517A1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-31

申请号：US10603707

申请日：2003-06-25

Applicant: Bruno Evans ,  Pradip Mitra

Inventor： Bruno Evans ,  Pradip Mitra

IPC: G01C1/00 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01S7/481 ,  G01S17/87 ,  G01S17/89 ,  G01B11/26

CPC classification number: G01S17/89 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0264 ,  G01J3/027 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J2003/2826 ,  G01S7/4802 ,  G01S7/481 ,  G01S7/4816 ,  G01S7/4863 ,  G01S17/87

Abstract: A multi-spectral detector for use in a passive/active system and a method for use in identifying an object in a field of view are disclosed. The multi-spectral detection system comprises an optically dispersive element, a detector array, and an integrated circuit. The optically dispersive element is capable of separating received LADAR radiation and radiation received from a scene into a plurality of spectral components and distributing the separated spectral components; and a detector array. The detector array includes a plurality of detectors capable of detecting the LADAR radiation; and a plurality of detectors capable of detecting the spectral components of the scene radiation. The integrated circuit is capable of generating a plurality of electrical signals representative of predetermined characteristics of the detected LADAR radiation and the detected spectral components. The method comprises passively detecting scene radiation employing a detector array; and actively detecting LADAR radiation through the detector array in parallel with passively detecting the scene radiation.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于被动/主动系统的多光谱检测器和用于在视野中识别物体的方法。 多光谱检测系统包括光学色散元件，检测器阵列和集成电路。 光学色散元件能够将接收的LADAR辐射和从场景接收的辐射分离成多个光谱分量并分配分离的光谱分量; 和检测器阵列。 检测器阵列包括能够检测LADAR辐射的多个检测器; 以及能够检测场景辐射的光谱分量的多个检测器。 集成电路能够产生代表检测到的LADAR辐射和检测到的光谱分量的预定特性的多个电信号。 该方法包括采用检测器阵列的被动检测场景辐射; 并通过检测器阵列主动检测LADAR辐射并行被动检测场景辐射。

公开(公告)号：US20090236525A1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-24

申请号：US12050460

申请日：2008-03-18

Applicant: Pradip Mitra ,  James E. Robinson ,  John M. Dell ,  Charlie A. Musca ,  Laurie Faraone

Inventor： Pradip Mitra ,  James E. Robinson ,  John M. Dell ,  Charlie A. Musca ,  Laurie Faraone

IPC: G01J5/02 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/36

Abstract: A tunable infrared detector is provided that includes a substrate, a bottom wavelength detector formed over the substrate, a top wavelength detector formed over the first wavelength detector layer, and an interferometer filter formed over the top wavelength detector layer and the bottom wavelength detector layer. The interferometer filter is operatively configured to pass a first wavelength associated with a first portion of a predetermined band and a second wavelength associated with a second portion of the predetermined band to the top wavelength detector. The top wavelength detector is operatively configured to detect each wavelength associated with the first portion of the predetermined band and to transmit each wavelength associated with the second portion of the predetermined band to the bottom wavelength detector. The bottom wavelength detector is operatively configured to detect each wavelength associated with the second portion of the predetermined band.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种可调谐红外检测器，其包括衬底，形成在衬底上的底部波长检测器，形成在第一波长检测器层上的顶部波长检测器，以及形成在顶部波长检测器层和底部波长检测器层上的干涉仪滤波器。 干涉仪滤波器被可操作地配置成将与预定频带的第一部分相关联的第一波长和与预定频带的第二部分相关联的第二波长传递到顶部波长检测器。 顶部波长检测器被可操作地配置为检测与预定波段的第一部分相关联的每个波长，并将与预定波段的第二部分相关联的每个波长传输到底部波长检测器。 底部波长检测器可操作地配置为检测与预定波段的第二部分相关联的每个波长。

公开(公告)号：US07485096B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-03

申请号：US11686029

申请日：2007-03-14

Applicant: Pradip Mitra

Inventor： Pradip Mitra

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/415 ,  A61B5/015 ,  A61B5/026 ,  A61B5/418

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for detecting diseased tissue based upon infrared imaging in two different bands of infrared wavelengths is described. The use of two series of infrared images taken in two different bands of infrared wavelengths increases sensitivity to the subtle temperature changes caused by diseased skin and tissue, especially in the case of cancerous tissue. By sensing skin temperature, the homogeneity thereof, the time variations thereof and the correlation between the two series of infrared images, the present invention decreases the rate of false positives and false negatives. The increased discrimination due to two series of infrared images allows for reliable detection of diseased or cancerous tissue even in the presence of skin tone variations such as birthmarks, tattoos and freckles. The present invention finds special application in the field of breast cancer detection where subtle skin temperature variations may readily be sensed using two series of infrared images.

Abstract translation: 描述了基于红外成像在两个不同红外波长带中检测患病组织的方法和装置。 使用两个不同红外波段的红外图像系列增加了对病变皮肤和组织引起的细微温度变化的敏感性，特别是在癌组织的情况下。 通过感测皮肤温度，其均匀性，其时间变化和两系列红外图像之间的相关性，本发明降低了误报率和假阴性率。 由于两系列红外图像的增加的鉴别，即使在诸如胎记，纹身和雀斑之类的皮肤色调变化的存在下也可以可靠地检测患病或癌组织。 本发明在乳腺癌检测领域中具有特殊的应用，其中可以使用两个系列的红外图像容易地感测到微妙的皮肤温度变化。

公开(公告)号：US20070029485A1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-08

申请号：US11196100

申请日：2005-08-03

Applicant: Jeffrey Beck ,  Pradip Mitra ,  Chang-Feng Wan ,  Michael Kinch

Inventor： Jeffrey Beck ,  Pradip Mitra ,  Chang-Feng Wan ,  Michael Kinch

IPC: H01L31/00 ,  H01L31/0296

CPC classification number: H01L31/02027 ,  H01L31/0296 ,  H01L31/02966 ,  H01L31/1032 ,  H01L31/105 ,  H01L31/107

Abstract: An avalanche photodiode is operated in avalanche mode at a selected reverse bias that achieves high gain and a reduced gain normalized dark current.

Abstract translation: 雪崩光电二极管以选择的反向偏置在雪崩模式下操作，其实现高增益和减小的标准化暗电流。

公开(公告)号：US5266118A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-30

申请号：US7471

申请日：1993-01-22

Applicant: Pradip Mitra

Inventor： Pradip Mitra

IPC: C23C14/22 ,  C30B23/02 ,  C23C14/24

CPC classification number: C30B23/02 ,  C23C14/22 ,  C30B29/48

Abstract: A growth vessel (10) comprises a crucible (12) for containing the source materials within its cavity (26), a substrate carrier (15, 115) positioned on inner shoulder 27 of the crucible sidewalls (22-25), a source tray (14) positioned within the crucible cavity (26), at least one spacer (13) positioned between the bottom of the crucible cavity (26) and the source tray (14), a substrate carrier (15, 115) positioned within the crucible cavity (26) for mounting a substrate parallel to the source of growth material in the source tray (14), and a crucible lid (17, 117).

Abstract translation: 生长容器（10）包括用于将源材料容纳在其空腔（26）内的坩埚（12），位于坩埚侧壁（22-25）的内肩部27上的基底载体（15,115），源托盘 （14），位于所述坩埚腔（26）内的至少一个间隔物（13），位于所述坩埚腔（26）的底部和所述源盘（14）之间的至少一个间隔物（13），位于所述坩埚腔内的衬底载体 空腔（26），其用于安装与所述源托盘（14）中的生长材料源平行的基板，以及坩埚盖（17,117）。

公开(公告)号：US08772717B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-08

申请号：US12853174

申请日：2010-08-09

Applicant: Pradip Mitra ,  Jeffrey D. Beck ,  Mark R. Skokan

Inventor： Pradip Mitra ,  Jeffrey D. Beck ,  Mark R. Skokan

IPC: G01J5/00

CPC classification number: G01J1/44 ,  H01L27/1446 ,  H01L27/14652 ,  H01L31/02161 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/024 ,  H01L31/02966 ,  H01L31/101 ,  H01L31/1032 ,  H01L31/1832

Abstract: A radiation detector is provided that includes a photodiode having a radiation absorber with a graded multilayer structure. Each layer of the absorber is formed from a semiconductor material, such as HgCdTe. A first of the layers is formed to have a first predetermined wavelength cutoff. A second of the layers is disposed over the first layer and beneath the first surface of the absorber through which radiation is received. The second layer has a graded composition structure of the semiconductor material such that the wavelength cutoff of the second layer varies from a second predetermined wavelength cutoff to the first predetermined wavelength cutoff such that the second layer has a progressively smaller bandgap than the first bandgap of the first layer. The graded multilayer radiation absorber structure enables carriers to flow toward a conductor that is used for measuring the radiation being sensed by the radiation absorber.

Abstract translation: 提供一种辐射检测器，其包括具有渐变多层结构的辐射吸收体的光电二极管。 吸收体的各层由诸如HgCdTe的半导体材料形成。 第一层被形成为具有第一预定波长截止。 层中的第二层设置在吸收体的第一层和第一表面之下，辐射被接收在该吸收体的第一表面下方。 第二层具有半导体材料的渐变组成结构，使得第二层的波长截止从第二预定波长截止到第一预定波长截止不同，使得第二层比带隙的第一带隙具有逐渐变小的带隙 第一层 分级多层辐射吸收器结构使得载体能够朝向用于测量由辐射吸收器感测的辐射的导体流动。

公开(公告)号：USRE43889E1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-01

申请号：US11635819

申请日：2006-12-06

Applicant: Lewis T. Claiborne ,  Pradip Mitra

Inventor： Lewis T. Claiborne ,  Pradip Mitra

IPC: H01L31/0352

CPC classification number: H01L27/14649 ,  H01L27/14625 ,  H01L31/02327 ,  H01L31/0296 ,  H01L31/035281 ,  Y02E10/50

Abstract: A diffraction grating coupled infrared photodetector for providing high performance detection of infrared radiation is described. The photodetector includes a three-dimensional diffractive resonant optical cavity formed by a diffraction grating that resonates over a range of infrared radiation wavelengths. By placing a limited number of p/n junctions throughout the photodetector, the photodetector thermal noise is reduced due to the reduction in junction area. By retaining signal response and reducing the noise, the sensitivity increases at a given operating temperature when compared to traditional photovoltaic and photoconductive infrared photodetectors up to the background limit. The photodetector device design can be used with a number of semiconductor material systems, can form one- and two-dimensional focal plane arrays, and can readily be tuned for operation in the long wavelength infrared and the very long wavelength infrared where sensitivity and noise improvements are most significant.

公开(公告)号：US07485098B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-03

申请号：US11686313

申请日：2007-03-14

Applicant: Pradip Mitra

Inventor： Pradip Mitra

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/415 ,  A61B5/015 ,  A61B5/026 ,  A61B5/418

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for detecting diseased tissue based upon infrared imaging in two different bands of infrared wavelengths is described. The use of two series of infrared images taken in two different bands of infrared wavelengths increases sensitivity to the subtle temperature changes caused by diseased skin and tissue, especially in the case of cancerous tissue. By sensing skin temperature, the homogeneity thereof, the time variations thereof and the correlation between the two series of infrared images, the present invention decreases the rate of false positives and false negatives. The increased discrimination due to two series of infrared images allows for reliable detection of diseased or cancerous tissue even in the presence of skin tone variations such as birthmarks, tattoos and freckles. The present invention finds special application in the field of breast cancer detection where subtle skin temperature variations may readily be sensed using two series of infrared images.

公开(公告)号：US07485097B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-03

申请号：US11686285

申请日：2007-03-14

Applicant: Pradip Mitra

Inventor： Pradip Mitra

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/415 ,  A61B5/015 ,  A61B5/026 ,  A61B5/418

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for detecting diseased tissue based upon infrared imaging in two different bands of infrared wavelengths is described. The use of two series of infrared images taken in two different bands of infrared wavelengths increases sensitivity to the subtle temperature changes caused by diseased skin and tissue, especially in the case of cancerous tissue. By sensing skin temperature, the homogeneity thereof, the time variations thereof and the correlation between the two series of infrared images, the present invention decreases the rate of false positives and false negatives. The increased discrimination due to two series of infrared images allows for reliable detection of diseased or cancerous tissue even in the presence of skin tone variations such as birthmarks, tattoos and freckles. The present invention finds special application in the field of breast cancer detection where subtle skin temperature variations may readily be sensed using two series of infrared images.