摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for measuring the presence and/or the concentration of an analyte by means of a gas sensor arrangement and to a corresponding gas sensor arrangement. The gas sensor arrangement comprises a radiation-emitting radiation source, a gas measuring chamber, which may be filled with a test gas containing at least one analyte to be measured, and at least one radiation-detecting detector device which generates an output signal as a function of the presence and/or the concentration of the analyte. In order to be able to reduce the harmful effects of condensation water, which condenses in the gas measuring chamber, the gas measuring chamber according to the invention is heated before the measurement process, such that the wall of the gas measuring chamber assumes a temperature which lies above the dew point of the test gas.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for reading data (120) from a document (104) using a reader (102), wherein the reader forms the primary side of a transformer (110), wherein the document has an electronic memory (118) for storing the data, processor means (114) for reading the data from the memory and at least one electrical load (128, 130, 132) which can be actuated by the processor means, wherein the document forms the secondary side of the transformer, and wherein the processor means and the at least one load are coupled to the secondary side for the purpose of supplying power, having the following steps: a primary-side voltage (U) is applied to the primary side for the purpose of injecting power into the secondary side, the at least one load is actuated by the processor means, as a result of which a time-variant secondary-side load is formed which prompts the primary-side voltage to undergo modulation, the modulation of the primary-side voltage is evaluated by the reader in order to execute read access for the purpose of reading the data on the basis of a result of the evaluation.
摘要:
A method for producing thin silicon rods using a floating zone crystallization process includes supplying high frequency (HF) current to a flat induction coil having a central opening, a plurality of draw openings and a plate with a slot as a current supply of the HF current so as to provide a circumfluent current to the central opening. An upper end of a raw silicon rod is heated by induction using the flat induction coil so as to form a melt pool. A thin silicon rod is drawn upwards through each of the plurality of draw openings in the flat induction coil from the melt pool without drawing a thin silicon rod through the central opening having the circumfluent current.
摘要:
A method for detecting a jammed charge movement flap of an internal combustion engine, a volumetric air flow of the internal combustion engine being ascertained as a measured volumetric air flow and as a modeled volumetric air flow. In the event of a deviation of the measured volumetric air flow from the modeled volumetric air flow which is greater than a predefined value, a jammed charge movement flap is automatically detected.
摘要:
A gas sensor arrangement comprises a first half-shell mateable with a second half-shell. The first half-shell has a detector receiving opening and radiation source receiving apertures. A gas measuring chamber is formed between the first half-shell and the second half-shell. The gas measuring chamber extends between the detector receiving opening and the radiation source receiving apertures. Concave mirrors are arranged around the radiation source receiving apertures. The concave mirrors are formed by inner surfaces of the first and second half-shells. Tubes extend from the concave mirrors to the detector receiving opening. The tubes are formed by the inner surfaces of the first and second half-shells. The inner surfaces are coated with a reflective material.
摘要:
A gas sensor having a base, a light source having a lamp body, the light source being carried by the base, a first reflector associated with the light source, a detector for detecting the intensity of the light source, and a lampholder for play-free and immobile securing of the lamp body is disclosed.
摘要:
A method for producing a deceleration setpoint value of a motor vehicle with an electropneumatic brake actuatable by a brake pedal, especially a compressed-air-actuated brake, with a sustained action brake and with at least one device for actuating the brake independently of the driver's desire (external actuation) is characterized by the fact that, with external actuation of the brake and with a simultaneous change in the brake pedal, a resultant deceleration setpoint (z_res) is formed in such fashion that, beginning with the externally set deceleration setpoint (z_ext) with simultaneous actuation of the brake pedal, a curve of the resultant deceleration setpoint (z_res) with the pedal travel is produced which reaches complete deceleration upon full brake pedal travel.
摘要:
A method for producing a single crystal of semiconductor material having material properties of a zone-pulled single crystal includes providing a vessel transmissive to high frequency magnetic fields and having a granulate of a granular semiconductor material disposed therein and a first conductor disposed externally thereto. A high frequency current is supplied to a planar inductor disposed above the vessel, the planar inductor having a turn and a slit as a current supply so as to produce an open melt lake on the granulate by a temperature field at a surface of the granulate produced by thermal power of the planar inductor and a heating action of the first inductor, the melt lake being embedded in unmelted material of the granular semiconductor material and not being in contact with a wall of the vessel. A single crystal is pulled form the melt lake of the semiconductor material upwards.
摘要:
A semiconductor element (semiconductor device) including a substrate having a patterned structure of an organic semiconductor material and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor element are disclosed. According to one embodiment, the method of manufacturing the semiconductor element provides a substrate having a patterned structure of an organic semiconductor material which is cost-effective and which realizes a structure having a high degree of uniformity of the patterned semiconductor regions. The method includes: providing the substrate, applying a continuous layer of an organic semiconductor material onto the substrate, applying a solvent onto the continuous layer in the second regions thereby dissolving and removing the organic semiconductor material, which is located in the second regions, from the continuous layer.
摘要:
Provided are an electronic device including a bank structure and a method of manufacturing the same. The method of manufacturing the electronic device requires a fewer number of processes and comprises a direct patterning of insulating layers, such as fluorinated organic polymer layers, is possible using cost-efficient techniques such as inkjet printing.