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11.发明授权Structures and methods of manufacture for gas diffusion electrodes and electrode components 有权气体扩散电极和电极组件的制造结构和方法
公开(公告)号：US6103077A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US184089
申请日：1998-10-30
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , C25B11/035 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8828 , H01M4/886 , H01M4/8882 , H01M4/8885 , H01M4/926 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M4/8896 , Y02P70/56
摘要： Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDES) play a pivotal role in clean energy production as well as in electrochemical processes and sensors. These gas-consuming electrodes are typically designed for liquid electrolyte systems such as phosphoric acid and alkaline fuel cells, and are commercially manufactured by hand or in a batch process. However, GDEs using the new electrolytes such as conductive polymer membranes demand improved electrode structures.This invention pertains to GDEs and gas diffusion media with new structures for systems using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), and automated methods of manufacture that lend themselves to continuous mass production Unexpected improvements in gas and vapor transport through the electrode are realized by incorporating a new dispersion process in the construction, reformulating the applied mix with solution additives, and creating a novel coating structure on a conductive web. Furthermore, combining these changes with a judicious choice in coating methodology allows one to produce these materials in a continuous, automated fashion.
摘要翻译： 气体扩散电极（GDES）在清洁能源生产以及电化学过程和传感器中起着关键作用。 这些耗气电极通常设计用于诸如磷酸和碱性燃料电池的液体电解质系统，并且可以手工或间歇工艺制造。 然而，使用新型电解质如导电聚合物膜的GDE需要改进电极结构。 本发明涉及具有用于使用膜电极组件（MEA）的系统的新结构的GDE和气体扩散介质，以及适用于连续大规模生产的自动化制造方法。通过并入新的电极来实现气体和蒸气传输的意外改进 在施工中的分散过程，用溶液添加剂重新配制施用的混合物，并在导电网上形成新颖的涂层结构。 此外，将这些变化与涂层方法的明智选择相结合，可以以连续，自动化的方式生产这些材料。
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公开(公告)号：US08372775B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-12
申请号：US11789986
申请日：2007-04-26
IPC分类号： B01J21/18 , B01J23/40 , B01J23/74 , B01J27/02 , B01J27/047 , B01J27/051 , B01J27/049 , B01J27/043 , B01J27/045
CPC分类号： H01M4/90 , B01J21/18 , B01J23/8913 , B01J27/045 , C25B1/26 , C25B11/0447 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8825 , H01M4/8889 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/923 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/0245
摘要： A method of producing a catalyst for oxygen reduction and a gas diffusion electrode.
摘要翻译： 一种氧还原催化剂的制造方法和气体扩散电极。
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13.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06402930B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-11
申请号：US09654553
申请日：2000-09-01
申请人： Robert J. Allen , James R. Giallombardo , Daniel Czerwiec , Emory S. De Castro , Khaleda Shaikh , Fritz Gestermann , Hans-Dieter Pinter , Gerd Speer
发明人： Robert J. Allen , James R. Giallombardo , Daniel Czerwiec , Emory S. De Castro , Khaleda Shaikh , Fritz Gestermann , Hans-Dieter Pinter , Gerd Speer
IPC分类号： C25B1104
CPC分类号： C25B1/26 , C25B9/10 , C25B11/04 , C25B11/0447 , H01M4/92
摘要： A process for electrolyzing an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to chlorine in an electrochemical cell provided with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment including at least one gas diffusion cathode comprising an electrically conductive web provided on at least one side thereof with a coating of a catalyst for the electroreduction of oxygen comprising rhodium sulfide and optionally containing at least one fluorinated binder incorporated therein, comprising introducing aqueous hydrochloric acid containing contaminant species into the anode compartment and oxygen into the cathode compartment while impressing a direct electric current on the cell.
摘要翻译： 一种在具有阳极室和阴极室的电化学电池中电解盐酸水溶液的方法，所述电化学电池包括至少一个气体扩散阴极，所述气体扩散阴极至少在其一侧设置有导电性网，并具有催化剂涂层 用于对包含硫化铑的氧的电还原，并且任选地含有至少一种掺入其中的氟化粘合剂，包括将含有污染物质的盐酸引入阳极室和氧进入阴极室，同时在电池上施加直流电流。
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14.发明授权Structures and methods of manufacture for gas diffusion electrodes and electrode components 有权气体扩散电极和电极组件的制造结构和方法公开(公告)号：US06368476B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-09
申请号：US09585124
申请日：2000-06-01
IPC分类号： C25B1100
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , C25B11/035 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8828 , H01M4/886 , H01M4/8882 , H01M4/8885 , H01M4/8896 , H01M4/926 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M2300/0082 , Y02P70/56
摘要： Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) play a pivotal role in clean energy production as well as in electrochemical processes and sensors. These gas-consuming electrodes are typically designed for liquid electrolyte systems, and are commercially manufactured by hand or in a batch process. However, CDEs using the new electrolytes demand improved electrode structures. This invention pertains to GDEs and gas diffusion media with new structures for systems using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), and automated methods of manufacture that lend themselves to continuous mass production. Unexpected improvements in gas and vapor transport through the electrode are realized by incorporating a new dispersion process in the construction, reformulating the applied mix with solution additives, and creating a novel coating structure on a conductive web. Furthermore, combining these changes with a judicious choice in coating methodology allows one to produce these materials in a continuous, automated fashion.
摘要翻译： 气体扩散电极（GDEs）在清洁能源生产以及电化学过程和传感器方面发挥关键作用。 这些耗气电极通常被设计用于液体电解质系统，并且是通过手工或间歇工艺商业制造的。 然而，使用新电解质的CDE需要改进的电极结构。 本发明涉及具有用于使用膜电极组件（MEA）的系统的新结构的GDE和气体扩散介质以及适于连续批量生产的自动化制造方法。 通过在结构中引入新的分散方法，用溶液添加剂重新配制施用的混合物，并在导电网上形成新的涂层结构，可以实现通过电极的气体和蒸汽输送的意想不到的改进。 此外，将这些变化与涂层方法的明智选择相结合，可以以连续，自动化的方式生产这些材料。
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公开(公告)号：US06358381B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09616753
申请日：2000-07-14
申请人： Robert J. Allen , James R. Giallombardo , Daniel Czerwiec , Emory S. De Castro , Khaleda Shaikh
发明人： Robert J. Allen , James R. Giallombardo , Daniel Czerwiec , Emory S. De Castro , Khaleda Shaikh
IPC分类号： C25B1103
CPC分类号： H01M4/92 , C25B1/26 , C25B9/10 , C25B11/04 , C25B11/0447
摘要： The invention relates to a novel rhodium sulfide catalyst for the reduction of oxygen in industrial electrolyzers. The catalyst is highly resistant towards corrosion and poisoning by organic species, thus resulting particularly suitable for use in aqueous hydrochloric acid electrolysis, when technical grade acid containing organic contaminants is employed.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于在工业电解槽中还原氧的新型硫化铑催化剂。 该催化剂对有机物质的腐蚀和中毒具有高度的抵抗力，因此特别适合用于含水有机污染物的工业级含酸盐酸电解。
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公开(公告)号：US6165636A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-26
申请号：US271664
申请日：1999-03-17
CPC分类号： H01M4/926 , B01J23/6525 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0082 , Y10S420/90
摘要： This invention pertains to improved formulations of platinum--molybdenum alloys for use as anode catalysts. These electrocatalysts find utility as a constituent of gas diffusion electrodes for use in fuel cells that operate at less than 180.degree. C. or in applications whereupon hydrogen is oxidized in the presence of carbon monoxide or other platinum inhibiting substances. The new formulations derive unexpected activity through creating highly dispersed alloy particles of up to approximately 300 .ANG. on carbon supports. The desired activity is achieved by carefully controlling the platinum to molybdenum ratio during preparation and judiciously selecting a proper loading of alloy on the carbon support.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用作阳极催化剂的铂 - 钼合金的改进配方。 这些电催化剂用作燃料电池中用于燃料电池的气体扩散电极的组成部分，其操作在低于180℃，或者在一氧化碳或其它铂抑制物质存在下被氢氧化的应用中。 新的配方通过在碳载体上产生高达约300 ANGSTROM的高度分散的合金颗粒而产生意想不到的活性。 所需的活性通过在制备过程中仔细控制铂与钼的比例并在碳载体上明智地选择适当的合金负载来实现。
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公开(公告)号：US5841021A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-24
申请号：US523687
申请日：1995-09-05
IPC分类号： G01N27/416 , G01N27/16 , B32B5/00 , H01L7/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/4162
摘要： An electrochemical gas sensor is provided, the use of which permits quantitative measurement of volatile gas contaminants in an atmosphere being monitored, generally at ambient temperatures below 100.degree. C. The sensor is constructed of a sensor electrode and a reference electrode on a separator in such a manner as to be exposed to the atmosphere which is sensed for gaseous contaminants. In an alternative embodiment, the sensors can be covered with a selective filter which will selectively allow only small molecule toxic gases to pass for sensing by the sensor electrode while excluding larger interfering gas molecules. In another alternative embodiment, a multiple layer electrochemical gas sensor detects the presence of volatile gas contaminants in a sample gas as well as humidity, temperature, and/or pressure of the gas sample.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种电化学气体传感器，其使用允许定期测量正在监测的气氛中的挥发性气体污染物，通常在低于100℃的环境温度下。传感器由传感器电极和分离器上的参考电极构成 一种暴露于被气体污染物检测到的气氛的方式。 在替代实施例中，传感器可以被选择性过滤器覆盖，选择性过滤器将选择性地仅允许小分子有毒气体通过传感器电极进行感测，同时排除较大的干扰气体分子。 在另一替代实施例中，多层电化学气体传感器检测样品气体中挥发性气体污染物的存在以及气体样品的湿度，温度和/或压力。
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18.发明授权Colorimetric indicators for breath, air, gas and vapor analyses and method of manufacture 失效呼吸，空气，气体和蒸汽分析的比色指标和制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5834626A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US758557
申请日：1996-11-29
CPC分类号： G01N33/98 , G01N21/783 , G01N31/22 , G01N33/4972 , G01N2800/307
摘要： Colorimetric indicators for breath, air, gas, & vapor analyses that can be thrown away after a single use, are easy to use, low cost, small, and simple to manufacture for indicating at least volume passed through the colorimetric indicators and may also be used to indicate concentration of an analyte within breath, air, gas, & vapor passed through the colorimetric indicators. The present invention is directed to colorimetric indicators for breath, air, gas, & vapor analyses. The colorimetric indicators may have a housing with an entrance port, an outlet, a volume indicator, and an analyte indicating reagent. The volume indicator may be a breath volume reagent. Different analytes may be measured, the analyte indicating reagent depending upon the particular analyte being to monitored. The breath volume indicator is colorimetric, and changes color when a predetermined volume of air is passed through the colorimetric indicators for breath, air, gas, & vapor analyses. The analyte indicator reagent is also colorimetric, and changes color when a predetermined amount of chemical concentration of the analyte is exposed to the analyte indicator reagent. A process for manufacturing a colorimetric indicator for breath, air, gas, and vapor analyses, comprises at least the following steps: immobilizing a reagent, such color change inducing reagent being composed of at least one constant concentration component.
摘要翻译： 用于呼吸，空气，气体和蒸汽分析的比色指示剂，可以在一次使用后丢弃，易于使用，成本低，制造简单，用于指示至少体积通过比色指示剂，并且还可以 用于指示呼吸中的分析物浓度，空气，气体和蒸气通过比色指示剂。 本发明涉及用于呼吸，空气，气体和蒸气分析的比色指示剂。 比色指示器可以具有带入口，出口，体积指示器和分析物指示试剂的外壳。 体积指示器可以是呼吸容积试剂。 可以测量不同的分析物，分析物指示试剂取决于待监测的特定分析物。 呼吸量指示器是比色的，并且当预定体积的空气通过用于呼吸，空气，气体和蒸气分析的比色指示剂时，颜色变化。 分析物指示剂试剂也是比色的，并且当预定量的分析物的化学浓度暴露于分析物指示剂试剂时，颜色变化。 用于制造用于呼吸，空气，气体和蒸气分析的比色指示剂的方法至少包括以下步骤：固定试剂，所述试剂由至少一种恒定浓度组分组成。
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公开(公告)号：US5017274A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-21
申请号：US383381
申请日：1989-07-20
申请人： John B. Kerr , Emory S. De Castro , Bruce Zenner
发明人： John B. Kerr , Emory S. De Castro , Bruce Zenner
CPC分类号： C07F15/065 , C01B13/0244 , C01B2210/0053 , C02F1/20
摘要： Oxygen is extracted from a fluid mixture feedstock by circulating a carrier fluid from an oxygen loading station to an electrochemical cell. The carrier fluid includes a carrier compound capable of reversibly binding oxygen, with oxygen binding dependent on the oxidation state of the compound. Oxygen bound to the carrier compound in a first oxidation state is released as the oxidation state is altered at the first electrode of the electrochemical cell. The carrier compound is then returned to the first oxidation state at the second electrode at the electrochemical cell. The loading station typically comprises an oxygen-permeable membrane which prevents bulk mixing of the fluid mixture and the carrier fluid. By providing an electrocatalyst capable of rapid electron transfer and having an electropotential less than that of the carrier compound, without binding or otherwise interfering with the carrier compound, low energy electron transfer between the carrier compounds and the electrodes of the electrochemical cell is achieved.
摘要翻译： 通过将载体流体从氧气加载站循环到电化学电池，从流体混合物原料中提取氧。 载体流体包括能够可逆地结合氧的载体化合物，氧结合取决于化合物的氧化态。 当氧化态在电化学电池的第一电极发生改变时，释放与第一氧化态的载体化合物结合的氧。 然后载体化合物在电化学电池的第二电极处返回到第一氧化态。 装载站通常包括氧气渗透膜，其防止流体混合物和载体流体的大量混合。 通过提供能够快速电子转移并且具有小于载体化合物的电位的电催化剂，而不结合或以其他方式干扰载体化合物，实现了载体化合物与电化学电池的电极之间的低能电子转移。
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