摘要:
A gas separation process for treating flue gases from combustion processes, and combustion processes including such gas separation. The invention involves routing a first portion of the flue gas stream to be treated to a carbon dioxide capture step, while simultaneously flowing a second portion of the flue gas across the feed side of a membrane, flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side, then passing the permeate/sweep gas to the combustor.
摘要:
Processes for removing water from organic solvents, such as ethanol. The processes include distillation in two columns operated at sequentially higher pressure, followed by treatment of the overhead vapor by one or two membrane separation steps.
摘要:
A process for treating natural gas or other methane-rich gas to remove excess nitrogen. The invention relies on two-stage membrane separation, using methane-selective membranes for the first stage and nitrogen-selective membranes for the second stage. The process enables the nitrogen content of the gas to be substantially reduced, without requiring the membranes to be operated at very low temperatures.
摘要:
A process for treating natural gas or other methane-rich gas to remove excess nitrogen and carbon dioxide simultaneously. The invention relies on membrane separation using nitrogen/methane and carbon dioxide/methane selective membranes. The gas can typically be brought to pipeline specification for both components, without requiring the use of amine scrubbing or other acid gas removal technique. Where water vapor or hydrogen sulfide is present in the raw gas, these contaminants may also be removed to meet pipeline specification in a single operation.
摘要:
A process for separating hydrogen from a multicomponent gas mixture containing hydrogen and a hydrocarbon, using gas-separation membranes selective for hydrogen over the hydrocarbon. The membranes use a selective layer made from a polymer having repeating units of a fluorinated polymer, and demonstrate good resistance to plasticization by the organic components in the gas mixture under treatment, and good recovery after exposure to liquid aromatic hydrocarbons.
摘要:
Processes and apparatus for providing improved catalytic cracking, specifically improved recovery of olefins, LPG or hydrogen from catalytic crackers. The improvement is achieved by passing part of the wet gas stream across membranes selective in favor of light hydrocarbons over hydrogen.
摘要:
Processes and apparatus for providing improved catalytic reforming, specifically improved recovery of reformate and hydrogen from catalytic reformers. The improvement is achieved by passing portions of the reactor effluent or streams derived from the reactor effluent across membranes selective in favor of light hydrocarbons over hydrogen.
摘要:
A process for treating gas streams containing hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The process includes a membrane conditioning step to remove C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbons, followed by a selective adsorption or membrane separation step to separate hydrogen from methane. The membrane conditioning step uses a membrane selective for C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbons over hydrogen.
摘要:
The invention provides for the transdermal delivery of the active enantiomer of the analgesic ketorolac. Transdermal patches according to the invention are capable of delivering (-) ketorolac to a patient at therapeutically effective levels, at a flux rate of 20 .mu.g/cm.sup.2.hr or more. Patches for use in the present invention may be adhesive matrix, monolithic matrix, or liquid reservoir transdermal patches.
摘要:
Improved membranes and improved membrane processes for treating gas streams containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane, particularly natural gas streams. The processes rely on the availability of two membrane types, one of which has a hydrogen sulfide/methane selectivity of at least about 40 when measured with multicomponent gas mixtures at high pressure. Based on the different permeation properties of the two membrane types, optimized separation processes can be designed.